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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Global plastics production to grow to 485 Mt in 2028 |
1.2. | The range of biobased monomers |
1.3. | Defining "biobased polymers" |
1.4. | The four drivers for substitution |
1.5. | Drivers and restraints of market growth |
1.6. | The price of oil affects the size of the Green Premium |
1.7. | Reduced carbon dioxide emissions directives |
1.8. | Feedstock competition: food or fuel (or plastics)? |
1.9. | The filthy five: curbing single use plastics |
1.10. | Are biodegradable plastics the solution? |
1.11. | A rapidly growing but uncertain technology |
2. | INTRODUCTION: BIOBASED POLYMERS |
2.1. | Scope of the report |
2.2. | Glossary: common acronyms for reference |
2.3. | Key terms and definitions |
2.4. | Navigating biobased polymers from monosaccharides |
2.5. | Navigating biobased polymers from vegetable oils |
2.6. | Defining "biobased polymers" |
2.7. | The range of available biobased monomers |
2.8. | Social, economic and environmental megatrends |
2.9. | A rapidly growing but uncertain technology |
2.10. | Global supply of plastics has grown exponentially |
2.11. | Environmental costs: the rising tide of plastic pollution |
2.12. | Biobased value add: The Green Premium... |
2.13. | ...versus the price of Brent Crude |
2.14. | The four drivers for substitution |
3. | INTRODUCTION: ENGINEERING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS |
3.1. | The Design and Engineering of Biological Systems |
3.2. | Manipulating the Central Dogma |
3.3. | The Scope of Synthetic Biology is Vast |
3.4. | Cell Factories for Biomanufacturing: A Range of Organisms |
3.5. | The Techniques and Tools of Synthetic Biology |
3.6. | DNA Synthesis |
3.7. | Gene Editing |
3.8. | What Exactly is CRISPR-Cas9? |
3.9. | Strain Construction and Optimization |
3.10. | Framework for Developing Industrial Microbial Strains |
3.11. | The Problem with Scale |
4. | NATURALLY OCCURRING BIOBASED POLYMERS |
5. | POLYSACCHARIDES |
5.1. | What is "nanocellulose"? |
5.2. | Nanocellulose up close |
5.3. | CelluForce |
5.4. | BioPlus by American Process |
5.5. | The Exilva project |
5.6. | Manufacturing thermoplastic starch |
5.7. | Plantic |
5.8. | Seaweed extracts as a packaging material |
5.9. | Loliware |
5.10. | Ooho! by Skipping Rocks Lab |
5.11. | Evoware |
6. | PROTEINS |
6.1. | Spider Silk Without Spiders |
6.2. | Manufacturing synthetic spider silk |
6.3. | Applications for Spider Silk |
6.4. | Bolt Threads |
6.5. | Spiber |
6.6. | Kraig Biocraft Laboratories |
7. | POLYESTERS |
7.1. | Introduction to poly(hydroxyalkanoates) |
7.2. | Suppliers of PHAs |
7.3. | PHAs: microstructures and properties |
7.4. | Biosynthetic pathways to PHAs |
7.5. | Fermentation, recovery and purification |
7.6. | Applications and opportunities for PHAs |
8. | SYNTHETIC BIOBASED POLYMERS |
9. | POLYESTERS: POLY(LACTIDE) |
9.1. | Introduction to poly(lactide) |
9.2. | Lactic acid: bacterial fermentation or chemical synthesis? |
9.3. | Optimal lactic acid bacteria strains for fermentation |
9.4. | Engineering yeast strains for lactic acid fermentation |
9.5. | Fermentation, recovery and purification |
9.6. | Polymerisation of lactide and microstructures of PLA |
9.7. | Suppliers of lactide and poly(lactide) |
9.8. | Current and future applications of poly(lactide) |
9.9. | Opportunities in the lifecycle of PLA |
10. | POLYESTERS: OTHER POLYESTERS |
10.1. | Introduction to polyesters from diacids and diols |
10.2. | The range of available biobased polyesters in 2018 |
10.3. | Biobased polyester suppliers |
10.4. | Biobased MEG and PET: monomer production |
10.5. | Biobased MEG and PET: polymer applications |
10.6. | Biobased PDO and PTT: monomer production |
10.7. | Biobased PDO and PTT: polymer applications |
10.8. | Biobased BDO and PBT: monomer production |
10.9. | Biobased BDO and PBT: polymer applications |
10.10. | Biobased succinic acid and PBS: monomer production |
10.11. | Biobased succinic acid and PBS: polymer applications |
10.12. | Biobased furfural compounds: 5-HMF |
10.13. | Biobased FDCA and PEF: monomer production |
10.14. | Biobased FDCA and PEF: polymer applications |
10.15. | Biobased TPA for PET, PEIT, PTT and PBAT polymers |
11. | POLYAMIDES |
11.1. | Introduction to biobased polyamides |
11.2. | Range of available biobased monomers and polyamides |
11.3. | Biobased monomer and polyamide suppliers |
11.4. | C6: adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and caprolactam |
11.5. | C10: sebacic acid and decamethylenediamine |
11.6. | C11: 11-aminoundecanoic acid |
11.7. | C12: Dodecanedioic acid |
11.8. | Polyamide properties, applications and opportunities |
12. | OTHER POLYMERS |
12.1. | Other biobased polymers |
12.2. | Polyester polyols, polyurethanes and polyisocyanates |
12.3. | Cargill: vegetable oil derived polyols |
12.4. | Myriant: succinic acid based polyester polyols |
12.5. | Covestro and Reverdia: Impranil eco Succinic acid based polyester polyols |
12.6. | BASF: Sovermol 830 Castor oil derived polyether-ester polyol |
12.7. | Covestro: PDI and Desmodur eco N 7300 polyisocyanurate |
12.8. | Biobased polyolefins |
12.9. | Braskem: I'm green Polyethylene |
12.10. | Biobased isosorbide as a comonomer |
12.11. | Roquette: POLYSORB isosorbide |
12.12. | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: Durabio |
13. | MARKET TRENDS AND ANALYSIS |
13.1. | The price of oil affects the size of the Green Premium |
13.2. | Reduced carbon dioxide emissions directives |
13.3. | Feedstock competition: food or fuel (or plastics)? |
13.4. | The filthy five: curbing single use plastics |
13.5. | Are biodegradable plastics the solution? |
13.6. | Global plastics production to grow to 485 Mt in 2028 |
13.7. | Biobased polymers: forecast production capacity by material |
13.8. | Regional production forecast 2018-2023 |
13.9. | Drivers and restraints of market growth |
Slides | 137 |
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Forecasts to | 2023 |