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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Energy harvesting options |
| 1.2. | Total market value by technology 2023 |
| 1.2. | Number of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters by Application 2012-2023 |
| 1.3. | Average unit price of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters by Application 2012-2023 |
| 1.4. | Total Market Value for Piezoelectric energy harvesters 2012-2023 |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION TO PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING |
| 2.1. | What is piezoelectric energy harvesting? |
| 2.1. | Microsensor power budget |
| 2.1. | Applications of Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Materials as Microsources of Energy |
| 2.2. | Power requirements of small electronic products including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the types of battery employed |
| 2.2. | Energy harvesting compared with alternatives |
| 2.2. | How piezoelectricity works |
| 2.3. | How piezoelectric materials are made |
| 2.3. | Efficiency and potential technology options |
| 2.3. | The performance of the favourite energy harvesting technologies. Technologies with no moving parts are shown in red. |
| 2.4. | PZT - leading piezoelectric material used today |
| 2.5. | Single Crystal Piezo |
| 2.6. | Piezo Fibre Composites PFCs and IDEPFC |
| 2.6.1. | Piezo and pyroelectric energy sources |
| 2.7. | Power requirements of different devices |
| 2.8. | Piezoelectric energy harvesting compared with alternatives |
| 3. | PIEZOELECTRICS AS AN ENERGY HARVESTER |
| 3.1. | Vibration harvesting |
| 3.1. | Piezoelectric buckled beams for random vibration energy harvesting |
| 3.1.1. | Wideband |
| 3.1.2. | Damping |
| 3.1.3. | Remote controllers |
| 3.2. | Tree-inspired piezoelectric energy harvesting (Georgiatech) |
| 3.2. | Movement harvesting options |
| 3.2.1. | Application Case Study: Power paving |
| 3.2.2. | Application Case Study:: Duke University Harvesting energy from natural motion |
| 3.2.3. | Morgan Technical Ceramics: Development of energy-harvesting mat |
| 3.2.4. | Princeton Energy harvesting rubber sheets |
| 3.2.5. | Application Case Study:: CEA/Leti-Minatec Harnessing vibrations from raindrops |
| 3.2.6. | Application Case Study: SolarBionic Vibration harvesting |
| 3.2.7. | Application Case Study: CORNELL: Flapping leaf generator for wind energy harvesting |
| 3.3. | Power paving |
| 3.4. | Development of energy-harvesting mat |
| 3.5. | The Testing Apparatus |
| 3.6. | The Nanoleaf is made up of a combination of photovoltaic and thermovoltaic materials |
| 3.7. | Flapping leaf generator for wind energy harvesting |
| 4. | NEW MATERIALS AND FORM FACTORS FOR PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTERS |
| 4.1. | MEMS piezo electric energy harvesting |
| 4.1. | Fully autonomous wireless temperature sensor powered by a vibrational energy harvester |
| 4.1.1. | MEMs piezoelectric harvester with record power output |
| 4.2. | Piezopaint: Flexible Piezoelectric film |
| 4.2. | Thin film, printed, spray-on piezoelectric energy harvesters |
| 4.3. | Thermal Acoustic Piezo Energy Conversion |
| 4.3. | Orest Symco |
| 4.3.1. | Turning heat into sound, then electricity |
| 4.4. | PZT ribbons for piezoelectricity and stretchability in energy harvesting devices fabricated |
| 4.4. | Piezoelectric ribbons and fibres |
| 4.5. | Zinc oxide nanowires |
| 4.5. | Fibers that are part of the microfiber nanogenerator. The top one is coated with gold |
| 4.6. | How pairs of fibers would generate electrical current. |
| 4.6. | Piezoelectric graphene |
| 4.7. | Optimal shape piezoelectric energy harvesters |
| 4.7. | Georgia Institute of Technology piezoelectric nanomaterials |
| 4.8. | Penn State University |
| 4.8. | Technique for fabricating piezoelectric ferroelectric nanostructures |
| 4.9. | Giant piezoelectric effect to improve energy harvesting devices |
| 4.9. | Diamond Light Source, the UK's national synchrotron facility |
| 4.10. | Self powered piezoelectric sensors are developed by the Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems at VirginiaTech |
| 4.10. | Potential for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics |
| 4.11. | Electro-active papers |
| 4.11. | The EAP context in which the piezoelectric energy harvesters can be applied |
| 4.12. | Fabric that can interact with its environment |
| 4.12. | Electroactive Polymers and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices |
| 4.13. | Piezoelectric fabric that can detect and produce sound |
| 5. | APPLICATIONS OF PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTERS |
| 5.1. | Energy harvesting backpack |
| 5.1. | Consumer Electronics |
| 5.1.1. | Application Case Study: Michigan Tech: Energy harvesting backpack |
| 5.1.2. | Piezoelectric kinetic energy harvester for mobile phones from Nokia |
| 5.1.3. | Small scale wind turbines |
| 5.2. | Energy harvesting for Vehicles |
| 5.2. | Alpsroads |
| 5.2.1. | Application Case Study: Piezo Power Source for tyre pressure monitoring |
| 5.2.2. | Application Case Study: Piezoelectric roads for California |
| 5.2.3. | Application Case Study: Energy harvesting for robots |
| 5.3. | "Piezo Eel" |
| 5.3. | Healthcare |
| 5.3.1. | Application Case Study: Breakthroughs with sensing in the human body |
| 5.4. | Powering Wireless Sensors |
| 5.4. | Robotic Bat |
| 5.4.1. | Application Case Study: Printing Piezo Energy Harvesters |
| 5.5. | PulseSwitch Systems makes piezoelectric wireless switches that do not need a battery |
| 5.5. | Switching and Lighting: Piezoelectric Energy harvesting |
| 5.5.1. | Application Case Study: PulseSwitch Systems |
| 6. | MARKET FORECASTS |
| 6.1. | Short term challenges in the energy harvesting market |
| 6.1. | Number of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters by Application 2012-2023 |
| 6.1. | Total market value by technology 2023 |
| 6.2. | Energy Harvesting Value Chain |
| 6.2. | Average unit price of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters by Application 2012-2023 |
| 6.3. | Total Market Value for Piezoelectric energy harvesters 2012-2023 |
| 7. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 7.1. | Advanced Cerametrics |
| 7.1. | Arveni piezoelectric batteryless remote control |
| 7.2. | Human sensor networks |
| 7.2. | Agency for Defense Development |
| 7.3. | Algra |
| 7.3. | Helicopter vibration harvester |
| 7.4. | Bell model 412 helicopter |
| 7.4. | Arveni |
| 7.5. | Boeing |
| 7.5. | Solar-powered wireless G-Link seismic sensor on the Corinth Bridge in Greece. |
| 7.6. | Multiple solar-powered nodes monitor strain and vibration at key locations on the Goldstar Bridge over the Thames River in New London, Conn |
| 7.6. | Carnegie Mellon University |
| 7.7. | Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| 7.7. | MicroStrain Wireless sensor and data acquisition system |
| 7.8. | Volture vibration harvester |
| 7.8. | Fraunhofer IKTS |
| 7.9. | Georgia Institute of Technology |
| 7.9. | Volture |
| 7.10. | PulseSwitch Systems makes piezoelectric wireless switches that do not need a battery |
| 7.10. | Holst Centre |
| 7.11. | Honeywell |
| 7.11. | Transmitter left and implanted receiver right for inductively powered implantable dropped foot stimulator for stroke victims |
| 7.12. | IMEC |
| 7.13. | Imperial College |
| 7.14. | ITT |
| 7.15. | Meggitt Sensing Systems |
| 7.16. | MicroStrain Inc. |
| 7.17. | Midé Technology Corporation |
| 7.18. | National Taiwan University, |
| 7.19. | NNL - Universita del Salento |
| 7.20. | PulseSwitch Systems |
| 7.21. | Shanghai Jiao Tong University |
| 7.22. | Smart Material Corp. |
| 7.23. | Technical University of Ilmenau |
| 7.24. | Texas Micropower |
| 7.25. | Tokyo Institute of Technology |
| 7.26. | Tyndall National Institute |
| 7.27. | University of Idaho |
| 7.28. | University of Princeton |
| 7.29. | Virginia Tech |
| 8. | REFERENCES |
| APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
| Pages | 111 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 9 |
| Figures | 42 |
| Forecasts to | 2023 |