Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2026-2036: Technologies, Materials, Markets, and Forecasts
Global markets for electric vehicle motors. Motor technology, materials, rare-earth reduction, axial flux, in-wheel, thermal management, benchmarking, and suppliers. Granular regional forecasts. Cars, micro-EVs, buses, vans, and trucks.
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Electric motors truly are the driving force behind electric vehicles (EVs). In addition to the batteries and power electronics, the electric motor is a critical component within the drivetrain. Despite electric traction motors originally being developed in the 1800s, the market is still evolving today with new designs, improving power and torque density and more considerations around the materials used. These aren't just incremental improvements either, with developments such as axial flux motors and various OEMs eliminating rare-earths altogether.
This report from IDTechEx on Electric Vehicle Motors 2026-2036 details OEM strategies, trends, and emerging technologies within the motor market for EVs. An extensive model database of over 700 EV model variants sold between 2015-2024 in several geographic regions aids in a granular market analysis of motor type, performance, thermal management, and market shares. Technologies and strategies of major OEMs are considered for cars, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, microcars, light commercial vehicles (vans), trucks, and buses along with several use-cases and benchmarking of several motor units. Emerging technologies are also addressed with market forecasts through to 2036 such as axial flux and in-wheel motors. Motor requirements and use cases are detailed for eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing) and eCTOL (electric conventional take-off and landing) aircraft as a much earlier stage market, with demanding performance characteristics.
IDTechEx analyses key parameters of motors in BEVs and emerging alternatives. Source: "Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2026-2036"
Materials and Rare-earths
A key consideration for the EV motor market is that of magnetic materials. From 2015-2024 the share of permanent magnet (PM) motors in the electric car market remained consistently above 75%. Rare-earth magnets continue to be a concern in 2025 due to their supply chain being constrained to China and the historic price volatility. To avoid these concerns, several European OEMs have opted for magnet free designs including Renault and BMWs adoption of wound rotor motors and Audi's use of induction motors. In 2023, Tesla announced its next generation motor would be a PM machine without rare-earths, further bringing the focus to alternative magnetic materials such as ferrite magnets and the challenges they pose to mass adoption. Magnet prices settled in 2023 after a peak in 2021/2022 pushing rare earth free designs somewhat away from the fore, but the volatility continued into 2025 with export restrictions and continued geopolitical tensions meaning the use of rare earths continues to be a primary topic.
In this report, IDTechEx provides an analysis of magnet free motor designs, routes to rare-earth reduction, and options for alternative magnetic materials. IDTechEx predicts that PM motors will remain the dominant form of motor (especially with China's dominance in the EV market), but there will be further reductions in rare-earths per motor and alternative magnetic materials making greater progress in the market.
The vast majority of the car market is using permanent magnet motors. Source: "Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2026-2036"
Axial Flux and In-wheel Motors as Emerging Options
In addition to the traditional on-board radial flux motors in EVs, there are two emerging alternatives that have gained a lot of interest but are at early stages of market adoption, namely axial flux and in-wheel motors.
In axial flux motors the magnetic flux is parallel to the axis of rotation (compared to perpendicular in radial flux machines). The benefits of axial flux motors include increased power and torque density and a pancake form factor ideal for integration in various scenarios. Despite the previous lack of adoption, the technology has evolved to market integration. Daimler acquired key player YASA to use its motors in the upcoming AMG electric platform and Renault has partnered with WHYLOT to use axial flux motors in its hybrids. Chinese players are also showing developments in axial flux with Voyah showcasing an axial flux drive unit.
In-wheel motors made it into some on-road vehicles such as a limited quantity of Lordstown trucks. However, most automotive projects stated to use in-wheel motors so far have run into financial troubles. Despite this, key progress was made by Protean where Dongfeng demonstrated the first homologated passenger car with ProteanDrive (in-wheel motor platform) in 2023 and is following this with fleet testing.
IDTechEx expects a large increase in demand for axial flux and in-wheel motors for certain vehicle categories, but does not predict they will displace the traditional on-board radial flux machines in the near future. This report carries out performance and market analysis of emerging motor technologies with players, adoption, and 10 year market forecasts.
Key Aspects
Analysis of the electric motor markets in BEVs, PHEVs and HEVs across cars, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, microcars, light commercial vehicles (vans), trucks, buses, eVTOL, and eCTOL including:
- Benchmarking different motor types/topologies
- OEM strategies
- EV industry trends and the impact on electric motors
- Trends in motor design
- Emerging motor technologies and benchmarking: axial flux, in-wheel, and switched reluctance
- Materials utilization: magnets (including rare earths) and windings (round or hairpin)
- Thermal management of electric motors
- EV use-cases and benchmarking
- Supply relationships between OEMs and tier 1s
- Company profiles including interviews
10 Year Market Forecasts & Analysis:
- Automotive electric motor forecast 2015-2036 (regional): China, Europe, US and rest of world (units, kW)
- Automotive electric motor forecast 2015-2036 (drivetrain): BEV, PHEV and HEV (units, kW)
- Automotive electric motor forecast 2015-2036 (motor type): alternating current induction motor (ACIM), permanent magnet (PM), wound rotor synchronous motor (WRSM), permanent magnet rare earth free, other rare earth free, axial flux (units)
- Automotive electric motor value forecast (drivetrain): BEV, PHEV and HEV (US$)
- Micro-EV motor forecast: two-wheelers (<4 kW and >4 kW), three-wheelers (<4 kW and >4 kW), microcars (units, kW, and US$)
- Electric light commercial vehicle (van) motor forecast: BEV & PHEV (units, kW, and US$)
- Electric truck motor forecast: medium- and heavy-duty BEV & PHEV (units, kW, and US$)
- Electric bus motor forecast: BEV & PHEV (units, kW, and US$)
- Automotive HEV motor forecast: China, Europe, US, Japan, South Korea and rest of world (units, kW)
- Automotive axial flux motor forecast (units)
- In-wheel motors forecast (units)
- Materials for motor magnets forecast split into elements (tonnes)
- Forecast for aluminum, copper, and steel (tonnes)
| Report Metrics | Details |
|---|---|
| Historic Data | 2015 - 2024 |
| CAGR | The global market for electric motors grows at a CAGR of 7.7% between 2024 and 2036 with much larger growth in commercial sectors. |
| Forecast Period | 2025 - 2036 |
| Forecast Units | units, kW, US$ |
| Regions Covered | Worldwide, Europe, United States, China |
| Segments Covered | Cars, light commercial vehicles (vans), trucks, buses, two-wheelers, three-wheelers, microcars |
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Further information
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 1.2. | Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers |
| 1.3. | Motor Type Market Share Forecast 2015-2036 |
| 1.4. | Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars |
| 1.5. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, regional) |
| 1.6. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 1.7. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, motor type) |
| 1.8. | Micro EV Types |
| 1.9. | Motors in Electric Three-Wheelers and Microcars |
| 1.10. | Types of Motors in Micro EVs |
| 1.11. | Hub Motors vs. Mid-Drive Motors |
| 1.12. | Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2023-2036 (units, vehicle type) |
| 1.13. | IDTechEx LCV Segmentation |
| 1.14. | eLCV Motors Match ICE Performance |
| 1.15. | PM Motors Are Dominant Worldwide |
| 1.16. | LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 1.17. | BEV and FCEV M&HD Trucks: Weight vs Motor Power |
| 1.18. | Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 1.19. | Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 1.20. | Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements |
| 1.21. | Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 1.22. | Bus Categories and Electrification |
| 1.23. | Motor Mounting - Central or Axle Mounted |
| 1.24. | Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 1.25. | eAxle for Commercial Vehicle Benchmarking: Torque and GAWR |
| 1.26. | eVTOL Motor Sizing |
| 1.27. | Overview of Plane Types Energy and Power Requirements |
| 1.28. | Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 1.29. | Player Benchmark of Axial Flux Motors Power and Torque Density |
| 1.30. | Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units) |
| 1.31. | In-wheel Motors Production Forecast 2021-2036 (units) |
| 1.32. | Motor Type Power Density Benchmark |
| 1.33. | Average and Range of Power and Torque Density by Motor Type |
| 1.34. | Max Speed and Power Density |
| 1.35. | OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 1.36. | Evolution of Motor Windings |
| 1.37. | Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares |
| 1.38. | BEV Motor Stator Copper Content Benchmarking |
| 1.39. | Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 1.40. | Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast 2015-2036 (units) |
| 1.41. | OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) |
| 1.42. | OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) |
| 1.43. | Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) |
| 1.44. | Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) |
| 1.45. | Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2036 (units) |
| 1.46. | Access More With an IDTechEx Subscription |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Electric Vehicles: Basic Principle |
| 2.2. | Electric Vehicle Definitions |
| 2.3. | Drivetrain Specifications |
| 2.4. | Parallel and Series Hybrids: Explained |
| 2.5. | Electric Motors |
| 3. | TYPES OF ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR AND BENCHMARKING |
| 3.1.1. | Electric Traction Motor Types |
| 3.1.2. | Summary of Traction Motor Types |
| 3.1.3. | Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors |
| 3.1.4. | Peak vs Continuous Properties |
| 3.1.5. | Peak vs Continuous Performance Benchmarking of 101 Motors: Power |
| 3.1.6. | Peak vs Continuous Performance Benchmarking of 65 Motors: Torque |
| 3.1.7. | Efficiency |
| 3.1.8. | Brushless DC Motors (BLDC): Working Principle |
| 3.1.9. | BLDC Motors: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.10. | BLDC Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.11. | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.12. | PMSM: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.13. | PMSM: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.14. | Differences Between PMSM and BLDC |
| 3.1.15. | Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor (WRSM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.16. | Renault's Magnet Free Motor |
| 3.1.17. | Rotor Power Transfer: Brushes vs Wireless |
| 3.1.18. | WRSM Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.19. | WRSM: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.20. | AC Induction Motors (ACIM): Working Principle |
| 3.1.21. | AC Induction Motor (ACIM) |
| 3.1.22. | AC Induction Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.23. | AC Induction Motor: Advantages, Disadvantages |
| 3.1.24. | Reluctance Motors |
| 3.1.25. | Reluctance Motor: Working Principle |
| 3.1.26. | Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) |
| 3.1.27. | Switched Reluctance Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.28. | Permanent Magnet Assisted Reluctance (PMAR) |
| 3.1.29. | PMAR Motors: Benchmarking Scores |
| 3.1.30. | Contributions from Reluctance and Interaction Torque |
| 3.1.31. | Regeneration |
| 3.2. | Electric Traction Motors: Summary and Benchmarking Results |
| 3.2.1. | Comparison of Traction Motor Construction and Merits |
| 3.2.2. | Motor Efficiency Comparison |
| 3.2.3. | Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors |
| 3.2.4. | Multiple Motors: Explained |
| 4. | MOTOR MARKET IN ELECTRIC CARS |
| 4.1. | BEV and PHEV Motor Type Market Share by Region 2015-2024 |
| 4.2. | Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers |
| 4.3. | Motor Type Market Share Forecast 2015-2036 |
| 4.4. | Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars |
| 4.5. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, regional) |
| 4.6. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 4.7. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, motor type) |
| 4.8. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2036 (kW, regional) |
| 4.9. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2036 (kW, drivetrain) |
| 4.10. | Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2036 (US$, drivetrain) |
| 5. | MICROMOBILITY |
| 5.1. | Introduction to Micro EVs |
| 5.2. | Micro EV Types |
| 5.3. | Comparison of Micro EV Segments |
| 5.4. | Asia as the Home of the Three-Wheeler |
| 5.5. | Electric Two-wheeler Classification |
| 5.6. | Electric Two-wheelers: Power Classes |
| 5.7. | Motor Technologies in Two-wheelers |
| 5.8. | Indian Electric Two-wheeler OEMs |
| 5.9. | Electric Two-Wheelers Power by Region |
| 5.10. | Electric Two-Wheelers Motor Power |
| 5.11. | The Role of Three-Wheelers |
| 5.12. | Three-Wheeler Classification |
| 5.13. | China and India: Major Three-wheeler Markets |
| 5.14. | India E3W Example Models |
| 5.15. | Chinese E3W Example Models |
| 5.16. | Three-Wheelers Outside China & India |
| 5.17. | eAxles for 3 Wheelers |
| 5.18. | Microcars: The Goldilocks of Urban EVs |
| 5.19. | Examples of Microcars by Region |
| 5.20. | Motors in Electric Three-Wheelers and Microcars |
| 5.21. | Types of Motors in Micro EVs |
| 5.22. | Hub Motors vs. Mid-Drive Motors |
| 5.23. | Micromobility Motor Manufacturers |
| 5.24. | Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2023-2036 (units, vehicle type) |
| 5.25. | Micromobility Research |
| 6. | ELECTRIC LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (ELCV) |
| 6.1. | Introduction to Electric LCVs |
| 6.2. | Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) |
| 6.3. | IDTechEx LCV Segmentation |
| 6.4. | Regional LCV Sales |
| 6.5. | Electric LCVs: Drivers and Barriers |
| 6.6. | Specifications of Popular Electric LCVs in Europe |
| 6.7. | Specifications of Popular Electric LCVs in China |
| 6.8. | Motors Used in eLCVs |
| 6.9. | Evolution of Motor Power |
| 6.10. | eLCV Motors Match ICE Performance |
| 6.11. | PM Motors Are Dominant Worldwide |
| 6.12. | Known Tier 1 Relationships for eLCVs |
| 6.13. | OEMs Moving Motor Development In-House |
| 6.14. | LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 6.15. | Light Commercial Vehicle Research |
| 7. | ELECTRIC TRUCKS |
| 7.1. | Trucks are Capital Goods |
| 7.2. | Zero Emission Trucks: Drivers and Barriers |
| 7.3. | Regional Model Availability 2021-2024 |
| 7.4. | BEV and FCEV M&HD Trucks: Weight vs Motor Power |
| 7.5. | Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 7.6. | Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power |
| 7.7. | Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements |
| 7.8. | Integrated e-Axle Space Advantage |
| 7.9. | AVL |
| 7.10. | Allison Transmission eGen Power e-Axles |
| 7.11. | BorgWarner |
| 7.12. | Dana E-Axles |
| 7.13. | Dana TM4 |
| 7.14. | Danfoss Editron |
| 7.15. | Detroit eAxles |
| 7.16. | FPT Truck Motors |
| 7.17. | Accelera eAxles |
| 7.18. | Linamar Corporation eAxles |
| 7.19. | Meritor 14Xe Electric Drivetrain |
| 7.20. | Volvo Driveline |
| 7.21. | ZF Central Drive |
| 7.22. | Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 7.23. | Electric Truck Research |
| 8. | ELECTRIC BUSES |
| 8.1. | Bus Categories and Electrification |
| 8.2. | Overview of Bus Types and Specific Challenges to Electrification |
| 8.3. | Options for Reduced Emissions Buses |
| 8.4. | Electric Buses - a Global Outlook |
| 8.5. | Motor Mounting - Central or Axle Mounted |
| 8.6. | Electric Bus Motor Types |
| 8.7. | Motor Benchmarking and Metrics for Buses |
| 8.8. | Traction Motors of Choice for Electric Buses |
| 8.9. | Motor Suppliers - Overview |
| 8.10. | Convergence on PM |
| 8.11. | Motor OEM Supply Relationships |
| 8.12. | Dana TM4 |
| 8.13. | Equipmake - Motors for Retrofitting |
| 8.14. | Siemens/Cummins ACCELERA |
| 8.15. | Traktionssysteme Austria (TSA) |
| 8.16. | Voith |
| 8.17. | Voith - Central Motors Only |
| 8.18. | ZF Group - AxTrax and CeTrax |
| 8.19. | ZF Group - New AxTrax and CeTrax Shift to PM Motors |
| 8.20. | Volvo Electric Buses |
| 8.21. | Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 8.22. | Electric Bus Research |
| 9. | HEV DRIVE TECHNOLOGY |
| 9.1. | HEV Car Manufacturers |
| 9.2. | Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System |
| 9.3. | Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System |
| 9.4. | Honda |
| 9.5. | Honda's 2 Motor Hybrid System |
| 9.6. | Nissan Note e-POWER |
| 9.7. | Hyundai Sonata Hybrid |
| 9.8. | Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2010 |
| 9.9. | Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2017 |
| 9.10. | Comparison of Hybrid MGs |
| 9.11. | Global HEV Car Motor/Generator Trends |
| 9.12. | HEV Car MGs Trends and Assumptions |
| 9.13. | Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2036 (units, kW) |
| 9.14. | High Voltage Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research |
| 10. | ELECTRIC AVIATION |
| 10.1. | eVTOL Motor Requirements |
| 10.1.1. | eVTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements |
| 10.1.2. | eVTOL Aircraft Motor Power Sizing |
| 10.1.3. | eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate |
| 10.1.4. | eVTOL Power Requirement |
| 10.1.5. | eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate |
| 10.1.6. | Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion |
| 10.1.7. | eVTOL Number of Electric Motors |
| 10.1.8. | Motor Sizing |
| 10.2. | eCTOL Motor Requirements |
| 10.2.1. | eCTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements |
| 10.2.2. | Overview of Plane Types Energy and Power Requirements |
| 10.2.3. | Typical Airplane Engines |
| 10.2.4. | Airplane Engines Power and Weight |
| 10.2.5. | Turbofan Power Estimations |
| 10.2.6. | Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion |
| 10.2.7. | Challenges in Building a 100MW Electric Propulsion Unit |
| 10.3. | Electric Motors for Aviation: Players |
| 10.3.1. | Ascendance |
| 10.3.2. | Airbus and Toshiba: superconducting engine |
| 10.3.3. | Collins - Aerospace Suppliers Working on Motor Products |
| 10.3.4. | Duxion is Reinventing the Motor to Replace Turbofans |
| 10.3.5. | EMRAX |
| 10.3.6. | ePropelled |
| 10.3.7. | Evolito |
| 10.3.8. | H3X |
| 10.3.9. | MAGicALL |
| 10.3.10. | magniX |
| 10.3.11. | MGM COMPRO |
| 10.3.12. | Nidec Aerospace |
| 10.3.13. | Rolls-Royce / Siemens |
| 10.3.14. | Rolls-Royce / Siemens |
| 10.3.15. | SAFRAN |
| 10.3.16. | Wright Electric's High Power-to-Weight Motor |
| 10.3.17. | ZeroAvia |
| 10.3.18. | Other Player Examples |
| 10.3.19. | Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 10.3.20. | Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation |
| 10.3.21. | eCTOL and eVTOL Research |
| 11. | EMERGING MOTOR TECHNOLOGIES |
| 11.1. | Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.1. | Radial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.2. | Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.3. | Radial Flux vs Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.4. | Yoked vs Yokeless Axial Flux |
| 11.1.5. | Challenges with Axial Flux Thermal Management |
| 11.1.6. | List of Axial Flux Motor Players |
| 11.1.7. | Beyond Motors |
| 11.1.8. | AVID Acquired by Turntide |
| 11.1.9. | EMRAX |
| 11.1.10. | Elemental Motors |
| 11.1.11. | Emil Motors |
| 11.1.12. | Infinitum Electric: Printed PCB Stator |
| 11.1.13. | Lamborghini |
| 11.1.14. | Koenigsegg - raxial flux |
| 11.1.15. | Magnax |
| 11.1.16. | Traxial (a Magnax company) |
| 11.1.17. | Magelec Propulsion |
| 11.1.18. | Saietta |
| 11.1.19. | Tresa Motors |
| 11.1.20. | WHYLOT |
| 11.1.21. | WHYLOT and Renault |
| 11.1.22. | YASA Axial Flux Motors |
| 11.1.23. | YASA and Koenigsegg |
| 11.1.24. | YASA and Ferrari |
| 11.1.25. | Lamborghini 634 - V8 with Axial Flux |
| 11.1.26. | Daimler Acquires YASA |
| 11.1.27. | Mercedes Vision One Eleven Concept |
| 11.1.28. | China's Growing Axial Flux Presence |
| 11.1.29. | Commercial Axial Flux Motors Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 11.1.30. | Player Benchmark of Axial Flux Motors Power and Torque Density |
| 11.1.31. | Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units) |
| 11.2. | In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.1. | In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.2. | Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.3. | Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.4. | Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.5. | Conifer |
| 11.2.6. | DeepDrive |
| 11.2.7. | Donut Lab |
| 11.2.8. | Elaphe |
| 11.2.9. | Ferrari |
| 11.2.10. | Gem Motors |
| 11.2.11. | Hitachi |
| 11.2.12. | Hyundai Mobis |
| 11.2.13. | Nidec |
| 11.2.14. | Orbis Electric |
| 11.2.15. | Protean Electric |
| 11.2.16. | REE Automotive |
| 11.2.17. | Renault and Alpine Using In-wheel Motors |
| 11.2.18. | VW Considering In-wheel? |
| 11.2.19. | Schaeffler |
| 11.2.20. | Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors |
| 11.3. | Axial Flux for In-wheel Motors |
| 11.3.1. | In-wheel Motors Production Forecast 2021-2036 (units) |
| 11.3.2. | Axial Flux and In-wheel Motors Benchmarking Against BEV Motors |
| 11.3.3. | Motor Type Power Density Benchmark |
| 11.3.4. | Motor Type Torque Density Benchmark |
| 11.3.5. | Average and Range of Power and Torque Density by Motor Type |
| 11.3.6. | Max Speed and Power Density |
| 11.4. | Overcoming Issues with Switched Reluctance Motors |
| 11.4.1. | Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) |
| 11.4.2. | No Permanent Magnets for SRMs |
| 11.4.3. | Advanced Electric Machines (AEM): Commercial Vehicles |
| 11.4.4. | AEM and Bentley |
| 11.4.5. | Enedym |
| 11.4.6. | RETORQ Motors |
| 11.4.7. | Punch Powertrain |
| 11.4.8. | Turntide Technologies |
| 11.4.9. | Switched Reluctance Players for EVs |
| 11.5. | Other Manufacturing Developments |
| 11.5.1. | Future Technologies for Motor Production |
| 11.5.2. | Segmented Stators |
| 11.5.3. | Screen Printing Motor Laminations |
| 11.5.4. | Adding Graphene to Copper Windings |
| 12. | MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS |
| 12.1.1. | Which Materials are Required for Electric Motors? |
| 12.2. | Materials for Permanent Magnets |
| 12.2.1. | Magnetic Material Distribution in Rotors |
| 12.2.2. | ID4 vs Leaf vs Model 3 Rotors |
| 12.2.3. | Magnet Composition for Motors |
| 12.2.4. | Mining of Rare-Earth Metals |
| 12.2.5. | Regional market share of rare earth mining, processing, metallization, and magnet production |
| 12.2.6. | Historical price volatility and recent technology and material export restrictions fuel rare earth supply uncertainty |
| 12.2.7. | Rare Earth Magnets Supply Chain and Market |
| 12.2.8. | Volatility of EV Motor Materials |
| 12.2.9. | The Market Drive to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 12.2.10. | Soft Magnetic Materials for High Performance Motors |
| 12.3. | Rare Earth Reduction and Elimination |
| 12.3.1. | Europe's Move to Magnet Free Designs |
| 12.3.2. | Key Magnetic Properties and Challenges with Rare Earth Free Magnets |
| 12.3.3. | Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics |
| 12.3.4. | Tesla's Next Generation Motor |
| 12.3.5. | How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (1) |
| 12.3.6. | How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (2) |
| 12.3.7. | How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (3) |
| 12.3.8. | Rare Earth Reduction Progress in Japan |
| 12.3.9. | Motor Design to Reduce Rare Earths |
| 12.3.10. | India Moving from Rare Earths |
| 12.3.11. | Alternative Magnetic Materials |
| 12.3.12. | Alternative Magnetic Materials |
| 12.3.13. | Toyota's Neodymium Reduced Magnet |
| 12.3.14. | Niron Magnetics |
| 12.3.15. | Niron Funding and Partnerships |
| 12.3.16. | PASSENGER Rare Earth Free Magnets |
| 12.3.17. | Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium in Motors |
| 12.3.18. | Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium |
| 12.3.19. | Recycling Rare Earths |
| 12.3.20. | OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths |
| 12.4. | Rotor and Stator Windings |
| 12.4.1. | Aluminium vs Copper in Rotors |
| 12.4.2. | Round Wire vs Hairpins for Copper in Stators |
| 12.4.3. | Round Wire vs Hairpin vs Continuous Winding |
| 12.4.4. | Evolution of Motor Windings |
| 12.4.5. | The Many Types of Square Winding |
| 12.4.6. | Wave Winding |
| 12.4.7. | MG Motors (SAIC) |
| 12.4.8. | VW's MEB |
| 12.4.9. | Tesla |
| 12.4.10. | Round vs Hairpin Windings: OEMs |
| 12.4.11. | BEV Motor Stator Copper Content Benchmarking |
| 12.4.12. | Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares |
| 12.4.13. | A New Winding Format? |
| 12.4.14. | Aluminum vs Copper Windings |
| 12.4.15. | Compressed Aluminum Windings |
| 12.4.16. | Aluminum Windings: Players |
| 12.5. | Motor Materials Environmental Impact and Forecasts |
| 12.5.1. | Environmental Impact Introduction |
| 12.5.2. | Environmental Impact of Materials |
| 12.5.3. | Material Intensity for BEV Motors |
| 12.5.4. | Environmental Impact of Several BEV Motors |
| 12.5.5. | Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 12.5.6. | Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 12.5.7. | Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 13. | THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC MOTORS |
| 13.1.1. | Cooling Electric Motors |
| 13.2. | Motor Cooling Strategies |
| 13.2.1. | Air Cooling |
| 13.2.2. | Water-glycol Cooling |
| 13.2.3. | Oil Cooling |
| 13.2.4. | Electric Motor Thermal Management Overview |
| 13.2.5. | Motor Cooling Strategy by Power |
| 13.2.6. | Cooling Strategy by Motor Type |
| 13.2.7. | Cooling Technology: OEM strategies |
| 13.2.8. | Motor Cooling Strategy by Region (2015-2024) |
| 13.2.9. | Motor Cooling Strategy Market Share (2015-2024) |
| 13.2.10. | Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast 2015-2036 (units) |
| 13.2.11. | Alternate Cooling Structures |
| 13.2.12. | Cooling Through the Windings |
| 13.2.13. | Refrigerant Cooling |
| 13.2.14. | Two-phase Cooling in an Electric Motor (1) |
| 13.2.15. | Two-phase Cooling in an Electric Motor (2) |
| 13.2.16. | Immersion Cooling |
| 13.2.17. | Phase Change Materials |
| 13.2.18. | Reducing Heavy Rare Earths Through Thermal Management |
| 13.3. | Motor Insulation and Encapsulation |
| 13.3.1. | Impregnation and Encapsulation |
| 13.3.2. | Potting and Encapsulation: Players |
| 13.3.3. | Challenges Insulating 800V Motors |
| 13.3.4. | PPSU as a PEEK Alternative |
| 13.3.5. | Benefits of PEEK and PAEK |
| 13.3.6. | Axalta - Motor Insulation |
| 13.3.7. | Eaton - Nanocomposite PEEK Insulation |
| 13.3.8. | Elantas - Insulation Systems for 800V Motors |
| 13.3.9. | SABIC - 800V Motor Insulation |
| 13.3.10. | Solvay - PEEK Insulation |
| 13.3.11. | Insulating Hairpin Windings |
| 13.4. | PEEK Motor Insulation |
| 13.4.1. | Benefits of PEEK and PAEK |
| 13.4.2. | Bekaert - PEEK Insulation |
| 13.4.3. | Eaton - Nanocomposite PEEK Insulation |
| 13.4.4. | Solvay - PEEK Insulation |
| 13.4.5. | Syensqo PEEK Motor Insulation |
| 13.4.6. | Victrex - PEEK Motor Insulation |
| 13.4.7. | When Should PEEK be Used? |
| 14. | EV MOTORS: OEM USE-CASES AND SUPPLY PARTNERSHIPS |
| 14.1.1. | OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) |
| 14.1.2. | OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) |
| 14.1.3. | OEMs Moving to In-house Motor Development |
| 14.2. | Motor Examples |
| 14.2.1. | Aston Martin Valhalla (1) |
| 14.2.2. | Aston Martin Valhalla (2) |
| 14.2.3. | Audi e-tron |
| 14.2.4. | Audi e-tron |
| 14.2.5. | Audi Q4 e-tron |
| 14.2.6. | Audi Premium Platform Electric (PPE) |
| 14.2.7. | BMW i3 2016 |
| 14.2.8. | BMW 5th Gen Drive (Jaguar) |
| 14.2.9. | BMW 6th Gen |
| 14.2.10. | BYD e-Platform 3.0 |
| 14.2.11. | BYD >30,000rpm motor |
| 14.2.12. | Chara Technologies |
| 14.2.13. | Chevrolet Bolt Onwards (LG) |
| 14.2.14. | Equipmake |
| 14.2.15. | Ford Mustang Mach-E (BorgWarner and Magna) |
| 14.2.16. | GAC |
| 14.2.17. | GM Ultium Drive |
| 14.2.18. | Huawei |
| 14.2.19. | Hyundai E-GMP (BorgWarner) |
| 14.2.20. | IAV: Two-phase Cooling in an Electric Motor (1) |
| 14.2.21. | IAV: Two-phase Cooling in an Electric Motor (2) |
| 14.2.22. | InfiMotion |
| 14.2.23. | Jaguar I-PACE (AAM) |
| 14.2.24. | Lordstown Motors (Elaphe) |
| 14.2.25. | Lucid Air |
| 14.2.26. | IRP Systems |
| 14.2.27. | Magna's Latest eDrive |
| 14.2.28. | Mercedes EQ |
| 14.2.29. | Mercedes CLA |
| 14.2.30. | Nidec - Gen.2 drive |
| 14.2.31. | Nissan Ariya |
| 14.2.32. | Nissan Leaf |
| 14.2.33. | Porsche Taycan |
| 14.2.34. | Ricardo Rare Earth Free Drive Unit |
| 14.2.35. | Rimac Technology Drive Units |
| 14.2.36. | Rivian |
| 14.2.37. | Rivian In-house Motors |
| 14.2.38. | SAIC - Oil cooling system |
| 14.2.39. | Stellantis Shared Platform (Npe) |
| 14.2.40. | Tesla Induction Motor |
| 14.2.41. | Tesla PM Motor |
| 14.2.42. | Tesla's Carbon Wrapped Motor |
| 14.2.43. | Tesla Cybertruck |
| 14.2.44. | Toyota Prius 2004 to 2010 |
| 14.2.45. | UAES (Bosch) |
| 14.2.46. | Volvo's Motor Development |
| 14.2.47. | VW ID3/ID4 |
| 14.2.48. | VW APP550 |
| 14.2.49. | Zero Z-Force Powertrain |
| 14.2.50. | ZF |
| 14.2.51. | ZF SELECT Platform (1) |
| 14.2.52. | ZF SELECT Platform (2) |
| 14.3. | Tier 1 Wound Rotor Synchronous Motors/Externally Excited Synchronous Motors |
| 14.3.1. | BorgWarner's EESM Development |
| 14.3.2. | MAHLE |
| 14.3.3. | Schaeffler Wound Rotor Design |
| 14.3.4. | Vitesco |
| 14.3.5. | ZF |
| 14.4. | Supply Relationships |
| 14.4.1. | Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) |
| 14.4.2. | Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) |
| 14.4.3. | Allison Transmission - Anadolu Isuzu |
| 14.4.4. | Aisin Seiki, DENSO and Toyota Motor form BluE Nexus |
| 14.4.5. | BorgWarner Partnerships and Acquisitions (1) |
| 14.4.6. | BorgWarner Partnerships and Acquisitions (2) |
| 14.4.7. | Bosch |
| 14.4.8. | Continental |
| 14.4.9. | Dana Supply Relationships and Announcements |
| 14.4.10. | GKN Automotive |
| 14.4.11. | Lucid Supply Partnerships |
| 14.4.12. | Hitachi |
| 14.4.13. | Horse Powertrain |
| 14.4.14. | LG Electronics and Magna |
| 14.4.15. | Magna and Mercedes |
| 14.4.16. | Nidec |
| 14.4.17. | Mavel |
| 14.4.18. | Schaeffler |
| 14.4.19. | Valeo |
| 14.4.20. | Vitesco Technologies |
| 14.4.21. | Vitesco and Schaeffler Merger |
| 14.4.22. | Yamaha - Hypercar Electric Motor |
| 14.4.23. | ZF |
| 15. | EV MOTORS: OEM BENCHMARKING |
| 15.1. | Automotive |
| 15.1.1. | BEV Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.1.2. | BEV Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.1.3. | BEV Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 15.1.4. | EV Drive Unit Specification Summary |
| 15.2. | Commercial Vehicles |
| 15.2.1. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.2.2. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.2.3. | Commercial Vehicle Motors Power and Torque Density Benchmark |
| 15.2.4. | Commercial Vehicle Motor Specification Summary |
| 15.3. | Light Duty |
| 15.3.1. | Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking |
| 15.3.2. | Light Duty Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking |
| 15.3.3. | Light Duty Vehicle Motor Specification Summary |
| 15.4. | eAxles for Commercial Vehicles |
| 15.4.1. | eAxle for Commercial Vehicle Benchmarking: Torque and GAWR |
| 15.4.2. | eAxle for Commercial Vehicle Benchmarking: Power and Torque |
| 15.4.3. | eAxle Specification Summary |
| 16. | FORECASTS AND ASSUMPTIONS |
| 16.1. | Forecast Methodology & Assumptions |
| 16.2. | Motor Price Forecast and Assumptions |
| 16.3. | Average Motor Power 2024 by Vehicle Category (kW) |
| 16.4. | Motor per Vehicle and kW per Vehicle Assumptions |
| 16.5. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, regional) |
| 16.6. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.7. | Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2036 (units, motor type) |
| 16.8. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2036 (kW, regional) |
| 16.9. | Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2036 (kW, drivetrain) |
| 16.10. | Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2036 (US$, drivetrain) |
| 16.11. | Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2023-2036 (units, vehicle type) |
| 16.12. | LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.13. | Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain & category) |
| 16.14. | Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units, drivetrain) |
| 16.15. | Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2036 (units, kW) |
| 16.16. | Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2036 (units) |
| 16.17. | In-wheel Motors Production Forecast 2021-2036 (units) |
| 16.18. | Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 16.19. | Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 16.20. | Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2036 (kg) |
| 16.21. | Automotive Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast 2015-2036 (units) |
| 16.22. | Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2036 (units) |
| 16.23. | Total Motor Power Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2036 (kW) |
| 16.24. | Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2036 (US$ billions) |
| 17. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 17.1. | Advanced Electric Machines: Rare Earth Free Motors |
| 17.2. | Allison Transmission: eAxles for Commercial Vehicles |
| 17.3. | AVID Technology |
| 17.4. | Axalta Coating Systems: Electric Motor Insulation |
| 17.5. | Beyond Motors: Axial Flux Motors |
| 17.6. | Carpenter Electrification: Soft Magnetic Materials for Motors |
| 17.7. | DELO: Adhesives for Automotive Components |
| 17.8. | Eaton Research Laboratories: Electric Motor Insulation |
| 17.9. | Elaphe (2021) |
| 17.10. | ePropelled: Dynamic Torque-switching Electric Motor |
| 17.11. | Equipmake: Electric Motors and Power Electronics |
| 17.12. | EVR Motors |
| 17.13. | Infinitum Electric: Axial Flux Motor with Printed Stator |
| 17.14. | Infinitum Electric: PCB Stator Axial Flux Motor |
| 17.15. | Magnax |
| 17.16. | Modal Motors |
| 17.17. | Monumo: AI Motor Design |
| 17.18. | Monumo: Artificial Intelligence for Motor Development |
| 17.19. | Niron Magnetics: Rare Earth Free Permanent Magnets |
| 17.20. | Protean Electric |
| 17.21. | RETORQ Motors |
| 17.22. | Saietta Electric Drive: axial flux motors |
| 17.23. | Schaeffler: Magnet Free Motors |
| 17.24. | Traxial (a Magnax Company) |
| 17.25. | Ultimate Transmissions: How Tesla Could Avoid Rare-Earth Magnets |
| 17.26. | Ultimate Transmissions: Thermal Management of Electric Motors |
| 17.27. | Victrex |
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Over 140 million EV motors required per year by 2036
Report Statistics
| Slides | 573 |
|---|---|
| Forecasts to | 2036 |
| Published | Oct 2025 |
Preview Content
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