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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Timeline of planned introduction of toxicants: examples |
1.3. | Two toxicity actions |
1.3.1. | Examples of toxicants with physical or chemical action |
1.3.2. | Magnifying the toxicity risk: the case for caution with nanoparticles |
1.4. | Many things to take into consideration |
1.5. | Across the periodic table |
1.6. | Usefulness of toxicity measurements |
1.6.1. | Lethal dose |
1.6.2. | Toxicity rating |
1.6.3. | Learnings from the toxicity literature |
1.7. | Toxicants of concern in electronics/ electrics: use, abuse, disposal |
1.7.1. | Toxicants of concern: primary conclusion |
1.7.2. | No need for urgent recall of anything so far |
1.7.3. | Greater study, control and avoidance of toxicants is appropriate |
1.7.4. | Particularly watch chemically active toxicants in electronics and electrics |
1.7.5. | The case for banning acetonitrile and when: 7 IDTechEx action criteria |
1.7.6. | The case for banning lead acid batteries and when: 7 IDTechEx action criteria |
1.8. | Devices of concern and relatively non poisonous alternatives: examples |
1.9. | Toxicants of concern in electronics/ electrics and its abuse/ disposal: examples |
1.10. | Voluntary rejection of toxicant use |
1.11. | Add to Beryllium in the table - update February 2019 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Definitions |
2.1.1. | Toxicity |
2.1.2. | Measurement: LD50 and Therapeutic Index |
2.2. | Scale of the problem |
2.2.1. | Potentially hazardous materials |
2.2.2. | Multiple dangers of nanoparticles and lack of understanding |
2.3. | Peak in overall car sales k globally - goodbye to many toxicants... |
2.4. | Medical benefits from small doses of toxicants |
2.5. | Lessons from diesel for electronic and electrical devices |
3. | POPULAR MATERIALS IN PRESENT AND FUTURE ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING |
3.1. | Most important materials in emerging devices |
3.2. | Most versatile materials for future electronics and electrics |
3.3. | Emerging devices: examples of those examined |
3.4. | Fine metals and semiconductors that will be most widely used - survey result |
3.5. | Fine inorganic compounds most widely needed - survey results |
3.5.1. | Overview |
3.5.2. | Quantum dots are a concern |
3.6. | Inorganic compounds - detailed results for 37 families of device |
3.6.1. | The 20 categories of chemical and physical property exploited by the key materials in the devices are identified |
3.7. | Allotropes of carbon most widely needed - survey result |
3.8. | Organic compounds most widely needed - survey results |
3.8.1. | Organic compounds needed in future electronics and electrics |
3.9. | Less prevalent or less established organic formulations |
3.10. | Energy harvesting options: toxicants of interest |
4. | SURFACE IRRITANTS IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING |
4.1. | Definition and seriousness |
4.2. | Carbon allotropes |
4.2.1. | Overview |
4.2.2. | Carbon black |
4.2.3. | Carbon nanotubes |
5. | ALTERNATIVES TO TOXICANTS IN ELECTRONICS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: EXAMPLES |
5.1. | Cadmium free quantum dot displays |
5.2. | Displays and smart glass |
5.3. | Graphene synthesis |
5.4. | Hydrogen synthesis |
5.5. | Lead free photovoltaic windows: Clearview Power |
5.6. | Lead free piezoelectrics: University of Oslo |
5.7. | Lithium-ion battery alternatives |
5.7.1. | Hurricane proof mobile desalinator without battery or toxic PV: MIT USA in Puerto Rico |
5.8. | Self Tinting Windows with Metal Choices |
5.8.1. | Biodegradable non-toxic sensor |
5.8.2. | Pressure sensor using no carcinogenic organics |
5.9. | Sensors |
5.10. | Thermoelectrics |
5.11. | Transparent luminescent solar concentrators quantum dot: Los Alamos |
5.12. | Flow batteries |
6. | BATTERY ELIMINATION |
6.1. | The need for batteries |
6.2. | Batteries are a huge success |
6.2.1. | Addressable battery market by end user segment $ billion |
6.2.2. | Battery volume demand in GWh by end use segment 2016-2026 |
6.3. | Problems with batteries |
6.4. | Ongoing lithium-ion fires and explosions |
6.4.1. | Computers, cars, aircraft |
6.4.2. | Hoverboards |
6.4.3. | Next Li-ion failures and production delays due to cutting corners |
6.5. | Impact of maintenance (battery change) |
6.6. | How to improve, shrink and eliminate batteries |
6.7. | Drivers and facilitators of battery elimination |
6.7.1. | How it becomes more necessary and easier |
6.7.2. | Rapid improvement in alternatives and more of them |
6.7.3. | How to eliminate batteries in zero emission power production |
6.7.4. | Huge potential |
6.7.5. | Battery Eliminator Circuits: drones, eliminating PbA EV battery |
6.8. | Roadmap to elimination of energy storage and sales resulting |
6.9. | Best practice of energy storage elimination today |
6.9.1. | University of Washington USA microwatt phone |
6.9.2. | Triboelectric toys USA |
6.9.3. | CO sensor powered by ambient radio |
6.9.4. | EnOcean Germany microwatt to 3W |
6.9.5. | Battery elimination today at kW |
6.9.6. | IFEVS Italy electric restaurant van |
6.9.7. | Cargo Trike UK |
6.9.8. | Nuna8 Solar racer Netherlands |
6.9.9. | Stella Lux Netherlands energy positive car |
6.9.10. | Solar Ship Canada inflatable wing Canada 10kW |
6.9.11. | MARS UK autonomous boat |
6.10. | Dynamic charging from road Korea |
6.11. | Battery elimination from currently developed land-based technologies |
6.12. | Robot ships, off-grid power, diesel genset replacement: high power off-grid without batteries |
6.13. | Grid, microgrid, genset without batteries one day |
6.13.1. | Hurricane proof mobile desalinator without battery or toxic PV: MIT USA in Puerto Rico |
Slides | 196 |
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Companies | 103 |
Forecasts to | 2028 |