1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Three Key Takeaways for the Automotive Radar Market |
1.2. | Introduction to Automotive Radar |
1.3. | Radar is a Key Part of Modern ADAS Features |
1.4. | The Key Radar-Enabled ADAS Features Are Ubiquitously Available in the Market |
1.5. | Adoption of Radar-Enabled ADAS Features in 2020, 2022, and 2023 |
1.6. | ADAS Applications Enabled by Front Radar |
1.7. | ADAS Applications Enabled by Side Radar |
1.8. | New Radar-Enabled ADAS Features |
1.9. | Some OEMs are Finding Alternatives to Radar |
1.10. | Tier-One Suppliers Also Have Radar-Free Alternatives for Key ADAS Features |
1.11. | Autonomous Vehicles Will Also Drive Radar Growth |
1.12. | Highly Autonomous Vehicles and Robotaxis Demand Many Radars per Vehicle |
1.13. | The Key Tier-One, Startup, and Tier-Two Radar Players |
1.14. | Best Funded Radar Start-Ups and Ones to Watch |
1.15. | Nearly US$1 Billion Invested into Automotive Radar Startups |
1.16. | Startups and Tier-Ones are Working on 4D Imaging Radars |
1.17. | The Radar Transceiver is One Key Area Where Innovation Is Happening |
1.18. | The Adoption of More Advanced Semiconductor Technology is a Key Part of the Advancements |
1.19. | Examples of 4D Imaging Radar Already on the Market |
1.20. | Known Deployments of 4D Imaging Radar in Consumer Vehicles |
1.21. | Automotive Radar Market Share and the Leading Tier Ones |
1.22. | The Addressable Market - Automotive Market by SAE Level 2020-2045 |
1.23. | Radar's Growth will be Driven by Autonomy and Safety - Units Forecast by SAE Level 2020-20245 |
1.24. | Radar Unit Sales in Key Regions Forecast - 2020-2045 |
1.25. | Automotive Radar Market Revenue to Reach Nearly US$20 in 20244 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Radar - Radio Detection and Ranging |
2.2. | Typical Sensor Suite for Autonomous Cars |
2.3. | Radar |
2.4. | Sensors and their Purpose |
2.5. | Where does Radar Sit in the Sensor Trio? |
2.6. | ADAS Adoption by Region in 2023 |
2.7. | SAE Levels of Automation in Cars |
2.8. | Functions of Autonomous Driving at Different Levels |
2.9. | Level 2, Level 2+, and Level 3 |
2.10. | Summary of the Privately Owned Car Market - Level 3 is Happening Slowly, Level 2+ is Happening Now |
2.11. | Level 3 is Harder |
2.12. | NHTSA AEB 2029 Update Creating a Boon for Radar |
2.13. | AEB Required for Top NCAP Scores |
2.14. | Typical Sensor Suites and the Purpose of Each Sensor |
2.15. | Quantity of Sensors per Car - Level 2 |
2.16. | Sensors per Vehicle: Level 3 and Above |
2.17. | Radar Anatomy |
2.18. | Radar Key Components |
2.19. | Primary Radar Components - The Antenna |
2.20. | Primary Radar Components - the RF Transceiver |
2.21. | Primary Radar Components - MCU |
3. | REGULATIONS AND SAFETY DRIVERS FOR RADAR IN CONSUMER CARS |
3.1. | How Regulation Drives Adoption of Radar |
3.2. | Regulations on Level 3 and Level 2+ Deployment |
3.2.1. | Privately owned Autonomous Vehicles |
3.2.2. | Level 2+ could be a long-term middle-ground |
3.2.3. | Legislation and Autonomy |
3.2.4. | Overview of where autonomous cars are legal |
3.2.5. | Level 2+ starting to grow in Europe |
3.2.6. | Level 2+ rules and deployment in the US |
3.2.7. | Level 2+ deployment and level 3 testing in China |
3.2.8. | Level 3 roll out in Europe and Germany |
3.2.9. | UN Regulation No.157 2023 Update and Implementation |
3.2.10. | Level 3 roll out in Other European Countries |
3.2.11. | Level 3 Legislation in the US |
3.2.12. | Mercedes S-Class first level 3 car in US |
3.2.13. | Level 3, Legislation, China |
3.2.14. | Private autonomous vehicles in Japan |
3.3. | Enforcing Radar Adoption Through Regulation |
3.3.1. | Overview of Safety and Luxury ADAS Features in Passenger Vehicles |
3.3.2. | AEB Improving Vehicle Safety |
3.3.3. | EU Mandating Certain ADAS Features Since July 2022 |
3.3.4. | NHTSA AEB 2029 Update Creating a Boon for Radar |
3.3.5. | Regional NCAP Standards |
3.3.6. | Euro NCAP AEB Testing Scenarios |
3.3.7. | IIHS Pedestrian Front Crash Prevention |
3.3.8. | NCAP and Radars |
3.3.9. | Euro NCAP 2030 Vision and Impact on Radar Requirements |
3.3.10. | OEMs That Cover NCAP Scenarios in their Marketing |
3.3.11. | Tier-One Supplier NCAP Focused ADAS Products |
4. | CONSUMER CARS AND AUTOMOTIVE RADAR |
4.1. | Market Adoption of Key ADAS Features |
4.1.1. | ADAS Features and Radar |
4.1.2. | IDTechEx's ADAS Feature Database |
4.1.3. | ADAS Adoption by Region in 2023 |
4.1.4. | Radar-Enabled ADAS Feature Deployment in the US |
4.1.5. | Radar-Enabled ADAS Feature Deployment in the China |
4.1.6. | Radar-Enabled ADAS Feature Deployment in EU + UK + EFTA |
4.1.7. | ADAS Feature Deployment in Japan |
4.1.8. | Growth in Adoption of Radar-Enabled ADAS Features |
4.1.9. | New Radar-Enabled ADAS Features |
4.2. | Some Automakers Finding Alternatives to Radar |
4.2.1. | Why Ditch Radar? |
4.2.2. | Tier-One Suppliers of Radar Free ADAS |
4.2.3. | Tesla and Subaru |
4.2.4. | Tesla Re-Introducing Radar |
4.2.5. | Honda Joins Tesla and Subaru with Radar-Free ACC in 2023 |
4.2.6. | Fiat and Mazda previously used LiDAR for City AEB |
4.2.7. | Dacia and Peugeot using Ultrasonics for Blind Spot Detection |
4.2.8. | Nodar - A Camera-Based Alternative With Better Ranging |
4.3. | Examples of Level 2+ and Level 3 Vehicles, Plus Future Market Technologies |
4.3.1. | Higher Levels of Autonomy and Radar |
4.3.2. | Level 3 - Honda |
4.3.3. | Honda Sensing 360+ sensor suite |
4.3.4. | Mercedes S-Class and EQS |
4.3.5. | Mercedes S-class - Sensor Suite |
4.3.6. | BMW level 3 and level 2+ |
4.3.7. | BMW 7 Series and 5 Series Sensors |
4.3.8. | Tesla |
4.3.9. | Tesla's Hardware 4.0 |
4.3.10. | GM's Super Cruise |
4.3.11. | Vehicles with GM Super Cruise |
4.3.12. | Ford BlueCruise |
4.3.13. | Other US Level 2+ Systems |
4.3.14. | Availability of Level 2+ Systems is Growing |
4.3.15. | Chinese Stuck at Level 2 for Now |
4.3.16. | Chinese Sensor Suite Example - Li Auto L6 |
4.3.17. | Xpeng G9 |
4.3.18. | Arcfox Alpha S 2024 |
4.3.19. | Zeekr 001 |
4.3.20. | NIO ET7 |
4.3.21. | Leaders in the Market So Far |
4.3.22. | Future Level 2+ and Level 3 Systems - Mobileye |
4.3.23. | Future Level 2+ and Level 3 Systems - Qualcomm |
5. | AUTOMOTIVE RADAR FOR ROBOTAXIS |
5.1. | Robotaxis and Radar |
5.2. | State of development in 2024 |
5.3. | The big movers in 2024 |
5.4. | Waymo |
5.5. | Waymo Sensor Suite |
5.6. | Cruise |
5.7. | Cruise Sensor Suite |
5.8. | Zoox |
5.9. | Zoox Sensor Suite |
5.10. | AutoX |
5.11. | AutoX Sensor Suite |
5.12. | Baidu and Apollo |
5.13. | Baidu's Ground Up Robotaxi |
5.14. | Pony |
5.15. | Pony sensor suite |
5.16. | WeRide |
5.17. | Robotaxi Sensor Suite Analysis (1) |
5.18. | Robotaxi Sensor Suite Analysis (2) |
6. | RADAR PRODUCTS AND TRENDS: TIER-ONES, STARTUPS, AND TIER-TWOS |
6.1. | Introduction |
6.1.1. | Company Mapping |
6.2. | Tier One Radars |
6.2.1. | Continental's Flagship Radar and Opinion on High Channel Counts |
6.2.2. | Continental's Radar Product Portfolio |
6.2.3. | Bosch Flagship Radar and Pathway to High Channel Counts |
6.2.4. | Bosch's Radar Product Portfolio |
6.2.5. | Denso's Radar Product Portfolio |
6.2.6. | Aptiv's Seventh Generation Front and Side Radars |
6.2.7. | Aptiv's Radar Product Portfolio |
6.2.8. | Hella's Product Portfolio |
6.2.9. | ZF's Imaging Radar and Radar Product Portfolio |
6.2.10. | Valeo and Veoneer |
6.2.11. | Valeo's and Veoneer's Radar Product Portfolios |
6.2.12. | Magna |
6.2.13. | HiRain and Weifu |
6.2.14. | Others |
6.3. | Start-up Radars |
6.3.1. | Introduction |
6.3.2. | Table of Radar Start-ups |
6.3.3. | Best Funded Radar Start-Ups and Ones to Watch |
6.3.4. | Radar Investment over Time |
6.3.5. | Arbe |
6.3.6. | Uhnder |
6.3.7. | Oculii and Ambarella |
6.3.8. | Mobileye |
6.3.9. | Zendar |
6.3.10. | Xavveo - Radar Using Silicon Photonics |
6.4. | Tier-Two Products |
6.4.1. | Introduction to Transceivers |
6.4.2. | Reestablishment of Distributed Functionality |
6.4.3. | NXP |
6.4.4. | Texas Instruments |
6.4.5. | Infineon |
6.4.6. | Others |
6.4.7. | Transceiver Technology Trends |
6.5. | Radar Performance Trends |
6.5.1. | IDTechEx Radar Trends Primary Research Method |
6.5.2. | Radar Trends: Volume and Footprint |
6.5.3. | Radar Trends: Packaging and Performance |
6.5.4. | Radar Trends: Increasing Range |
6.5.5. | Radar Trends: Field of View |
6.5.6. | Trading FOV with Range |
6.5.7. | Radar Trends: Angular Resolution (lower is better) |
6.5.8. | Radar Trends: Virtual Channel Count |
6.5.9. | Radar Trends: Virtual Channels and Resolution |
6.5.10. | Radar's Limited Resolution |
6.5.11. | Approaches to Larger Channel Counts: Cascading |
6.5.12. | Approaches to Larger Channel Counts: Large Radar on Chip |
6.5.13. | Approaches to Larger Channel Counts: Discretization of Functions |
6.5.14. | Emerging Interest in Dynamic Range |
6.5.15. | Packaging and Integration Trends |
6.6. | Routes to 4D and Imaging Radar |
6.6.1. | Why 4D and Imaging Radars are Needed |
6.6.2. | Difference between 4D and 4D Imaging Radar |
6.6.3. | The Rayleigh Criterion |
6.6.4. | Option 1 - Increase the Operating Frequency |
6.6.5. | Option 2 - Larger Aperture, Zendar |
6.6.6. | Distributed Aperture SWOT Analysis |
6.6.7. | Plastic Omnium's Functionalized Bumper |
6.6.8. | Option 3 - Super-Resolution Software |
6.6.9. | Super-Resolution SWOT |
6.6.10. | Another Solution - Scanning |
6.6.11. | 194 - 4D Imaging Radar Examples |
6.6.12. | Deployments of 4D Imaging Radars |
7. | AUTOMOTIVE RADAR CONSTITUENT TECHNOLOGIES |
7.1. | Waveforms and MIMO |
7.1.1. | Introduction to Waveforms |
7.1.2. | Typical Performance with FMCW (single Tx/Rx) (1) |
7.1.3. | Typical Performance with FMCW (single Tx/Rx) (2) |
7.1.4. | Multiple Inputs, Multiple Outputs |
7.1.5. | Scaling up of MIMO |
7.1.6. | Oculii (acquired by Ambarella in 2021) |
7.1.7. | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing |
7.1.8. | Multiple Frequency Shift Key (MFSK) |
7.1.9. | Random/Noise/Digital Code Modulation |
7.1.10. | Uhnder - DCM MIMO Chip Developer |
7.2. | Frequency Trends |
7.2.1. | Which Way is Frequency Going? |
7.2.2. | Applications of Different Frequencies |
7.2.3. | Applications of Different Frequencies |
7.2.4. | Automotive Radar Frequency Trends |
7.2.5. | Which Parameters Limit the Achievable KPIs |
7.2.6. | The Significance of |
7.2.7. | Example of High Frequency Radar Imaging |
7.2.8. | Packaging Benefits |
7.2.9. | Ranging |
7.2.10. | Surface Ice Detection |
7.2.11. | Radar Imaging at 300GHz from Fraunhofer |
7.2.12. | Adoption Path of High Frequency Radars |
7.2.13. | Challenges and Hurdles for High Frequency Radar |
7.2.14. | Regulation |
7.3. | Radomes, Antennas, Materials and Board Trends |
7.3.1. | Importance of the Radome |
7.3.2. | Radome and Range |
7.3.3. | Ideal Radome Properties |
7.3.4. | Radome Shape Considerations |
7.3.5. | Preperm |
7.3.6. | Laird - Side Lobe Reduction Skirt Material |
7.3.7. | Radar Aesthetics, Form and Function |
7.3.8. | Other material considerations |
7.3.9. | Key Material Suppliers |
7.4. | Radar Material Selection and Benchmarking |
7.4.1. | Dielectric Constant: Benchmarking Different Substrate Technologies |
7.4.2. | Dielectric Constant: Stability vs Frequency for Different Organic Substrates |
7.4.3. | Dielectric Constant: Stability vs Frequency for Different Inorganic Substrates (LTCC, Glass) |
7.4.4. | Loss Tangent: Benchmarking Different Substrate Technologies |
7.4.5. | Loss Tangent: Stability vs Frequency For Different Substrates |
7.4.6. | Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent Stability: Behaviour at mmWave Frequencies and Higher |
7.4.7. | Temperature Stability of Dielectric Constant: Benchmarking Organic Substrates |
7.4.8. | Moisture Uptake: Benchmarking Different Substrate Technologies |
7.5. | Antennas |
7.5.1. | Antenna Design |
7.5.2. | Patch Array Design |
7.5.3. | Patch Array in Practice |
7.5.4. | Phased Array Antennas |
7.5.5. | Metawave - Analogue Beamforming/Beam Steering |
7.5.6. | Echodyne |
7.5.7. | Lunewave - 3D Printed Antenna |
7.5.8. | Waveguide Technologies |
7.5.9. | Gapwaves Multi-Layer Waveguide (MLW) |
7.5.10. | Waveguides in the Market |
7.5.11. | Antenna Miniaturisation |
7.5.12. | Packaging and Integration |
8. | RADAR MARKET, SUPPLIERS, SHARES, STRUCTURE, CHANGES |
8.1. | Availability of ADAS |
8.2. | Adoption of ADAS Driving Radar Growth |
8.3. | Level 3 Vehicles and Further Radar Adoption |
8.4. | Tier One Market Share by Volume - All Radars |
8.5. | Tier One Market Share by Revenue - All Radar |
8.6. | Tier One Market Share by Volume - Front Radar |
8.7. | Top OEM Front Radar Choices |
8.8. | Front Radar Popularity by Region - US and EU + UK + EFTA |
8.9. | Tier One Market Share by Volume - Side Radar |
8.10. | Top OEM Side Radar Choices |
8.11. | Side Radar Popularity by Region - US and EU + UK + EFTA |
8.12. | Radar Model Age |
8.13. | Most Popular Radar Models in US |
8.14. | Most popular radar models in EU + UK + EFTA |
9. | FORECASTS |
9.1. | Methodology - Autonomous Vehicles Report and Total Number of Radars |
9.2. | Methodology - Technology Splits |
9.3. | Addressable Market - Global Vehicle Sales and Peak Car by Region 2019-2045 |
9.4. | Global Vehicle Sales and Peak Car by SAE Level 2022-2045 |
9.5. | Forecasting Method: Sensors and Radar Technologies |
9.6. | Radar Unit Sales by SAE Level Forecast - 2020-2045 |
9.7. | Radar Unit Sales by Region Forecast - 2020-2045 |
9.8. | Radar Sales Revenue Forecast by SAE Level 2020-2045 |
9.9. | Radar Unit Sales Forecast in the US by SAE Level 2020-2045 |
9.10. | Radar Unit Sales Forecast in China by SAE Level 2020-2045 |
9.11. | Radar Unit Sales Forecast in EU + UK + EFTA by SAE Level 2020-2045 |
9.12. | Radar Unit Sales Forecast in Japan by SAE Level 2020-2045 |
9.13. | Short-Range Radar Forecast by Virtual Channels 2020-2044 |
9.14. | Long-Range Radar Forecast by Virtual Channels 2020-2044 |
9.15. | Radar Sales Proportionally by Frequency 2020-2045 |
9.16. | Radar Sales Proportionally by Semiconductor Technology 2020-2045 |
9.17. | Low-Loss Material Market Forecast for Automotive Radar 2020-2045 |
10. | COMPANY PROFILES |