Ion Exchange Membranes 2025-2035: Technologies, Markets, Forecasts
Ion exchange membrane materials, including perfluorinated and hydrocarbon membranes for green hydrogen production, hydrogen fuel cells, redox flow batteries, carbon capture and utilization, sustainable metals, and market forecasts.
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Ion exchange membrane market to exceed US$2.9B by 2035
IDTechEx forecasts that the ion exchange membrane market will exceed US$2.9B in revenue annually by 2035, driven by growth in decarbonized energy and transport applications. Water electrolyzers for green hydrogen production, hydrogen fuel cells, and redox flow batteries represent key ion exchange membrane growth markets. This IDTechEx report provides comprehensive analysis of current and emerging ion exchange membrane material markets, including chemical production and processing, water treatment, green hydrogen economy, redox flow batteries (RFBs), carbon capture and utilization, and sustainable metals processing. In addition, granular 10-year ion exchange membrane market forecasts, including demand in area (m2), weight (tonnes), and annual revenue forecasts (US$M), are presented for perfluorinated and hydrocarbon ion exchange membrane materials.
Source: IDTechEx.
Perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSA) cation exchange membranes (CEMs) continue to dominate the market, whose chemical and mechanical stability ensure performance in high temperature and corrosive applications. Market leading material suppliers, including Chemours, W.L. Gore, and AGC, are developing reinforced membranes using multilayer structures (e.g., with PTFE) or composite materials (woven supports). Membrane reinforcement enables sheet thicknesses to be reduced to as low as 5-10 um, which is highly desirable for improving power density in fuel cell applications.
The increasing threat of restrictions on PFAS-based membranes (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) is driving a rise in alternative hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes. Start-ups are leading this charge, developing novel polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and other polycyclic membrane materials for hydrogen fuel cell, water electrolysis, and redox flow battery applications. However, with smaller players focussed on emerging markets, lean business models are required until high volume membrane demand is realized. This report evaluates emerging ion exchange membrane materials, including innovations in composition, composite design, manufacturing, and key target markets.
Sustainability megatrends renew growth in established ion exchange membrane markets
Sustainability megatrends are driving growth in high volume chemicals and water treatment markets, where ion exchange membranes are routinely applied in electrodialysis, electrolysis, and deionization. Reducing ion exchange membrane thickness will be key to improving the energy efficiency of electrolyzer stacks widely used in chloralkali production (NaOH/Cl2) and other acid/base recovery circuits. Looking towards the future, the production of battery grade lithium hydroxide by salt splitting will be an emerging application for ion exchange membrane materials with high pH stability. Within water treatment, IDTechEx predicts that demand for membranes used in electro-deionization and electro-desalination technologies will steadily increase, as water consumption in semiconductor manufacturing is expected to double by 2035.
Source: IDTechEx.
Transport drives growth for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are critical components in PEMFCs used in transportation and stationary energy applications. PFSA PEMs are overwhelmingly employed due to their high chemical stability, mechanical strength, and ionic conductivity. Reducing PEM thickness towards 10 um and below is an active development area and will be key to unlocking greater power density in PEMFCs necessary for transportation applications.
While fuel cell electric vehicle adoption is limited in 2025, IDTechEx predicts that transport applications will be a key growth market for proton exchange membranes (PEMs), poised to take-off in the 2030s. This report reviews technology trends in proton exchange membrane materials and provides an overview of emerging fuel cell stack supply chains.
Water electrolyzers for green hydrogen production
Water electrolyzers rely on anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and proton exchange membranes (PEMs) to produce green hydrogen. PEM electrolyzer (PEMEL) systems are the most established water electrolysis systems using ion exchange membranes. PFSA-based PEMs continue to dominate the market due to the relatively low commercial readiness of hydrocarbon-based PEMs as well as the harsh conditions seen in the PEMEL.
Nevertheless, AEM electrolyzer (AEMEL) systems hold significant promise for hydrocarbon membranes. Emerging membrane suppliers (e.g., Ionomr Innovations, Dioxide Materials, and Orion Polymers) look to capitalize on AEMEL system developer interest, who generally prefer to avoid PFSA membranes in the face of potential PFAS bans. In this report, IDTechEx provides extensive analysis of membrane requirements, innovation areas, and design trends in water electrolyzer systems.
Redox flow batteries, carbon capture and utilization: Membranes for decarbonization
Beyond green hydrogen, decarbonization is driving demand for ion exchange materials in redox flow batteries and carbon capture and utilization technologies.
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are rechargeable devices that provide stationary energy storage solutions for remote, off-grid and, microgrid applications. PFSA cation exchange membranes are commercially deployed in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) to separate electrolyte solutions. This report explores the role of ion exchange membranes in RFBs and strategies for reducing their high contribution to overall cell stack cost, which can comprise 30-50% across different chemistries.
Membrane technologies are also being adapted for carbon capture and utilization; however, this market remains in a nascent stage. Electrolysis is increasingly being used for direct air capture, while (bipolar) electrodialysis is gaining traction for direct ocean capture. But carbon capture is only the beginning. PFSA and hydrocarbon membranes are also applied in prototype electrolyzers for carbon utilization, primarily for production of C1 feedstocks such as methanol and formic acid.
Key aspects of this report
This report provides the following information:
- Overview of ion exchange materials in chemical production and water treatment markets, including trends in PFAS remediation, semiconductor manufacturing, and critical lithium recovery.
- Comprehensive overview of ion exchange membrane technology in the hydrogen economy.
- Technical analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), material benchmarking, and trends in transportation and stationary fuel cell applications.
- Critical analysis of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMELs) and anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMELs) for green hydrogen production.
- Discussion on membrane development and application in redox flow batteries and carbon capture and utilization, including direct ocean capture, direct air capture, and electrosynthesis.
- Exploration of innovations in reinforced, composite, and ultrathin ion exchange membranes.
- Identification of PFAS alternatives, including emerging hydrocarbon membranes, metal-organic framework membranes, organic-inorganic hybrid membranes.
- Comprehensive overview of the ion exchange market, key players, value chain analysis, regional dynamics, investments and partnerships, and expansion plans.
- Granular forecasts 10-year forecasts of material demand by area, weight, and revenue, segmented by applications and membrane chemistry.
| Report Metrics | Details |
|---|---|
| CAGR | The global market for ion exchange membranes will grow to surpass US$2.9B in revenue annually by 2035, representing a CAGR of 9.9%. |
| Forecast Period | 2025 - 2035 |
| Forecast Units | Area (thousands of square meters), weight (tonnes per annum), revenue (US$M) |
| Regions Covered | Worldwide |
| Segments Covered | Ion exchange membrane application markets, including water treatment, chemical production and processing, hydrogen fuel cells, water electrolyzers, redox flow batteries, carbon capture and utilization; Ion exchange membrane materials, including PFSA and hydrocarbon. |
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Further information
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | What are ion exchange membranes |
| 1.2. | Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins |
| 1.3. | Perfluorinated and hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes |
| 1.4. | Innovations in ion exchange membrane composition and manufacturing enable improved performance and service lifetime of integrated products |
| 1.5. | Global meta-trends impacting ion exchange membranes application markets |
| 1.6. | Overview of established and emerging applications of ion exchange membranes |
| 1.7. | Overview of growth opportunities for ion exchange materials in established markets |
| 1.8. | Ion exchange membrane applications in hydrogen fuel cells & electrolyzers |
| 1.9. | Key trends for ion exchange membranes in fuel cells & electrolyzers |
| 1.10. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries (RFBs): Summary and key takeaways |
| 1.11. | Ion exchange membranes in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS): Overview and key takeaways |
| 1.12. | Ion exchange materials in sustainable metal processing and recovery: Key takeaways |
| 1.13. | Implications of potential PFAS bans |
| 1.14. | Key membrane, resin, and ionomer players |
| 1.15. | Ion exchange membrane value chain and key manufacturers |
| 1.16. | Ion exchange membrane market player map |
| 1.17. | Regional market trends in ion exchange membranes |
| 1.18. | New entrants struggle to penetrate IEM market while emerging players focus on future opportunities |
| 1.19. | Leading membrane manufacturers partnering with early-stage companies |
| 1.20. | Large corporations back IEM start-ups while climate tech funds support downstream product integrators |
| 1.21. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 1.22. | Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast market share by application, 2025-2035 |
| 1.23. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 1.24. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by material (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | What are ion exchange membranes |
| 2.2. | Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins |
| 2.3. | Perfluorinated and hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes |
| 2.4. | Key ion exchange membranes technical development areas |
| 2.5. | Global meta-trends impacting ion exchange membranes application markets |
| 2.6. | Overview of established and emerging applications of ion exchange membranes |
| 2.7. | The role of ion exchange membranes in green hydrogen production and utilization |
| 2.8. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries |
| 2.9. | Ion exchange membranes in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) |
| 2.10. | Emerging critical material recovery markets and technologies |
| 2.11. | Implications of potential PFAS bans |
| 3. | ESTABLISHED ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL INDUSTRIES |
| 3.1. | Overview of Established Ion Exchange Material Industries |
| 3.1.1. | Chapter overview and key takeaways |
| 3.1.2. | Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins |
| 3.1.3. | Types of ion exchange materials and their applications |
| 3.1.4. | Ion exchange material technology overview |
| 3.1.5. | Established ion exchange markets and applications |
| 3.1.6. | Drivers for ion exchange materials adoption in established markets |
| 3.1.7. | Role of ion exchange materials in established markets |
| 3.1.8. | Key attributes of IEMs in established markets |
| 3.1.9. | Chemical stability of IEMs and application requirements |
| 3.1.10. | Membrane homogeneity: homogeneous vs heterogeneous |
| 3.1.11. | Key attributes of IERs in established markets |
| 3.2. | Chloralkali, Acid, and Alkali Recovery |
| 3.2.1. | Ion exchange membranes in acid and alkali recovery |
| 3.2.2. | Ion exchange materials in the chloralkali process |
| 3.2.3. | Chloralkali process flow and role of ion exchange materials |
| 3.2.4. | IEM innovation areas in the chloralkali process - throughput and energy consumption |
| 3.2.5. | IEM innovation areas in the chloralkali process - zero-gap cell designs |
| 3.2.6. | IEM innovation areas in the chloralkali process - brine pre-treatment |
| 3.2.7. | IEMs in salt splitting |
| 3.2.8. | Emerging opportunities for IEMs in salt splitting |
| 3.3. | Water Treatment and PFAS Removal |
| 3.3.1. | Ion exchange materials in water production and treatment |
| 3.3.2. | Ion exchange resins and membranes in water treatment |
| 3.3.3. | Filtration in water treatment and the role of ion exchange materials |
| 3.3.4. | IEMs in electrodialysis (ED) for water deionization |
| 3.3.5. | Ultra pure water production |
| 3.3.6. | Catalyst exchange resins for ultra pure water for semiconductors |
| 3.3.7. | Key attributes required for ion exchange materials in UPW production |
| 3.3.8. | UPW technology advancements (I) |
| 3.3.9. | UPW technology advancements (II) |
| 3.3.10. | Technology readiness level of water treatment solutions in semiconductor industry |
| 3.3.11. | PFAS removal from drinking water using ion exchange resins (IER) |
| 3.3.12. | Benchmarking of IER with GAC, RO technologies for PFAS removal |
| 3.3.13. | Anionic ion exchange resins: gel vs macroporous |
| 3.3.14. | Use of regenerable ion exchange resins for PFAS removal applications |
| 3.3.15. | Regenerable vs single-use ion exchange resins |
| 3.3.16. | Use of regenerable ion exchange resins for short-chain PFAS removal |
| 3.3.17. | Solvent-based regeneration of spent ion exchange resin: ECT2 |
| 3.3.18. | Commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
| 3.3.19. | Chemistry of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
| 3.3.20. | Particle size distribution of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
| 3.3.21. | Uniformity of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
| 3.3.22. | Capacity of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
| 3.3.23. | Moisture retention of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
| 3.3.24. | Technology readiness level (TRL) for PFAS removal technologies |
| 3.4. | Other Established Markets |
| 3.4.1. | Mining and battery metal recovery |
| 3.4.2. | Battery material recovery and purification using IERs |
| 3.4.3. | IER materials for metal recovery |
| 3.4.4. | Ion exchange materials in chemical production |
| 3.4.5. | Ion exchange materials in food and pharmaceuticals |
| 3.4.6. | Ion exchange resins in pharmaceuticals |
| 3.5. | Summary |
| 3.5.1. | Summary and key conclusions |
| 3.5.2. | Technology readiness level of emerging ion exchange applications in established markets |
| 3.5.3. | Overview of growth opportunities for ion exchange materials in established markets |
| 4. | IEMS IN GREEN HYDROGEN |
| 4.1. | Overview of IEMs in the Green Hydrogen Economy |
| 4.1.1. | The colors of hydrogen |
| 4.1.2. | State of the hydrogen market today |
| 4.1.3. | Why is green hydrogen needed? |
| 4.1.4. | The role of ion exchange membranes in green hydrogen production and utilization |
| 4.1.5. | Typical green hydrogen plant layout |
| 4.1.6. | Typical green hydrogen plant layout |
| 4.1.7. | Electrolyzer cells, stacks and balance of plant (BOP) |
| 4.1.8. | Green hydrogen: main electrolyzer technologies |
| 4.1.9. | Commercial progress of green hydrogen |
| 4.1.10. | Hydrogen Value Chain Overview |
| 4.1.11. | Overview of Hydrogen Applications |
| 4.1.12. | What are fuel cells? |
| 4.1.13. | Overview of the types of fuel cell technologies |
| 4.1.14. | PEM electrolyzer vs PEM fuel cell |
| 4.1.15. | Fuel Cells Used in Different Applications |
| 4.1.16. | Overview of the application areas for stationary fuel cells |
| 4.1.17. | Automotive PEMFC demand far exceeds that of stationary applications |
| 4.1.18. | Stationary fuel cell demand will vary by application |
| 4.1.19. | IDTechEx Outlook on Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) |
| 4.2. | Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (AEMELs) |
| 4.2.1. | Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer (AEMEL) plant - operating principles |
| 4.2.2. | The case for AEMEL development |
| 4.2.3. | AEMEL materials & components summary |
| 4.2.4. | Innovation priorities for AEMEL materials & components |
| 4.2.5. | Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in AEMELs |
| 4.2.6. | Anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials |
| 4.2.7. | AEM material challenges & prospects |
| 4.2.8. | Comparison of commercial AEM materials |
| 4.2.9. | Commercial AEM material examples |
| 4.2.10. | AEMEL membrane electrode assembly (MEA) |
| 4.2.11. | Commercial AEMEL MEA design |
| 4.2.12. | AEMEL catalysts summary |
| 4.2.13. | Enapter - the leading AEMEL company |
| 4.2.14. | AEMEL stack & anion exchange membrane suppliers |
| 4.3. | Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMELS) and Fuel Cells (PEMFCS) |
| 4.3.1. | Proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) |
| 4.3.2. | US DOE technical targets for PEMEL |
| 4.3.3. | PEMEL materials & components summary |
| 4.3.4. | PEMEL cell design example - Siemens Energy |
| 4.3.5. | PEMEL & PEMFC component overlap |
| 4.3.6. | PEMEL materials & components summary |
| 4.3.7. | Innovation priorities for PEMEL materials & components |
| 4.3.8. | Proton exchange membrane overview |
| 4.3.9. | Overview of PFSA membranes |
| 4.3.10. | Overview of PFSA membranes |
| 4.3.11. | Nafion - the market leading membrane |
| 4.3.12. | Nafion properties & grades |
| 4.3.13. | PFSA membrane property comparison |
| 4.3.14. | Property benchmarking of alternative membranes |
| 4.3.15. | Membrane degradation processes overview |
| 4.3.16. | Membrane degradation processes |
| 4.3.17. | Membrane degradation processes |
| 4.3.18. | Pros & cons of Nafion & PFSA membranes |
| 4.3.19. | Chemours gas recombination catalyst additive research |
| 4.3.20. | Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) overview |
| 4.3.21. | Typical catalyst coated membrane (CCM) |
| 4.3.22. | Future directions for MEAs: H₂/O₂ recombination layer |
| 4.3.23. | Reducing PEMEL membrane thickness without impacting safety (1/2) |
| 4.3.24. | Reducing PEMEL membrane thickness without impacting safety (2/2) |
| 4.3.25. | Minimizing LCOH with proton exchange membranes (PEM) |
| 4.3.26. | PEMEL membrane suppliers |
| 4.3.27. | PEMEL stack suppliers |
| 4.3.28. | What is a PEM fuel cell? |
| 4.3.29. | Applications for fuel cells and major players |
| 4.3.30. | Major components for PEM fuel cells |
| 4.3.31. | Purpose of the ion exchange membrane in PEMFCs |
| 4.3.32. | Form factor and other key properties of IEMs in PEMFCs |
| 4.3.33. | Property benchmarking of membranes |
| 4.3.34. | Example supply chain for proton exchange membranes - Gore |
| 4.3.35. | Innovations in PEMFC membranes may influence PEMEL (1/2) |
| 4.3.36. | High temperature PEMFCs (HT-PEMFCs) |
| 4.3.37. | Innovations in PEMFC membranes may influence PEMEL (2/2) |
| 4.3.38. | Alternative FC developments using phosphoric acid - HT-PEMFCs |
| 4.3.39. | Ongoing Concerns with PFAS |
| 4.3.40. | Hydrocarbons as PEM fuel cell membranes |
| 4.3.41. | Alternative PEM materials: Hydrocarbon IEMs |
| 4.3.42. | Assessment of hydrocarbon membranes |
| 4.3.43. | Benchmarking of Ionomr membrane against incumbent PFAS membrane |
| 4.3.44. | Alternative PEM materials: Graphene composites |
| 4.3.45. | Outlook for Proton Exchange Membranes |
| 5. | IEMS IN ENERGY STORAGE AND CCUS |
| 5.1. | Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) |
| 5.1.1. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries (RFBs): Summary and key takeaways |
| 5.1.2. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries: Introduction |
| 5.1.3. | RFB cell stack materials map |
| 5.1.4. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries: Overview |
| 5.1.5. | Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (1) |
| 5.1.6. | Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (2) |
| 5.1.7. | Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (3) |
| 5.1.8. | IEM materials contribute significantly to overall RFB stack cost |
| 5.1.9. | Overview of redox flow battery chemistries and IEM requirements |
| 5.1.10. | Evaluation of redox flow battery technologies and commercial maturity |
| 5.1.11. | RFB applications and revenues overview |
| 5.1.12. | RFB technology integrator player map, by RFB chemistry |
| 5.1.13. | IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (I) |
| 5.1.14. | IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (II) |
| 5.1.15. | IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (III) |
| 5.1.16. | Impact of potential ban on PFSA materials on RFB market |
| 5.2. | CCUS: Electrochemical Direct Capture and Electrochemical E-fuel Synthesis |
| 5.2.1. | IEMs in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS): Overview and key takeaways |
| 5.2.2. | What is direct air capture (DAC)? |
| 5.2.3. | Solid sorbents are the leading DACCS technology |
| 5.2.4. | Direct Air Capture Technology Landscape |
| 5.2.5. | Electroswing/electrochemical DAC |
| 5.2.6. | Types of electrochemical direct air capture (DAC) (1/2) |
| 5.2.7. | Types of electrochemical DAC (2/2) |
| 5.2.8. | IEMs in electrochemical direct air capture technologies (I) |
| 5.2.9. | IEMs in electrochemical direct air capture technologies (II) |
| 5.2.10. | Benchmarking electrochemical DAC methods |
| 5.2.11. | Technical challenges in electrochemical DAC |
| 5.2.12. | Electrochemical DAC costs depend strongly on electricity prices |
| 5.2.13. | Direct air capture: Opportunities and Barriers |
| 5.2.14. | Electrochemical DAC company landscape |
| 5.2.15. | Direct ocean capture |
| 5.2.16. | Roles of electrodialysis in direct ocean capture DOC |
| 5.2.17. | Future direct ocean capture technologies |
| 5.2.18. | Emergence of direct ocean capture as a promising CDR technology |
| 5.2.19. | State of technology in direct ocean capture |
| 5.2.20. | Barriers remain for direct ocean capture |
| 5.2.21. | Carbon dioxide utilization |
| 5.2.22. | IEMs in CO₂ electrolyzers for utilization |
| 5.2.23. | Formic acid production from CO₂ |
| 5.2.24. | Direct methanol synthesis from H₂O & CO₂ |
| 5.2.25. | ePTFE reinforced AEMs used in integrated carbon capture and utilization system |
| 6. | ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE METALS |
| 6.1. | Overview of material recovery & extraction |
| 6.1.1. | What are critical materials |
| 6.1.2. | The number of critical materials is increasing globally |
| 6.1.3. | Emerging critical material recovery markets and technologies |
| 6.2. | Ion exchange materials in direct lithium extraction |
| 6.2.1. | Introduction to direct lithium extraction (DLE) |
| 6.2.2. | Overview of ion technologies for lithium recovery |
| 6.2.3. | Sorbent materials |
| 6.2.4. | Preparation of ion sieves and ion-sieve effect |
| 6.2.5. | Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents (1) |
| 6.2.6. | Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents (2) |
| 6.2.7. | Sorbent composites |
| 6.2.8. | Sorbent-based process designs |
| 6.2.9. | Ion exchange processes for lithium extraction |
| 6.2.10. | Purification of lithium brines using hydrocarbon ion exchange resins |
| 6.2.11. | SWOT analysis of ion exchange technologies |
| 6.2.12. | Technology developers in the space of ion exchange DLE |
| 6.2.13. | Electrically-driven membrane processes - electrodialysis (ED) |
| 6.2.14. | LiOH production using bipolar electrodialysis |
| 6.2.15. | Electrodialysis technology scaling in Australia for lithium extraction |
| 6.2.16. | Electrically-driven membrane processes - ionic liquid membrane electrodialysis (ED) |
| 6.2.17. | Membrane processes for lithium recovery - examples |
| 6.2.18. | Membrane materials |
| 6.2.19. | Membranes for lithium filtration during refining |
| 6.2.20. | Technology developers in the space of membrane technologies |
| 6.2.21. | SWOT analysis of membrane technologies |
| 6.3. | Battery Recycling |
| 6.3.1. | Overview of the Li-ion battery circular economy |
| 6.3.2. | Ion exchange resins can be adapted to recycling of Li-ion battery materials |
| 6.3.3. | Ion exchange resin chemistries for battery metal recovery |
| 6.3.4. | Emerging opportunities for IEMs in lithium salt splitting |
| 6.3.5. | Challenges facing bipolar electrodialysis in Li-ion battery recycling |
| 6.4. | Ion exchange resins in rare-earth element recovery |
| 6.4.1. | Critical rare-earth elements (REEs): Geographic concentration of primary material supply chain |
| 6.4.2. | Rare-earth element demand concentrating in magnet applications |
| 6.4.3. | Rare-earth element content in secondary material sources |
| 6.4.4. | Metal recovery using ion exchange resins |
| 6.4.5. | Critical metal extraction using ion exchange resins |
| 6.4.6. | Commercial rare-earth element recovery using ion exchange resin chromatography |
| 6.4.7. | Emerging business model for REE recovery using IERs |
| 6.4.8. | SWOT analysis of ion exchange resin recovery technology |
| 6.4.9. | Technology readiness of REE recovery technologies |
| 6.4.10. | Rare-earth magnet recycling value chain |
| 6.4.11. | Innovation areas for rare-earth magnet recycling |
| 6.5. | Ion exchange membranes in green ironmaking |
| 6.5.1. | Emissions from steelmaking |
| 6.5.2. | Breakdown of CO₂ emissions from the iron & steelmaking process |
| 6.5.3. | IEMs in green ironmaking (I) |
| 6.5.4. | IEMs in green ironmaking (II) |
| 6.6. | Summary |
| 6.6.1. | Key takeaways - Sustainable metals processing and recovery |
| 6.6.2. | Technology readiness level of ion exchange technologies in sustainable metals processing and recovery |
| 6.6.3. | Key players in ion exchange technology for sustainable metals processing |
| 7. | MEMBRANE MANUFACTURING LANDSCAPE |
| 7.1. | Overview of ion exchange membrane manufacturing landscape |
| 7.1.1. | Production of PFAS membranes |
| 7.1.2. | Fluoropolymers in the polymer pyramid |
| 7.1.3. | PFSA ionomer design |
| 7.1.4. | PFSA membrane extrusion casting process |
| 7.1.5. | PFSA membrane solution casting process |
| 7.1.6. | Special release membrane for PFSA solution casting process |
| 7.1.7. | PFSA membrane dispersion casting process |
| 7.1.8. | Melt-blowing PEM manufacturing process - NRC Canada |
| 7.1.9. | Improvements to PFSA membranes |
| 7.1.10. | Trade-offs in optimizing membrane performance |
| 7.1.11. | Improving dimensional and mechanical stability using simultaneous stretching |
| 7.1.12. | Reinforced PFAS membranes: Multilayer vs woven membranes |
| 7.1.13. | Chemours reinforced Nafion membranes |
| 7.1.14. | Gore reinforced SELECT membranes |
| 7.1.15. | Reinforcing ion exchange membranes using multilayer co-extrusion |
| 7.1.16. | Innovation areas for reinforced multilayer IEMs |
| 7.1.17. | PFSA composite materials |
| 7.1.18. | Graphene composites |
| 7.1.19. | Alternatives to PFAS in ion exchange membranes |
| 7.1.20. | PFAS Regulations Affecting PEM Fuel Cells & Electrolysers |
| 7.1.21. | Chemours' focus on responsible manufacturing of Nafion |
| 7.1.22. | Key Parameters Required to Replace PFAS Membranes |
| 7.1.23. | Emerging Alternative Membranes |
| 7.1.24. | Hydrocarbon membranes are leading competitors to PFAS-containing membranes |
| 7.1.25. | Alternative polymer materials for ion exchange membranes |
| 7.1.26. | Commercial hydrocarbon AEM material examples (I) |
| 7.1.27. | Commercial hydrocarbon AEM material examples (II) |
| 7.1.28. | Boron-containing hydrocarbon membranes |
| 7.1.29. | Other non-PBI containing ion solvating membranes |
| 7.1.30. | Glass-filled cross-linked PEEK for improved membrane stiffness |
| 7.1.31. | Bio-based PFSA-free membranes based on cellulose |
| 7.1.32. | Inorganic and inorganic-organic hybrid ion exchange membranes |
| 7.1.33. | Inorganic membranes: Membrion |
| 7.1.34. | Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) - overview |
| 7.1.35. | MOF applications in ion exchange membranes |
| 7.1.36. | MOF-based ion exchange membranes are not ready for commercialization |
| 7.1.37. | Commercial maturity of PFAS alternatives in ion exchange membranes |
| 7.1.38. | Other ion exchange material innovations |
| 7.1.39. | Amphoteric ion exchange membranes (I) |
| 7.1.40. | Amphoteric ion exchange membranes (II) |
| 7.1.41. | Research in amphoteric IEMs for RFBs |
| 7.2. | Ion exchange membrane manufacturer overview and market trends |
| 7.2.1. | Ion exchange membrane market player map |
| 7.2.2. | Ion exchange membrane value chain and key manufacturers |
| 7.2.3. | Key membrane manufacturers, by region |
| 7.2.4. | Key membrane manufacturers, by membrane material |
| 7.2.5. | PFSA membranes will remain cost competitive until hydrocarbon membrane high volume applications are realized |
| 7.2.6. | Regional IEM market trends: Asia-Pacific |
| 7.2.7. | Regional IEM market trends: North America |
| 7.2.8. | Regional IEM market trends: Europe |
| 7.2.9. | Leading membrane manufacturers partnering with early-stage companies |
| 7.2.10. | Large corporations back IEM start-ups while climate tech funds support downstream product integrators |
| 7.2.11. | New entries struggle to penetrate ion exchange membrane market while emerging player focus on future ion exchange membrane markets |
| 7.2.12. | Key players: Asia-Pacific |
| 7.2.13. | Asia-Pacific: Asahi Kasei (I) |
| 7.2.14. | Asia-Pacific: Asahi Kasei (II) |
| 7.2.15. | Asia-Pacific: AGC |
| 7.2.16. | Asia-Pacific: Dongyue Group |
| 7.2.17. | Asia-Pacific: Suzhou Kerun New Materials |
| 7.2.18. | Asia-Pacific: ASTOM Corporation / Tokuyama |
| 7.2.19. | Asia-Pacific: Hyproof Technologies (I) |
| 7.2.20. | Asia-Pacific: Hyproof Technologies (II) |
| 7.2.21. | Asia-Pacific - Fujifilm (ion exchange membrane activities terminated) |
| 7.2.22. | Key players: North America |
| 7.2.23. | North America: Chemours (I) |
| 7.2.24. | North America: Chemours (II) |
| 7.2.25. | North America: W.L. Gore (I) |
| 7.2.26. | North America: W.L. Gore (II) |
| 7.2.27. | Example supply chain for proton exchange membranes - Gore |
| 7.2.28. | North America: Membrion |
| 7.2.29. | North America: Orion polymer (I) |
| 7.2.30. | North America: Orion polymer (II) |
| 7.2.31. | North America: Ionomr Innovations (I) |
| 7.2.32. | North America: Ionomr Innovations (II) |
| 7.2.33. | North America: Versogen |
| 7.2.34. | North America: Dioxide Materials |
| 7.2.35. | North America: 3M |
| 7.2.36. | North America: Alfa Chemistry |
| 7.2.37. | Key players: Europe |
| 7.2.38. | Europe: Fumatech |
| 7.2.39. | Europe: BASF |
| 7.2.40. | Europe: Evonik (I) |
| 7.2.41. | Europe: Evonik (II) |
| 7.2.42. | Europe: Veolia |
| 7.2.43. | Europe: Veolia (II) |
| 7.2.44. | Europe: Syensqo |
| 8. | MARKET FORECASTS |
| 8.1. | Market forecast overview |
| 8.1.1. | Forecasting methodology |
| 8.1.2. | Forecasting assumptions |
| 8.1.3. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.4. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane weight forecast by application (tonnes per annum), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.5. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.6. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by material (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.7. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane weight forecast by material (tonnes per annum), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.8. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast by material (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.9. | 10-year global PFSA membrane area forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.10. | 10-year global PFSA membrane revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.11. | 10-year global hydrocarbon membrane forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.1.12. | 10-year global hydrocarbon membrane forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2. | Market Forecasts for Emerging Applications |
| 8.2.1. | Hydrogen (Fuel Cells) - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast, by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.2. | Hydrogen (Fuel Cells) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast, by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.3. | Hydrogen (Electrolyzers) - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast, by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.4. | Hydrogen (Electrolyzers) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast, by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.5. | Hydrogen (Electrolyzers) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast, by material (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.6. | Redox flow batteries (RFBs) - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue, by material ($M), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.7. | Redox flow batteries (RFBs) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
| 8.2.8. | Carbon capture and utilization - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast, by application ($M), 2025-2035 |
| 9. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 9.1. | 3M: Ionomer Materials |
| 9.2. | Asahi Kasei: Aqualyzer (Green Hydrogen) |
| 9.3. | ASTOM |
| 9.4. | Brineworks |
| 9.5. | Electra |
| 9.6. | ElectraLith |
| 9.7. | EnergyX |
| 9.8. | ESTECH |
| 9.9. | Evonik |
| 9.10. | Fumatech |
| 9.11. | Hyproof Tech. |
| 9.12. | Ionomr Innovations |
| 9.13. | Jacobi Group |
| 9.14. | Marchante |
| 9.15. | NALA Membranes |
| 9.16. | Orion Polymer |
| 9.17. | Purolite: PFAS Remediation |
| 9.18. | ReElement Technologies |
| 9.19. | Seloxium |
| 9.20. | Summit Nanotech |
| 9.21. | thyssenkrupp nucera |
| 9.22. | Versogen |
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Ion exchange membrane market to exceed US$2.9B by 2035
Report Statistics
| Slides | 397 |
|---|---|
| Companies | 22 |
| Forecasts to | 2035 |
| Published | Apr 2025 |
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