RFID for Animals, Food and Farming 2008-2018

By Dr Peter Harrop and Glyn Holland

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Description

This report concerns RFID in the food supply chain, from arable farming and livestock to presentation in the retail store. We also cover benefits if the RFID tag stays on the food to the private home. Because the tagging of pets and use of RFID on other animals and in conservation are closely allied topics, these are analyzed too.

Of the many uses for RFID, the food supply chain is set to rise dramatically to $4.97 billion spent on the systems plus the tags in 2018, becoming more important than any other application of RFID. In due course, the tagging of individual items will attract the most investment, benefiting all in the supply chain but tagging of conveyances, pallets, cases, vehicles and equipment will also be important.

There are many reasons for the growth of both of these markets, because RFID is increasingly used to track, monitor condition, prevent errors and theft, and even locate from a distance. This increases sales, improves customer satisfaction and reduces costs. As if this were not enough, there is increasing legislation driving the use of RFID for safety, notably with livestock and pets, for the rapid and optimal response to disease outbreaks, proof of vaccination, registration and so on.

This report analyses this topic in depth for the first time. 45 case studies from across the world bring the subject alive and suppliers, technology and other aspects are also covered in detail. This 257 page report has over 70 illustrations and tables projecting tag numbers, prices and value and also system value by sector over the next ten years and much else besides.

In particular, we assess the opportunity for RFID in:

Livestock
Food (including pallets and cases)
Pets
Research and conservation
Farming

Ten year forecasts are given by application type

Source: IDTechEx

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Table of Contents

	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.	INTRODUCTION
1.1.	Challenges of the food and livestock industry
1.2.	Challenges of the food industry
1.2.1.	Huge avoidable waste in the supply chain
1.2.2.	Bioterrorism
1.2.3.	Infected food
1.2.4.	Ever more demanding consumers
1.2.5.	Methods of traceability
1.2.6.	Live animal
1.2.7.	Food products
1.2.8.	Up and coming technologies to monitor and identify food
1.3.	Legislation driving RFID - animals, food and farming
1.3.1.	Indirect legal push
1.3.2.	Legislation specifically calling for RFID
2.	RELEVANT RFID TECHNOLOGY
2.1.	Definitions and choices
2.1.1.	RFID frequencies
2.1.2.	Active vs passive RFID
2.1.3.	Condition detecting RFID - Research in Germany
2.1.4.	Active RFID for arable farming
2.1.5.	Active RFID for logistics
2.2.	RFID technology for animals
2.3.	RFID technology for food retailing
2.4.	RFID technology for arable farming
2.5.	RFID technology for food logistics and retailing
2.6.	Relevant RFID standards
2.6.1.	Benefits of standardization
2.6.2.	RFID standards for animal tagging
2.6.3.	RFID standards for food and logistics
3.	RFID FOR ANIMALS
3.1.	Examples of livestock tagging countries
3.1.1.	Australia
3.1.2.	Canada
3.1.3.	Spain
3.1.4.	USA - too little too late?
3.2.	Suppliers of standard passive RFID
3.2.1.	Allflex
3.2.2.	Aleis
3.2.3.	Digital Angel
3.2.4.	Assa Abloy Identification Technologies (IDT)
3.2.5.	Trovan
3.2.6.	Y-Tex Corporation
3.2.7.	Rumitag
3.2.8.	AgInfoLink
3.3.	Suppliers that may extend standards/ establish new standards
3.3.1.	Advanced ID
3.3.2.	Motorola
3.3.3.	Hitachi Mew Solutions
3.3.4.	PrimaryLink Technologies and Sparkice
3.3.5.	Animal Profiling International
3.3.6.	Somark Innovations
3.4.	Technical trends
3.5.	Twelve case studies of RFID for livestock
3.5.1.	Agri-Traçabilité Québec (ATQ), sheep and cattle, Canada
3.5.2.	Alberta Agriculture & Tyson Foods, tracking cattle, Canada
3.5.3.	Asocebú, cattle, Colombia
3.5.4.	Australian Sheep Industry and New South Wales DPI, sheep, Australia
3.5.5.	B3R Country Meats, cattle, USA
3.5.6.	DEFRA, sheep, animals, UK
3.5.7.	Fevex, cattle, Spain
3.5.8.	Klein Karoo Co-operative, ostriches, South Africa
3.5.9.	Sheep processing plant, sheep, Australia
3.5.10.	Smørfjord, reindeer, Norway
3.5.11.	Taiwan Government, hogs, Taiwan
3.5.12.	Thai Government, poultry, Thailand
4.	RFID IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
4.1.	Examples of food tagging
4.2.	Suppliers of high volume passive tags and systems
4.3.	Suppliers of active tags with sensors and systems
4.3.1.	Disposable labels KSW Microtec, Infratab, Power ID
4.3.2.	Reusable tags Wavetrend, MicroSensys, Savi Technology
4.4.	Electronic alternative label from Bioett
4.5.	Non electronic alternatives to TTRs on food
4.6.	Suppliers of long range active RFID
4.7.	Seventeen case studies of RFID in the food industry
4.7.1.	Fonterra, milk collections, New Zealand
4.7.2.	Chinese Government, poultry, pallet/case, vehicles, China
4.7.3.	foodSafe International, fruit and vegetable tracking, Botswana
4.7.4.	Coca-Cola, contactless payment, Japan
4.7.5.	Starbucks cards, USA
4.7.6.	Messina Group, proof of age at Coors Light Superbash, USA
4.7.7.	Campofrio meat, Spain
4.7.8.	Meat tracking/ condition monitoring, item level, USA
4.7.9.	Meat transport crates, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands
4.7.10.	Bell AG, meat, Germany
4.7.11.	Arla Foods, steel carriers, Sweden
4.7.12.	Bayer CropScience, vehicles and pallets, Germany
4.7.13.	PM beef, USA
4.7.14.	Metro Distribution Centre, pallet/case, Hamm, Germany
4.7.15.	Heineken, tracking cargo shipments, Netherlands
4.7.16.	Bailian Group, merchandise, item-level, China
4.7.17.	World Wide Fruit UK
4.7.18.	Grupo Leche Pascual Spain -packages of liquid egg
5.	RFID IN PETS, ETC
5.1.	Five case studies
5.1.1.	Portuguese Ministry of Agriculture, dogs, Portugal
5.1.2.	Los Angeles Animal Regulation Commission, stray animals, USA
5.1.3.	Government Pet Passport, UK
5.1.4.	Animal Care, pets, UK
5.1.5.	Florida Animal Shelters, lost pets, USA
6.	RFID FOR ANIMAL RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION
6.1.	Four case studies
6.1.1.	Delhi, cow tagging, India
6.1.2.	Pandas, China
6.1.3.	Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, fish, USA
6.1.4.	Fraser River Sturgeon Conservation Society, Canada
7.	RFID FOR ARABLE FARMING
7.1.	Technical trends
7.1.1.	Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN)
7.2.	Five case studies of RFID for arable farming
7.2.1.	Precision Forestry Cooperative, trees, USA
7.2.2.	Cambium Forstbetriebe, trees to sawmill, Germany
7.2.3.	Ceago Vinegarden, crops, USA
7.2.4.	Paramount Farms, trailers for nuts, USA
7.2.5.	Silsoe Research and Cranfield University vehicles and containers, UK
8.	RFID MARKETS
8.1.	Total market - animals, food and farming 2008-2018
8.2.	Livestock
8.2.1.	Global livestock statistics
8.2.2.	Importance of China
8.3.	Market 2008-2018
8.3.1.	Timelines for new legislation
8.4.	Food
8.4.1.	Pallet / case market (all retail, food and non-food) 2008-2018
8.5.	Pets
8.5.1.	Market 2008-2018
8.6.	Research and conservation
8.6.1.	Market 2008-2018
8.7.	Farming
8.7.1.	Market 2008-2018
	APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS
	APPENDIX 2: TECHNOLOGIES, EPCGLOBAL, RADIO REGULATIONS
	APPENDIX 3: GLOSSARY
	TABLES
1.1.	Examples of track and trace methods
1.2.	Methods of tracking and traceability compared
1.3.	Some US regulations driving RFID on food and drugs
2.1.	Relative merits and uses of different animal RFID tags
8.1.	Number of RFID tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.2.	Unit value in dollars of RFID tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.3.	Value in millions of dollars of RFID tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.4.	Value in millions of dollars of RFID systems for food, animals and farming including tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.5.	Estimate of the populations of various relevant types of animal in the world with examples of figures for specific countries in millions.
	FIGURES
1.1.	Basic components of a traceability system
1.2.	Examples of RFID in use on food and livestock, including at bottom, fork lifts reading g pallets and cases and intermodal containers being located and monitored for illegal entry
2.1.	Some types and locations of RFID tag on and in animals. The collar tag bottom left is shown controlling the amount of feed and medication, regardless of which stall the animal enters. The RFID tag bottom right measures ear temperature as an indication of
2.2.	M-real ink stripe RFID as applied to food and drink packages
3.1.	Allflex Yellowstick reader
3.2.	Aleis multi-read sheep system, Australia
3.3.	Assa Abloy IDT RFID implants and naked RFID disc (centre) for moulding into ear tags. All operate at the standard 134.2KHz frequency to ISO standards.
3.4.	Trovan ear tag and sub-dermally implantable tag
3.5.	Y-Tex RFID ear tag
3.6.	Rumitag rumen bolus RFID tag
3.7.	Some of the hardware offered by AgInfoLink USA for cattle tracking. Palm PDA on left. Bluetooth RFID reader on right.
3.8.	A selection of tags for cattle, fowl and other farm animals
3.9.	An Advanced ID 12 mm embedded glass tag for pets etc
3.10.	Motorola UHF ear tag
3.11.	Allflex DNA tag, Australia
3.12.	I-Tag RFID Tag (Sheep & Goat version)
3.13.	Ostrich tagging in South Africa
3.14.	SACO Systems provides solutions for access control, time and attendance and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tracking in mines and many other environments.
3.15.	SACO's portable data terminals are capable of reading both barcode and RFID tags and can be optimised to suit a particular application, for example mines and mineral processing operations
3.16.	Saco Systems tagged 100 000 ostriches with radio frequency identification chips for The Klein Karoo Cooperative (offloading)
3.17.	Handheld terminals are used by veterinary technicians to "read" the tag of each ostrich for inoculation and other important historical information
3.18.	Reindeer
4.1.	The prime minister of Japan being served prepared sushi that is RFID tagged at HF for speedy payment and stocktaking
4.2.	Ham RFID tagged at HF at El Corte Ingles in Spain
4.3.	Great variety of UHF needed as suppliers wrest with technical problems
4.4.	Time temperature recording label, including printed battery, for monitoring food, medical supplies etc.
4.5.	Bioett Time Temperature Biosensor label
4.6.	Aims and objectives of foodSafe International
4.7.	RFID-enabled vending machine
4.8.	Campofrio's concerned about security and the audit of the meat supply chain
4.9.	Tempsens® Temperature monitoring card
4.10.	i- Q8T & i-Q32T ILR Technology Transponders (UHF)
6.1.	Avian Breeding Colonies in the Columbia River Estuary USA
6.2.	The detector has been successful in locating tags in various terrain
6.3.	A white sturgeon from the lower Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada
7.1.	Experimental industrial greenhouse with USN
7.2.	Trucks of pistachios enter the scale house.
7.3.	Paramount Farms of Los Angeles
7.4.	RFID readers identify the trucks automatically
7.5.	Staff gather data using handheld RFID scanners.
8.1.	Number of RFID tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.2.	Unit value in US cents of RFID tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.3.	Value in millions of dollars of RFID tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018
8.4.	Value in millions of dollars of RFID systems for food, animals and farming including tags by sector sold globally 2008-2018