1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | What are ion exchange membranes |
1.2. | Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins |
1.3. | Perfluorinated and hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes |
1.4. | Innovations in ion exchange membrane composition and manufacturing enable improved performance and service lifetime of integrated products |
1.5. | Global meta-trends impacting ion exchange membranes application markets |
1.6. | Overview of established and emerging applications of ion exchange membranes |
1.7. | Overview of growth opportunities for ion exchange materials in established markets |
1.8. | Ion exchange membrane applications in hydrogen fuel cells & electrolyzers |
1.9. | Key trends for ion exchange membranes in fuel cells & electrolyzers |
1.10. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries (RFBs): Summary and key takeaways |
1.11. | Ion exchange membranes in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS): Overview and key takeaways |
1.12. | Ion exchange materials in sustainable metal processing and recovery: Key takeaways |
1.13. | Implications of potential PFAS bans |
1.14. | Key membrane, resin, and ionomer players |
1.15. | Ion exchange membrane value chain and key manufacturers |
1.16. | Ion exchange membrane market player map |
1.17. | Regional market trends in ion exchange membranes |
1.18. | New entrants struggle to penetrate IEM market while emerging players focus on future opportunities |
1.19. | Leading membrane manufacturers partnering with early-stage companies |
1.20. | Large corporations back IEM start-ups while climate tech funds support downstream product integrators |
1.21. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
1.22. | Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast market share by application, 2025-2035 |
1.23. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
1.24. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by material (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | What are ion exchange membranes |
2.2. | Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins |
2.3. | Perfluorinated and hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes |
2.4. | Key ion exchange membranes technical development areas |
2.5. | Global meta-trends impacting ion exchange membranes application markets |
2.6. | Overview of established and emerging applications of ion exchange membranes |
2.7. | The role of ion exchange membranes in green hydrogen production and utilization |
2.8. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries |
2.9. | Ion exchange membranes in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) |
2.10. | Emerging critical material recovery markets and technologies |
2.11. | Implications of potential PFAS bans |
3. | ESTABLISHED ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL INDUSTRIES |
3.1. | Overview of Established Ion Exchange Material Industries |
3.1.1. | Chapter overview and key takeaways |
3.1.2. | Ion exchange membranes and ion exchange resins |
3.1.3. | Types of ion exchange materials and their applications |
3.1.4. | Ion exchange material technology overview |
3.1.5. | Established ion exchange markets and applications |
3.1.6. | Drivers for ion exchange materials adoption in established markets |
3.1.7. | Role of ion exchange materials in established markets |
3.1.8. | Key attributes of IEMs in established markets |
3.1.9. | Chemical stability of IEMs and application requirements |
3.1.10. | Membrane homogeneity: homogeneous vs heterogeneous |
3.1.11. | Key attributes of IERs in established markets |
3.2. | Chloralkali, Acid, and Alkali Recovery |
3.2.1. | Ion exchange membranes in acid and alkali recovery |
3.2.2. | Ion exchange materials in the chloralkali process |
3.2.3. | Chloralkali process flow and role of ion exchange materials |
3.2.4. | IEM innovation areas in the chloralkali process - throughput and energy consumption |
3.2.5. | IEM innovation areas in the chloralkali process - zero-gap cell designs |
3.2.6. | IEM innovation areas in the chloralkali process - brine pre-treatment |
3.2.7. | IEMs in salt splitting |
3.2.8. | Emerging opportunities for IEMs in salt splitting |
3.3. | Water Treatment and PFAS Removal |
3.3.1. | Ion exchange materials in water production and treatment |
3.3.2. | Ion exchange resins and membranes in water treatment |
3.3.3. | Filtration in water treatment and the role of ion exchange materials |
3.3.4. | IEMs in electrodialysis (ED) for water deionization |
3.3.5. | Ultra pure water production |
3.3.6. | Catalyst exchange resins for ultra pure water for semiconductors |
3.3.7. | Key attributes required for ion exchange materials in UPW production |
3.3.8. | UPW technology advancements (I) |
3.3.9. | UPW technology advancements (II) |
3.3.10. | Technology readiness level of water treatment solutions in semiconductor industry |
3.3.11. | PFAS removal from drinking water using ion exchange resins (IER) |
3.3.12. | Benchmarking of IER with GAC, RO technologies for PFAS removal |
3.3.13. | Anionic ion exchange resins: gel vs macroporous |
3.3.14. | Use of regenerable ion exchange resins for PFAS removal applications |
3.3.15. | Regenerable vs single-use ion exchange resins |
3.3.16. | Use of regenerable ion exchange resins for short-chain PFAS removal |
3.3.17. | Solvent-based regeneration of spent ion exchange resin: ECT2 |
3.3.18. | Commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
3.3.19. | Chemistry of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
3.3.20. | Particle size distribution of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
3.3.21. | Uniformity of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
3.3.22. | Capacity of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
3.3.23. | Moisture retention of commercially available PFAS-selective resins |
3.3.24. | Technology readiness level (TRL) for PFAS removal technologies |
3.4. | Other Established Markets |
3.4.1. | Mining and battery metal recovery |
3.4.2. | Battery material recovery and purification using IERs |
3.4.3. | IER materials for metal recovery |
3.4.4. | Ion exchange materials in chemical production |
3.4.5. | Ion exchange materials in food and pharmaceuticals |
3.4.6. | Ion exchange resins in pharmaceuticals |
3.5. | Summary |
3.5.1. | Summary and key conclusions |
3.5.2. | Technology readiness level of emerging ion exchange applications in established markets |
3.5.3. | Overview of growth opportunities for ion exchange materials in established markets |
4. | IEMS IN GREEN HYDROGEN |
4.1. | Overview of IEMs in the Green Hydrogen Economy |
4.1.1. | The colors of hydrogen |
4.1.2. | State of the hydrogen market today |
4.1.3. | Why is green hydrogen needed? |
4.1.4. | The role of ion exchange membranes in green hydrogen production and utilization |
4.1.5. | Typical green hydrogen plant layout |
4.1.6. | Typical green hydrogen plant layout |
4.1.7. | Electrolyzer cells, stacks and balance of plant (BOP) |
4.1.8. | Green hydrogen: main electrolyzer technologies |
4.1.9. | Commercial progress of green hydrogen |
4.1.10. | Hydrogen Value Chain Overview |
4.1.11. | Overview of Hydrogen Applications |
4.1.12. | What are fuel cells? |
4.1.13. | Overview of the types of fuel cell technologies |
4.1.14. | PEM electrolyzer vs PEM fuel cell |
4.1.15. | Fuel Cells Used in Different Applications |
4.1.16. | Overview of the application areas for stationary fuel cells |
4.1.17. | Automotive PEMFC demand far exceeds that of stationary applications |
4.1.18. | Stationary fuel cell demand will vary by application |
4.1.19. | IDTechEx Outlook on Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) |
4.2. | Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (AEMELs) |
4.2.1. | Anion exchange membrane electrolyzer (AEMEL) plant - operating principles |
4.2.2. | The case for AEMEL development |
4.2.3. | AEMEL materials & components summary |
4.2.4. | Innovation priorities for AEMEL materials & components |
4.2.5. | Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in AEMELs |
4.2.6. | Anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials |
4.2.7. | AEM material challenges & prospects |
4.2.8. | Comparison of commercial AEM materials |
4.2.9. | Commercial AEM material examples |
4.2.10. | AEMEL membrane electrode assembly (MEA) |
4.2.11. | Commercial AEMEL MEA design |
4.2.12. | AEMEL catalysts summary |
4.2.13. | Enapter - the leading AEMEL company |
4.2.14. | AEMEL stack & anion exchange membrane suppliers |
4.3. | Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMELS) and Fuel Cells (PEMFCS) |
4.3.1. | Proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) |
4.3.2. | US DOE technical targets for PEMEL |
4.3.3. | PEMEL materials & components summary |
4.3.4. | PEMEL cell design example - Siemens Energy |
4.3.5. | PEMEL & PEMFC component overlap |
4.3.6. | PEMEL materials & components summary |
4.3.7. | Innovation priorities for PEMEL materials & components |
4.3.8. | Proton exchange membrane overview |
4.3.9. | Overview of PFSA membranes |
4.3.10. | Overview of PFSA membranes |
4.3.11. | Nafion - the market leading membrane |
4.3.12. | Nafion properties & grades |
4.3.13. | PFSA membrane property comparison |
4.3.14. | Property benchmarking of alternative membranes |
4.3.15. | Membrane degradation processes overview |
4.3.16. | Membrane degradation processes |
4.3.17. | Membrane degradation processes |
4.3.18. | Pros & cons of Nafion & PFSA membranes |
4.3.19. | Chemours gas recombination catalyst additive research |
4.3.20. | Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) overview |
4.3.21. | Typical catalyst coated membrane (CCM) |
4.3.22. | Future directions for MEAs: H₂/O₂ recombination layer |
4.3.23. | Reducing PEMEL membrane thickness without impacting safety (1/2) |
4.3.24. | Reducing PEMEL membrane thickness without impacting safety (2/2) |
4.3.25. | Minimizing LCOH with proton exchange membranes (PEM) |
4.3.26. | PEMEL membrane suppliers |
4.3.27. | PEMEL stack suppliers |
4.3.28. | What is a PEM fuel cell? |
4.3.29. | Applications for fuel cells and major players |
4.3.30. | Major components for PEM fuel cells |
4.3.31. | Purpose of the ion exchange membrane in PEMFCs |
4.3.32. | Form factor and other key properties of IEMs in PEMFCs |
4.3.33. | Property benchmarking of membranes |
4.3.34. | Example supply chain for proton exchange membranes - Gore |
4.3.35. | Innovations in PEMFC membranes may influence PEMEL (1/2) |
4.3.36. | High temperature PEMFCs (HT-PEMFCs) |
4.3.37. | Innovations in PEMFC membranes may influence PEMEL (2/2) |
4.3.38. | Alternative FC developments using phosphoric acid - HT-PEMFCs |
4.3.39. | Ongoing Concerns with PFAS |
4.3.40. | Hydrocarbons as PEM fuel cell membranes |
4.3.41. | Alternative PEM materials: Hydrocarbon IEMs |
4.3.42. | Assessment of hydrocarbon membranes |
4.3.43. | Benchmarking of Ionomr membrane against incumbent PFAS membrane |
4.3.44. | Alternative PEM materials: Graphene composites |
4.3.45. | Outlook for Proton Exchange Membranes |
5. | IEMS IN ENERGY STORAGE AND CCUS |
5.1. | Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) |
5.1.1. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries (RFBs): Summary and key takeaways |
5.1.2. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries: Introduction |
5.1.3. | RFB cell stack materials map |
5.1.4. | Ion exchange membranes in redox flow batteries: Overview |
5.1.5. | Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (1) |
5.1.6. | Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (2) |
5.1.7. | Ion exchange membranes in RFBs: Membrane manufacturers (3) |
5.1.8. | IEM materials contribute significantly to overall RFB stack cost |
5.1.9. | Overview of redox flow battery chemistries and IEM requirements |
5.1.10. | Evaluation of redox flow battery technologies and commercial maturity |
5.1.11. | RFB applications and revenues overview |
5.1.12. | RFB technology integrator player map, by RFB chemistry |
5.1.13. | IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (I) |
5.1.14. | IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (II) |
5.1.15. | IEM material innovation areas in RFBs (III) |
5.1.16. | Impact of potential ban on PFSA materials on RFB market |
5.2. | CCUS: Electrochemical Direct Capture and Electrochemical E-fuel Synthesis |
5.2.1. | IEMs in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS): Overview and key takeaways |
5.2.2. | What is direct air capture (DAC)? |
5.2.3. | Solid sorbents are the leading DACCS technology |
5.2.4. | Direct Air Capture Technology Landscape |
5.2.5. | Electroswing/electrochemical DAC |
5.2.6. | Types of electrochemical direct air capture (DAC) (1/2) |
5.2.7. | Types of electrochemical DAC (2/2) |
5.2.8. | IEMs in electrochemical direct air capture technologies (I) |
5.2.9. | IEMs in electrochemical direct air capture technologies (II) |
5.2.10. | Benchmarking electrochemical DAC methods |
5.2.11. | Technical challenges in electrochemical DAC |
5.2.12. | Electrochemical DAC costs depend strongly on electricity prices |
5.2.13. | Direct air capture: Opportunities and Barriers |
5.2.14. | Electrochemical DAC company landscape |
5.2.15. | Direct ocean capture |
5.2.16. | Roles of electrodialysis in direct ocean capture DOC |
5.2.17. | Future direct ocean capture technologies |
5.2.18. | Emergence of direct ocean capture as a promising CDR technology |
5.2.19. | State of technology in direct ocean capture |
5.2.20. | Barriers remain for direct ocean capture |
5.2.21. | Carbon dioxide utilization |
5.2.22. | IEMs in CO₂ electrolyzers for utilization |
5.2.23. | Formic acid production from CO₂ |
5.2.24. | Direct methanol synthesis from H₂O & CO₂ |
5.2.25. | ePTFE reinforced AEMs used in integrated carbon capture and utilization system |
6. | ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE METALS |
6.1. | Overview of material recovery & extraction |
6.1.1. | What are critical materials |
6.1.2. | The number of critical materials is increasing globally |
6.1.3. | Emerging critical material recovery markets and technologies |
6.2. | Ion exchange materials in direct lithium extraction |
6.2.1. | Introduction to direct lithium extraction (DLE) |
6.2.2. | Overview of ion technologies for lithium recovery |
6.2.3. | Sorbent materials |
6.2.4. | Preparation of ion sieves and ion-sieve effect |
6.2.5. | Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents (1) |
6.2.6. | Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents (2) |
6.2.7. | Sorbent composites |
6.2.8. | Sorbent-based process designs |
6.2.9. | Ion exchange processes for lithium extraction |
6.2.10. | Purification of lithium brines using hydrocarbon ion exchange resins |
6.2.11. | SWOT analysis of ion exchange technologies |
6.2.12. | Technology developers in the space of ion exchange DLE |
6.2.13. | Electrically-driven membrane processes - electrodialysis (ED) |
6.2.14. | LiOH production using bipolar electrodialysis |
6.2.15. | Electrodialysis technology scaling in Australia for lithium extraction |
6.2.16. | Electrically-driven membrane processes - ionic liquid membrane electrodialysis (ED) |
6.2.17. | Membrane processes for lithium recovery - examples |
6.2.18. | Membrane materials |
6.2.19. | Membranes for lithium filtration during refining |
6.2.20. | Technology developers in the space of membrane technologies |
6.2.21. | SWOT analysis of membrane technologies |
6.3. | Battery Recycling |
6.3.1. | Overview of the Li-ion battery circular economy |
6.3.2. | Ion exchange resins can be adapted to recycling of Li-ion battery materials |
6.3.3. | Ion exchange resin chemistries for battery metal recovery |
6.3.4. | Emerging opportunities for IEMs in lithium salt splitting |
6.3.5. | Challenges facing bipolar electrodialysis in Li-ion battery recycling |
6.4. | Ion exchange resins in rare-earth element recovery |
6.4.1. | Critical rare-earth elements (REEs): Geographic concentration of primary material supply chain |
6.4.2. | Rare-earth element demand concentrating in magnet applications |
6.4.3. | Rare-earth element content in secondary material sources |
6.4.4. | Metal recovery using ion exchange resins |
6.4.5. | Critical metal extraction using ion exchange resins |
6.4.6. | Commercial rare-earth element recovery using ion exchange resin chromatography |
6.4.7. | Emerging business model for REE recovery using IERs |
6.4.8. | SWOT analysis of ion exchange resin recovery technology |
6.4.9. | Technology readiness of REE recovery technologies |
6.4.10. | Rare-earth magnet recycling value chain |
6.4.11. | Innovation areas for rare-earth magnet recycling |
6.5. | Ion exchange membranes in green ironmaking |
6.5.1. | Emissions from steelmaking |
6.5.2. | Breakdown of CO₂ emissions from the iron & steelmaking process |
6.5.3. | IEMs in green ironmaking (I) |
6.5.4. | IEMs in green ironmaking (II) |
6.6. | Summary |
6.6.1. | Key takeaways - Sustainable metals processing and recovery |
6.6.2. | Technology readiness level of ion exchange technologies in sustainable metals processing and recovery |
6.6.3. | Key players in ion exchange technology for sustainable metals processing |
7. | MEMBRANE MANUFACTURING LANDSCAPE |
7.1. | Overview of ion exchange membrane manufacturing landscape |
7.1.1. | Production of PFAS membranes |
7.1.2. | Fluoropolymers in the polymer pyramid |
7.1.3. | PFSA ionomer design |
7.1.4. | PFSA membrane extrusion casting process |
7.1.5. | PFSA membrane solution casting process |
7.1.6. | Special release membrane for PFSA solution casting process |
7.1.7. | PFSA membrane dispersion casting process |
7.1.8. | Melt-blowing PEM manufacturing process - NRC Canada |
7.1.9. | Improvements to PFSA membranes |
7.1.10. | Trade-offs in optimizing membrane performance |
7.1.11. | Improving dimensional and mechanical stability using simultaneous stretching |
7.1.12. | Reinforced PFAS membranes: Multilayer vs woven membranes |
7.1.13. | Chemours reinforced Nafion membranes |
7.1.14. | Gore reinforced SELECT membranes |
7.1.15. | Reinforcing ion exchange membranes using multilayer co-extrusion |
7.1.16. | Innovation areas for reinforced multilayer IEMs |
7.1.17. | PFSA composite materials |
7.1.18. | Graphene composites |
7.1.19. | Alternatives to PFAS in ion exchange membranes |
7.1.20. | PFAS Regulations Affecting PEM Fuel Cells & Electrolysers |
7.1.21. | Chemours' focus on responsible manufacturing of Nafion |
7.1.22. | Key Parameters Required to Replace PFAS Membranes |
7.1.23. | Emerging Alternative Membranes |
7.1.24. | Hydrocarbon membranes are leading competitors to PFAS-containing membranes |
7.1.25. | Alternative polymer materials for ion exchange membranes |
7.1.26. | Commercial hydrocarbon AEM material examples (I) |
7.1.27. | Commercial hydrocarbon AEM material examples (II) |
7.1.28. | Boron-containing hydrocarbon membranes |
7.1.29. | Other non-PBI containing ion solvating membranes |
7.1.30. | Glass-filled cross-linked PEEK for improved membrane stiffness |
7.1.31. | Bio-based PFSA-free membranes based on cellulose |
7.1.32. | Inorganic and inorganic-organic hybrid ion exchange membranes |
7.1.33. | Inorganic membranes: Membrion |
7.1.34. | Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) - overview |
7.1.35. | MOF applications in ion exchange membranes |
7.1.36. | MOF-based ion exchange membranes are not ready for commercialization |
7.1.37. | Commercial maturity of PFAS alternatives in ion exchange membranes |
7.1.38. | Other ion exchange material innovations |
7.1.39. | Amphoteric ion exchange membranes (I) |
7.1.40. | Amphoteric ion exchange membranes (II) |
7.1.41. | Research in amphoteric IEMs for RFBs |
7.2. | Ion exchange membrane manufacturer overview and market trends |
7.2.1. | Ion exchange membrane market player map |
7.2.2. | Ion exchange membrane value chain and key manufacturers |
7.2.3. | Key membrane manufacturers, by region |
7.2.4. | Key membrane manufacturers, by membrane material |
7.2.5. | PFSA membranes will remain cost competitive until hydrocarbon membrane high volume applications are realized |
7.2.6. | Regional IEM market trends: Asia-Pacific |
7.2.7. | Regional IEM market trends: North America |
7.2.8. | Regional IEM market trends: Europe |
7.2.9. | Leading membrane manufacturers partnering with early-stage companies |
7.2.10. | Large corporations back IEM start-ups while climate tech funds support downstream product integrators |
7.2.11. | New entries struggle to penetrate ion exchange membrane market while emerging player focus on future ion exchange membrane markets |
7.2.12. | Key players: Asia-Pacific |
7.2.13. | Asia-Pacific: Asahi Kasei (I) |
7.2.14. | Asia-Pacific: Asahi Kasei (II) |
7.2.15. | Asia-Pacific: AGC |
7.2.16. | Asia-Pacific: Dongyue Group |
7.2.17. | Asia-Pacific: Suzhou Kerun New Materials |
7.2.18. | Asia-Pacific: ASTOM Corporation / Tokuyama |
7.2.19. | Asia-Pacific: Hyproof Technologies (I) |
7.2.20. | Asia-Pacific: Hyproof Technologies (II) |
7.2.21. | Asia-Pacific - Fujifilm (ion exchange membrane activities terminated) |
7.2.22. | Key players: North America |
7.2.23. | North America: Chemours (I) |
7.2.24. | North America: Chemours (II) |
7.2.25. | North America: W.L. Gore (I) |
7.2.26. | North America: W.L. Gore (II) |
7.2.27. | Example supply chain for proton exchange membranes - Gore |
7.2.28. | North America: Membrion |
7.2.29. | North America: Orion polymer (I) |
7.2.30. | North America: Orion polymer (II) |
7.2.31. | North America: Ionomr Innovations (I) |
7.2.32. | North America: Ionomr Innovations (II) |
7.2.33. | North America: Versogen |
7.2.34. | North America: Dioxide Materials |
7.2.35. | North America: 3M |
7.2.36. | North America: Alfa Chemistry |
7.2.37. | Key players: Europe |
7.2.38. | Europe: Fumatech |
7.2.39. | Europe: BASF |
7.2.40. | Europe: Evonik (I) |
7.2.41. | Europe: Evonik (II) |
7.2.42. | Europe: Veolia |
7.2.43. | Europe: Veolia (II) |
7.2.44. | Europe: Syensqo |
8. | MARKET FORECASTS |
8.1. | Market forecast overview |
8.1.1. | Forecasting methodology |
8.1.2. | Forecasting assumptions |
8.1.3. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.1.4. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane weight forecast by application (tonnes per annum), 2025-2035 |
8.1.5. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
8.1.6. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane area demand forecast by material (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.1.7. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane weight forecast by material (tonnes per annum), 2025-2035 |
8.1.8. | 10-year global ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast by material (US$M), 2025-2035 |
8.1.9. | 10-year global PFSA membrane area forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.1.10. | 10-year global PFSA membrane revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
8.1.11. | 10-year global hydrocarbon membrane forecast by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.1.12. | 10-year global hydrocarbon membrane forecast by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
8.2. | Market Forecasts for Emerging Applications |
8.2.1. | Hydrogen (Fuel Cells) - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast, by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
8.2.2. | Hydrogen (Fuel Cells) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast, by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.2.3. | Hydrogen (Electrolyzers) - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast, by application (US$M), 2025-2035 |
8.2.4. | Hydrogen (Electrolyzers) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast, by application (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.2.5. | Hydrogen (Electrolyzers) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast, by material (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.2.6. | Redox flow batteries (RFBs) - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue, by material ($M), 2025-2035 |
8.2.7. | Redox flow batteries (RFBs) - Ion exchange membrane area demand forecast (000's m2), 2025-2035 |
8.2.8. | Carbon capture and utilization - Ion exchange membrane annual revenue forecast, by application ($M), 2025-2035 |
9. | COMPANY PROFILES |
9.1. | 3M: Ionomer Materials |
9.2. | Asahi Kasei: Aqualyzer (Green Hydrogen) |
9.3. | ASTOM |
9.4. | Brineworks |
9.5. | Electra |
9.6. | ElectraLith |
9.7. | EnergyX |
9.8. | ESTECH |
9.9. | Evonik |
9.10. | Fumatech |
9.11. | Hyproof Tech. |
9.12. | Ionomr Innovations |
9.13. | Jacobi Group |
9.14. | Marchante |
9.15. | NALA Membranes |
9.16. | Orion Polymer |
9.17. | Purolite: PFAS Remediation |
9.18. | ReElement Technologies |
9.19. | Seloxium |
9.20. | Summit Nanotech |
9.21. | thyssenkrupp nucera |
9.22. | Versogen |