In-Cabin Sensing 2025-2035: Technologies, Opportunities, and Markets

Granular ten-year volume and market size market forecasts by 6 in-cabin sensors. Overview of regulatory requirements and roadmap of sensor adoption for in-cabin sensing.

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Regulations like the Advanced Driver Distraction Warning (ADDW) and General Safety Regulation (GSR) are driving the growing importance of in-cabin sensing, particularly driver and occupancy monitoring systems. IDTechEx's report, "In-Cabin Sensing 2025-2035: Technologies, Opportunities, Markets", examines these regulations and explores key technologies, including near-infrared (NIR) cameras, radar, time-of-flight (ToF) cameras, AI/software-defined vehicles, torque steering sensors, and capacitive steering sensors. This report provides an in-depth look at regional trends, technologies, and regulations, highlighting emerging market opportunities for in-cabin sensors in the automotive industry. It includes detailed regional forecasts by technology type, covering:
 
  • A 10-year market size forecast for in-cabin sensors, segmented by NIR cameras, radar, ToF cameras, capacitive steering sensors, and torque steering sensors.
  • A 10-year market size forecast for in-cabin NIR cameras, broken down by China, USA, Europe, Japan, and the rest of the world.
  • A 10-year market size forecast for in-cabin radar, segmented by China, USA, Europe, Japan, and the rest of the world.
  • A 10-year market size forecast for in-cabin ToF sensors, segmented by China, USA, Europe, Japan, and the rest of the world.
  • A 10-year forecast for torque and capacitive steering sensors for hands-on detection, split by China, USA, Europe, Japan, and the rest of the world.
  • A 10-year passenger vehicle forecast, broken down by China, USA, Europe, Japan, and other regions.
  • A 10-year forecast for passenger vehicles by SAE levels 1 to 5.
 
DMS and OMS Technology Roadmap
In-cabin sensing is generally divided into driver monitoring systems (DMS) and occupant monitoring systems (OMS). DMS is expected to become mandatory due to regulatory pressures, while OMS is anticipated to be adopted primarily for mid- to high-end vehicles as a differentiator. DMS monitors driver conditions like drowsiness and distraction, while OMS focuses on tracking passengers, such as detecting unattended children or monitoring vital signs. As of early 2025, the leading DMS technology is the combination of NIR and RGB cameras, as NIR light does not distract the driver. With computer vision software, these systems can detect features like eyelid movement and gaze, helping to identify driver fatigue or distraction. NIR cameras consist of two essential components: an NIR illuminator (usually an LED) and an NIR imager. Alongside drowsiness detection, hands-on detection (HOD) plays a crucial role in ensuring safety. Traditional HOD systems use steering torque sensors, though they can be prone to false positives. As a result, capacitive touch sensors, which offer better performance, are increasingly being adopted. However, to reduce costs, many automotive OEMs are opting to combine NIR+RGB cameras with torque sensors, as both are already required in vehicles, minimizing the need for additional capacitive sensors, which typically cost around $2-5 each.
 
OMS, on the other hand, is generally non-mandatory, but many automotive manufacturers are integrating sensors such as radar. Radar modules are useful for monitoring occupant vital signs like heart and respiration rates. Additionally, the mmWave technology used in radar can penetrate physical barriers, making it effective for detecting rear-facing infants in child seats. However, radar modules tend to be expensive, limiting their use to mid- to high-end vehicle models.
 
The report also includes a 10-year outlook on the adoption of various in-cabin sensing technologies, along with the use of these sensors across key regions including China, USA, Europe, Japan, and the rest of the world. IDTechEx believes that driven by the regulations as well as the pursuit of differentiations of modern vehicles, the in-cabin sensors will continue to grow.
 
NIR cameras, driver monitoring, software-defined vehicles, occupant monitoring, Euro NCAP, General Safety Regulation, AI-enabled features
Market size forecast of in-cabin sensors, IR cameras, radar modules, ToF cameras, capacitive, and torque steering sensors. For full data, refer to In-Cabin Sensing 2025-2035. Source: IDTechEx
 
AI, software-defined vehicles and in-cabin sensing
A major trend is integrating in-cabin sensing with software-defined vehicles. Due to ADDW regulations, automotive OEMs will need to use components like NIR+RGB cameras, which can also support additional features. One key strategy is to combine these sensors with AI and software-defined vehicle technologies, enabling capabilities like driver profile identification and personalized configurations. IDTechEx's report highlights the role of AI in enhancing vehicle functionalities, showcasing real-world use cases.
In summary, this report offers a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory landscape, key technologies, business opportunities, and future trends in in-cabin sensing and software-defined vehicles within the automotive sector.
 
This report provides critical market intelligence about the sensors and components for in-cabin sensing, driver monitoring systems, and occupant monitoring systems.
 
This includes:
 
Overview of the regional regulations that affect the adoption of driver and occupant monitoring systems.
 
Review and analysis of in-cabin sensing combined with AI and software-defined vehicles, and the future roadmap of technologies for in-cabin sensing with the increasing SAE autonomous driving level.
 
General overview of critical technologies used for in-cabin sensing, including:
  • NIR cameras
  • ToF cameras
  • Radar modules
  • Torque sensors
  • Capacitive touch sensors
  • Temperature sensors
  • Pressure sensors.
 
Analysis of emerging technologies for in-cabin sensing, including:
  • Printed sensors for smart cockpits
  • Alternate eye movement tracking technologies
  • Brain function monitoring
  • Cardiovascular metrics
  • Case studies and real-world applications
 
A comprehensive analysis of suppliers in the supply chain.
 
Market analysis and opportunities
  • Sensor volume sales and market size forecast to 2035 for in-cabin sensing, split by type of technology/sensor
  • Vehicle volume sales forecast to 2035 split by region.
  • Vehicle volume sales forecast to 2035 split by SAE level
Report MetricsDetails
Historic Data2020 - 2024
CAGRThe global market of IR sensors for in-cabin sensing will grow at a CAGR of 9.7% between 2025 and 2035
Forecast Period2025 - 2035
Forecast UnitsUS$, Unit
Regions CoveredUnited States, Europe, China, Japan
Segments CoveredDMS and OMS technologies, costs, and roadmap: - Near infrared (NIR) imaging - Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras - Radar - Torque steering sensors - Capacitive steering sensors - Printed sensors - Brain function tracking - Cardiovascular monitoring - AI and software-defined vehicles Regulatory requirements by regions, including EU (ADDW, DDAW, GSR, NCAP), USA, China, and others Overview of suppliers including tier one and tier two suppliers.
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1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.An Overview of DMS and OMS Systems Within In-Cabin Monitoring
1.2.Trends of In-Cabin Sensing (1/2)
1.3.Trends of In-Cabin Sensing (2/2)
1.4.What is a Driver Monitoring System (DMS)?
1.5.Why Does the Driver Need Monitoring?
1.6.Current Technologies for Interior Monitoring System (IMS)
1.7.Technologies Categorization: Driver Monitoring System (DMS)
1.8.Overview of In-Cabin Sensors by OEM (1)
1.9.Overview of In-Cabin Sensors by OEM (2)
1.10.Yearly Volume Sales of In-Cabin Sensors (Millions): 2020-2035
1.11.Yearly Market Size of In-Cabin Sensors (US$ Billions): 2020-2035
1.12.Volume Forecast by In-Cabin Active Sensors: 2020-2035
1.13.Market Size Forecast by In-Cabin Active Sensors: 2020-2035
1.14.Market Share by In-Cabin Active Sensors: 2020-2035
1.15.Yearly Volume Sales of HOD Sensors: 2020-2035
1.16.Yearly Market Size of Passive Sensors: 2020-2035
1.17.Infrared (IR) Cameras in DMS
1.18.Trend - Integration into Mirrors or Displays with ADAS
1.19.Potential Integration Areas
1.20.ToF Camera for DMS - Principles
1.21.ToF Imaging Sensors: Resolution and Price Benchmarking
1.22.Radar - Introduction
1.23.Comparison of In-Cabin Radars
1.24.Current Status of Capacitive Sensors in DMS
1.25.Evolution of DMS Sensor Suite from SAE Level 1 to Level 4
1.26.Data Privacy
2.INTRODUCTION TO AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
2.1.SAE Level of Driving Automation
2.2.In-Cabin Sensing for Autonomous Cars
3.REGIONAL REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
3.1.Overview of Regulations
3.1.1.Overview of Regulations by Region
3.2.Trend of Mandating DMS
3.2.1.Regional NCAP Standards
3.2.2.DDAW - New Car Assessment Programs
3.2.3.DDAW - EU General Safety Regulation (GSR) - part 1
3.2.4.DDAW - EU General Safety Regulation (GSR) - part 2
3.2.5.EU Mandating DDAW July 2022
3.2.6.EU Mandating ADDW From Mid-2024 - Specifications (1)
3.2.7.EU Mandating ADDW From Mid-2024 - Specifications (2)
3.2.8.EU Mandating ADDW From Mid-2024 - Specifications (3)
3.2.9.Considerations of ADDW System
3.2.10.Evolution of DMS Sensor Suite from SAE Level 1 to Level 4
3.2.11.In-Cabin Regional Regulation Overview - Europe and China
3.2.12.Regulations - USA
3.2.13.2023 Euro NCAP In-Depth Assessment (1)
3.3.Data Privacy
3.3.1.Privacy by Design
3.3.2.Privacy - Accuracy and Consequences
3.3.3.Privacy - Anticipating the Uses and More Evidence is Needed
4.ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DMS AND OMS
4.1.Introduction to DMS and OMS technologies
4.1.1.Driver Monitoring System (DMS)
4.1.2.Applications of DMS
4.1.3.Overview of Sensing Technologies by Features
4.1.4.Sensing Technologies: Passive and Active
4.1.5.Technology Comparison of Radar, ToF and IR Cameras
4.1.6.Comparison of OMS In-Cabin Sensing Technologies
4.2.ToF Cameras
4.2.1.ToF Camera for DMS - Principles
4.2.2.Infineon DMS - REAL3™ ToF Imager IRS2877A(S)
4.2.3.ToF Camera Teardowns
4.2.4.Magna - DMS Integrated in Rear-View Mirror
4.2.5.Melexis - 3D ToF Camera
4.2.6.ToF Imaging Sensors Resolution
4.2.7.Occupant Monitoring System (OMS): Cameras
4.2.8.PreAct - Flash LiDAR for OMS
4.2.9.LG Innotek - ToF Camera for DMS
4.2.10.Terabee
4.2.11.Key Limitation of ToF Sensors
4.2.12.Cabin Monitoring Technology High-Level Comparison - Stereo Vision, Structured Light, Time-of-Flight
4.2.13.Bill of Materials - ToF Camera
4.2.14.Yearly Volume Forecast ToF Cameras: 2020-2035
4.2.15.Yearly Market Size Forecast for In-Cabin ToF Cameras: 2020-2035
4.2.16.Average Number of ToF Camera per Vehicle - Forecast 2020-2035
4.3.NIR/IR Imaging
4.3.1.Applications of IR Imaging - 2D and 3D
4.3.2.Segmenting the electromagnetic spectrum
4.3.3.SWOT - NIR cameras/sensors
4.3.4.Infrared (IR) in DMS - Overview
4.3.5.IR Light Sources: LED and VCSEL (1)
4.3.6.IR Light Sources: LED and VCSEL (2)
4.3.7.Potential Integration Areas
4.3.8.Performance Indicators
4.3.9.Benchmarking Illuminators
4.3.10.Requirements of IR LEDs and VCSELs for DMS and OMS
4.3.11.VCSEL vs LED Performance Characteristics - Power and Wavelength
4.3.12.VCSEL vs LED Performance Characteristics - Brightness and Efficiency
4.3.13.VCSEL vs LED Performance Characteristics - Brightness and FOI
4.3.14.VCSEL vs LED Performance Characteristics - Cost
4.3.15.LEDs Vs. VCSEL - Summary
4.3.16.Overview of Leading Players in VCSEL
4.3.17.Acquisition
4.3.18.Case Study: Combining NIR + Thermal Camera - Next2U
4.3.19.Case Study: Seeing Machines (1)
4.3.20.Case Study: Seeing Machines (2)
4.3.21.Case Study: Seeing Machines (3)
4.3.22.Case Study: Valeo - a Major Tier-One Automotive Supplier
4.3.23.Case Study: AMS Osram - Illuminator Supplier
4.3.24.ST Microelectronics: Global shutter NIR image sensors for in-cabin monitoring
4.3.25.IR Sensors
4.3.26.IR LED Drivers
4.3.27.IR Cameras for Passenger Cars - Volume Forecast 2020-2034
4.3.28.Average IR Camera Per Passenger Car: 2020-2035
4.3.29.Forecast: Cost per IR Camera for DMS
4.3.30.Market Size Forecast: IR Cameras (US$ Millions): 2020-2035
4.4.Radar
4.4.1.Introduction to Radar Technology
4.4.2.Why use Ultrawide Bandwidth
4.4.3.Case Study: Imec
4.4.4.Infineon - 60GHz Radar Sensor for OMS
4.4.5.Vayyar
4.4.6.Pontosense
4.4.7.LG Innotek
4.4.8.Valeo
4.4.9.Joyson Safety Systems
4.4.10.Texas Instruments
4.4.11.NXP - TEF810X
4.4.12.Acconeer
4.4.13.WHST STA60-4 Pro/STA79-4 Pro
4.4.14.Volvo
4.4.15.Comparison of In-Cabin Radars
4.4.16.Forecast - Yearly Volume Sales of Radar: 2020-2034
4.4.17.Forecast - Radar Per Vehicle: 2020-2034
4.4.18.Bill of Materials - Cost per In-Cabin Radar
4.4.19.Yearly Market Size Forecast for In-Cabin Radar: 2020-2035
4.5.Torque Steering Sensors
4.5.1.Torque Sensor for HOD - Working Principles
4.5.2.Torque Sensors Can be Easily Deceived - Tesla
4.5.3.Torque Steering Sensor Volume Forecast: 2020-2034
4.5.4.Torque Steering Sensor Market Size Forecast: 2020-2034
4.6.Capacitive, Pressure, and Temperature Sensors for HOD, DMS, and OMS
4.6.1.Current Status of Capacitive Sensors in DMS
4.6.2.Block Diagram of HOD Functions
4.6.3.Drawbacks and Improvements on Capacitive Sensors (1)
4.6.4.Drawbacks and Improvements on Capacitive Sensors (2)
4.6.5.AMS Osram Capacitive Sensor - Overview
4.6.6.AMS Osram Capacitive Sensor - Integrated Circuits
4.6.7.Capacitive Sensors - IEE Smart Sensing Solution
4.6.8.AMS Osram Capacitive Sensor Application
4.6.9.Smart Seat - Seat with Sensors From Innovation Lab
4.6.10.InnovationLab: Lab-2-Fab for printed sensors for automotive applications
4.6.11.Tacterion: Tactile Flexible Sensors For Cockpit Controls
4.6.12.Mercedes-Benz Capacitive Sensors for Hands-On Detection
4.6.13.Myant - Health Monitoring at the Wheel
4.6.14.VW Capacitive Steering Wheels
4.6.15.ZF - Multiple Zones (more than three) Provided?
4.6.16.ZF - Touch the Steering Wheel Rather Than Screen To Control?
4.6.17.Alps Alpine's 4 Zone Electrode Sensor - Technology Analysis
4.6.18.Huawei - Patents on Capacitive Sensors Overcoming Traditional Issues
4.6.19.Aidin Robotics' Capacitive Technology: Potential Fit for Capacitive Steering Wheels?
4.6.20.Steering Wheel Controller HOD from NXP
4.6.21.ForcIOT - Stretchable Electronics for Grip Pressure Sensing
4.6.22.Microchip's Steering Wheel - Capacitive HOD
4.6.23.Volume Forecast - Capacitive Steering Sensors: 2020-2034
4.6.24.Price Forecast - Cost per Capacitive Steering Sensor 2020-2034
4.6.25.Market Size Forecast of Capacitive Steering Sensors: 2020-2035
5.EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN IN-CABIN SENSING
5.1.Printed Sensors for Smart Cockpits
5.1.1.Human Design Group: Future of automotive interiors
5.1.2.CEA Liten: Printed electronics for automotive industry
5.1.3.Epicnpoc: Software to integrate smart cockpit components
5.1.4.Actronika: Localized haptics on cockpit screens
5.1.5.Ultraleap: Mid-air haptics for automotive
5.1.6.Aryballe: Digital olfaction for automotive use cases
5.2.Alternate Eye Movement Tracking Technologies
5.2.1.Eye-Tracking for DMS
5.2.2.Eye-Tracking Sensor Categories
5.2.3.Eye-tracking using cameras with machine vision
5.2.4.Eye-tracking companies based on conventional/NIR cameras and machine vision software
5.2.5.Event-Based Vision for Eye-Tracking
5.2.6.Event-Based Vision: Pros and Cons
5.2.7.Importance of software for event-based vision
5.2.8.Prophesee: Company overview
5.2.9.Eye tracking with laser scanning MEMS
5.2.10.Capacitive Sensing of Eye Movement
5.3.Brain Function Monitoring
5.3.1.Brain Function Monitoring Technologies
5.3.2.Trends in Brain Measurement Technology for Cognitive Workload Monitoring
5.3.3.Magnetoencephalography
5.3.4.State of the Art: Optically Pumped Magnetometers
5.3.5.Operating Principles of Conventional Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
5.3.6.Operating principal of optical magnetometry
5.3.7.Brain Function Monitoring in the Automotive Space
5.4.Cardiovascular Metrics
5.4.1.CardioID - ECG Monitoring for Drivers
5.5.Case Studies and Real World Examples of In-Cabin Sensing Applications
5.5.1.BMW IX and X5
5.5.2.BMW - Gesture Control
5.5.3.GM's Super Cruise
5.5.4.Polestar 3 Driver Monitoring System
5.5.5.Jaguar Land Rover
5.5.6.Audi FitDriver
5.5.7.Use Case - MAXUS MIFA 9: DMS + Dual OMS
5.5.8.Trumpchi GS8
5.5.9.Jetour Dashing X90
5.5.10.Subaru's DMS
5.5.11.Ford - BlueCruise Technology
5.5.12.Tesla - IR-based DMS
5.5.13.Tesla In-Cabin Radar
5.5.14.Nissan - ProPilot 2.0
5.5.15.Toyota and Lexus
5.5.16.Toyota Mirai
5.5.17.XPeng Motors
5.5.18.Nio ET7 - DMS and OMS Cameras
5.5.19.Li Auto L9 - 3D ToF Camera
5.5.20.Li Auto - 2D IR Camera for DMS
5.5.21.AION
5.5.22.Hongqi Auto - Capacitive Steering Wheels + Fatigue Detection Cameras
5.5.23.HAVAL - F7
5.5.24.WEY - VV6
6.SUPPLIERS
6.1.Overview of Suppliers
6.1.1.Overview of Supply Chain - DMS
6.1.2.Acquisition and Partnerships
6.2.Tier One Suppliers - In-Cabin Sensing Systems
6.2.1.Mitsubishi
6.2.2.Mitsubishi Electric - Wide-Angle Cameras
6.2.3.Continental AG
6.2.4.Denso Corporation
6.2.5.Harman - Ready Care
6.2.6.ZF Friedrichshafen Ag - Towards Integrated Safety
6.2.7.Intel and Cipia
6.2.8.Valeo
6.2.9.Hyundai Mobis - M.Brain: The World's First Brainwave-based DMS
6.2.10.Visteon - Interior Sensing for DMS and OMS
6.2.11.Veoneer
6.2.12.SenseTime
6.3.Tier 2 Suppliers - Software, LEDs, Image Sensors, and Chips
6.3.1.Cipia's Driver Sense Driver Monitoring System
6.3.2.Emotion3D
6.3.3.Seeing Machines
6.3.4.7invensu
6.3.5.Smart Eye Activity Detection Systems
6.3.6.Tobii
6.3.7.Unikie - Cameras for Detection of Driver Alertness
6.3.8.Onsemi - Semiconductor Devices for In-Cabin Sensing
6.3.9.Eyeris
6.3.10.OmniVision
6.3.11.NXP and Momenta
6.3.12.Renesas Electronics Corporation
7.AI AND IN-CABIN SENSING COMBINATION
7.1.1.Key trends of AI and advanced hardware integrated into in-cabin sensing
7.1.2.LG and Samsung Automotive Announcements
7.1.3.LG & Ambarella's Driver Monitoring System (DMS)
7.1.4.HARMAN's AI and Cabin Monitoring
7.1.5.Texas Instruments' Edge AI Radar Sensor
8.FORECAST SUMMARY
8.1.1.Addressable Market by Region 2025-2045
8.1.2.Addressable Market by SAE Level 2025-2036
8.1.3.Method
8.1.4.Yearly Volume Sales of In-Cabin Sensors (Millions): 2020-2035
8.1.5.Yearly Market Size of In-Cabin Sensors (US$ Billions): 2020-2035
8.1.6.Volume Forecast by In-Cabin Active Sensors: 2020-2035
8.1.7.Market Size Forecast by In-Cabin Active Sensors: 2020-2035
8.1.8.Market Share by In-Cabin Imaging Sensors: 2020-2035
8.1.9.Yearly Volume Sales of HOD Sensors: 2020-2035
8.1.10.Yearly Market Size of HOD Sensors: 2020-2035
8.1.11.Yearly Market Size of In-Cabin Sensors - China: 2020-2035
8.1.12.Yearly Market Size of In-Cabin Sensors - Europe: 2020-2035
8.1.13.Yearly Market Size of In-Cabin Sensors - USA: 2020-2035
8.1.14.Yearly Market Size of In-Cabin Sensors - Japan: 2020-2035
9.COMPANY PROFILES
9.1.ams AG
9.2.AMS Osram
9.3.Excelitas
9.4.Eyeris
9.5.IEE
9.6.IMEC
9.7.Jungo Connectivity
9.8.Murata
9.9.Next2U
9.10.Panasonic
9.11.Pontosense — Radars for In-Cabin Monitoring
9.12.PreAct Technologies: Software-Defined Sensors
9.13.SaverOne
9.14.Seeing Machines
9.15.Senseair
9.16.Subaru
9.17.Teledyne FLIR
9.18.TriEye
9.19.TriLumina (Lumentum)
9.20.Valeo
9.21.ZF: Automotive Tier 1 Pushing Robot Shuttles
 

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Yearly market size for in-cabin sensors will exceed US$6 Billion by 2035

Report Statistics

Slides 271
Companies 21
Forecasts to 2035
Published Feb 2025
 

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