1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Primary conclusions |
1.2.1. | Market |
1.2.2. | Versatility |
1.2.3. | Entry points |
1.2.4. | Valued benefits |
1.2.5. | High power opportunity |
1.2.6. | Conditions of success |
1.3. | Triboelectric harvesting device timeline 2018-2038 with mean power magnitude |
1.4. | Triboelectricity |
1.4.1. | Definition |
1.4.2. | Triboelectric dielectric series |
1.4.3. | Triboelectric dielectric series examples showing wide choice of properties |
1.5. | Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) |
1.6. | Achievement |
1.7. | Four ways to make a TENG |
1.7.1. | Overview |
1.7.2. | TENG modes with advantages, potential uses |
1.7.3. | Research focus on the four modes |
1.7.4. | Parametric advantages and challenges of triboelectric EH |
1.7.5. | Self Healing Triboelectrics? |
1.8. | Where TENGs fit in the EH scene |
1.8.1. | Technology choice by intermittent power generated |
1.8.2. | TENG relative benefits |
1.8.3. | TENG relative benefits scoped: device needs for potentially large markets |
1.8.4. | The vibration harvesting opportunity |
1.9. | Materials opportunities |
1.9.1. | Materials in experimental TENGs and those likely in production |
1.10. | Market forecasts |
1.10.1. | TENG low vs high power 2018-2028 $ million |
1.11. | Triboelectric Numbers (million) vs alternatives 2018-2028 |
1.12. | Triboelectric Unit price (US dollars) vs alternatives 2018-2028 |
1.13. | Triboelectric Market Value vs alternatives 2018-2028 |
1.14. | Interview with Prof. Zhong Lin Wang Gatech |
1.14.1. | The triboelectric DSSC textile |
1.14.2. | Three fibre-shaped components |
1.15. | Triboelectric wave, tire and shirt power, Clemson University |
1.16. | Your gadget's next power supply? Your body |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Energy harvesting (EH) definition and overview |
2.1.1. | Features of energy harvesting |
2.1.2. | Low power vs high power off-grid |
2.1.3. | Types of EH energy source |
2.1.4. | Ford, H2P and EPA assessment of regeneration potential in a car |
2.1.5. | Candidates for EH by power |
2.1.6. | Energy harvesting transducer options compared for all applications |
2.2. | Triboelectric effect |
2.2.1. | Overview |
2.2.2. | Measured triboelectric positive series |
2.2.3. | Measured triboelectric negative series |
2.2.4. | Commentary |
2.2.5. | Standard comparisons |
2.3. | Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) operating principle and device optimisation |
2.3.1. | Contact and sliding modes compared |
2.3.2. | Single electrode and contactless modes compared |
2.3.3. | Electrostatics in energy harvesting |
3. | FOCUS OF RESEARCH |
3.1. | Overview |
3.2. | Terminology |
3.3. | TENG progress |
3.4. | Best research-cell efficiencies |
3.5. | Photovoltaics becomes cheaper than large onshore wind in 2020 |
3.6. | Photovoltaics experience curve 2018 |
3.7. | Need for standards and independent appraisal of TENG claims |
3.8. | Integrated multi-mode energy harvesting |
3.8.1. | Evolution |
3.8.2. | TENG multi-mode energy harvesting |
3.9. | Examples of experimental TENG designs 2013-6 |
3.10. | Self-powered sensors |
3.10.1. | Pressure mapping, touch |
3.10.2. | Example in 2016: self-powered implantable heart monitor |
4. | COMMERCIALISATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR TENG DEVICES |
4.1. | Commercialisation of EH of motion showing TENG opportunities |
4.2. | EH transducer options compared |
4.2.1. | Production status by technology |
4.2.2. | Comparison of desirable features of EH technologies |
4.2.3. | Key issues to address |
5. | POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: MICROWATTS TO WATTS |
5.1. | Internet of Things (IoT) and self-powered sensors |
5.1.1. | IoT market dynamics |
5.1.2. | Opportunity |
5.2. | Self-powered sensors |
5.2.1. | Overview |
5.2.2. | Examples of sensors with printing |
5.2.3. | Self-powered triboelectric active sensors for IOT etc |
5.2.4. | Wearable sensor forecasts |
5.2.5. | Other chemical, gas and glucose sensor forecasts |
5.3. | Wearable technology |
5.3.1. | Overview |
5.3.2. | Trends in wearable technology that TENGs must address |
5.3.3. | Basic wearable device by component type |
5.3.4. | Categorisation of wearable sensors |
5.3.5. | "Wearables"- the hype is fading and shifting to new sectors |
5.3.6. | Wearables by market sector |
5.4. | Microcontrollers |
5.4.1. | Overview |
5.4.2. | Forecasts |
5.5. | Haptics |
5.5.1. | Overview |
5.5.2. | Haptics volume vs technology readiness |
6. | APPLICATIONS FROM TEN WATTS TO MEGAWATTS |
6.1. | Overview |
6.2. | The vehicle opportunity |
6.2.1. | Forecast and end game |
6.2.2. | EIV pizza van shows the way |
6.2.3. | Harvesting for on-road vehicles |
6.2.4. | Harvesting for marine vehicles |
6.2.5. | Harvesting for air vehicles |
6.3. | Potential for a TENG power fabric |
6.3.1. | E-textiles |
6.4. | Charging high power energy storage |
7. | MATERIALS OPPORTUNITIES |
7.1. | Overview |
7.2. | Functionalisation and other options |
7.3. | Materials for 24 laminar TENG |
7.4. | Materials for 12 vertical arch TENG |
7.5. | Materials for 3 textile TENG |
7.6. | Materials for 6 rotating TENG |
7.7. | Materials for 10 other TENG variants |
8. | EXAMPLES OF INTERVIEWS |
9. | APPENDIX - ENERGY HARVESTING TIRES |