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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2017-2027 by applicational sector |
1.1. | Range extender market in 2027 |
1.1. | Number of hybrid vehicles sold globally (in thousands), this being approximately equal to the number of range extender sets in later years |
1.2. | Range extender numbers (thousand) 2017-2027 |
1.2. | EV market 2017 and 2027 identifying hybrids |
1.2. | Number of hybrid vehicles sold globally (in thousands), this being approximately equal to the number of range extender sets in later years |
1.3. | Range extender numbers (thousand), unit price (US$) and market value (US$ million) 2017-2027 |
1.3. | Hybrid and pure electric vehicles compared |
1.3. | Range extender unit price (US$) 2017-2027 |
1.4. | Range extender market value (US$ million) 2017-2027 |
1.4. | Hybrid market drivers |
1.4. | Three generations of range extender with examples of construction, manufacturer and power output |
1.5. | What will be required of a range extender 2017-2027 |
1.5. | Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vs pure electric vehicles |
1.6. | Indicative trend of charging and electrical storage for large hybrid vehicles over the next decade |
1.6. | Three generations of range extender |
1.7. | Why range extenders need lower power over the years |
1.7. | Evolution of construction of range extenders over the coming decade |
1.8. | Examples of range extender technology in the shaft vs no shaft categories |
1.8. | Energy harvesting - mostly ally not alternative |
1.9. | Key trends for range extended vehicles |
1.9. | Trend of size of largest (in red) and smallest (in green) fuel cell sets used in bus trials worldwide 1991-2011 |
1.10. | Evolution of lower power range extenders for large vehicles |
1.10. | Combining heating and range-extension for electric vehicles |
1.11. | Emergency range extenders |
1.11. | The most powerful energy harvesting in vehicles |
1.12. | The gull wing BMW i8 |
1.12. | Latest timelines |
1.12.1. | Piston engine use and rotary engine tests |
1.12.2. | Gas turbines |
1.12.3. | Delta Motorsport microturbine |
1.12.4. | Fuel cell rollouts |
1.13. | BMW |
1.13. | Workhorse E-Gen electric delivery vehicle |
1.13.1. | BMW i supply agreement with Workhorse Group - October 2016 |
1.14. | Effect of 2015 oil price collapse on electric vehicles |
1.14. | Types of range extender by cost and local emission, with the zero emission options compared with energy harvesting, all of which has zero local emission. |
1.15. | Types of energy harvesting by type of vehicle |
1.15. | Range extender synergy with energy harvesting |
1.16. | Interviews |
1.16. | Magna International fuel cell range-extended electric vehicle |
1.17. | Lessons from CENEX LCV event UK |
1.18. | Aquarius Engines and range extender futures - December 2016 |
1.19. | Torqeedo small boat RE new in 2017 |
1.20. | Nissan 3 cylinder piston range extender in 2017 |
1.21. | Jet engine aircraft range extenders |
1.22. | Magna International self-charging fuel cell vehicle 2017 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Price premium for hybrid buses |
2.1. | Types of electric vehicle |
2.1. | ThunderVolt hybrid bus |
2.2. | BAE Systems powertrain in a bus |
2.2. | Many fuels |
2.3. | Born electric |
2.3. | Hybrid bus powertrain |
2.4. | Hybrid car powertrain using CNG |
2.4. | Pure electric vehicles are improving |
2.4.1. | Battery gambles |
2.4.2. | Many solutions |
2.4.3. | Agriculture |
2.4.4. | Many niches |
2.4.5. | The end game approaches: Energy Independent Electric Vehicles EIV |
2.5. | Series vs parallel hybrid |
2.5. | Mitsubishi hybrid outdoor forklift replacing a conventional ICE vehicle |
2.6. | Hybrid military vehicle that replaces a conventional ICE version |
2.6. | Modes of operation of hybrids |
2.6.1. | Plug in hybrids |
2.6.2. | Charge-depleting mode |
2.6.3. | Blended mode |
2.6.4. | Charge-sustaining mode |
2.6.5. | Mixed mode |
2.7. | Microhybrid is a misnomer |
2.7. | Hybrid sports boat replacing a conventional ICE version |
2.8. | CAF-E hybrid motorcycle design based on a Prius type of drivetrain |
2.8. | Deep hybridisation |
2.9. | Battery cost and performance are key |
2.9. | Hybrid tugboat replacing a conventional ICE version to meet new pollution laws and provide stronger pull from stationary |
2.10. | EP Tender |
2.10. | Hybrid price premium |
2.11. | What is a range extender? |
2.11. | Autonomous car trends |
2.11.1. | First generation range extender technology |
2.11.2. | Second generation range extender technology |
2.11.3. | Third generation range extender technology |
2.11.4. | Single cylinder range extenders |
2.12. | EP Tender assessments and proposal Late 2016. |
2.12. | PEM fuel cells |
2.13. | Market position of fuel cell range extenders |
2.13. | Some hybrid variants |
2.14. | Evolution of plug in vs mild hybrids |
2.14. | Energy harvesting and regenerative acceleration |
2.15. | Trend to deep hybridisation |
2.16. | Evolution of hybrid structure |
2.17. | Battery price assisting price of hybrid and pure electric vehicles as a function of power stored |
2.18. | Electric machine and ICE sub-assembly |
2.19. | 48V Model chosen |
2.20. | The principle of the Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells |
3. | MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR REEVS |
3.1. | Range extenders for land craft |
3.1. | Northrop Grumman surveillance airship with fuel cell range extender and energy harvesting for virtually unlimited range |
3.2. | Light utility aircraft - power-systems weight comparison |
3.2. | Range Extenders for electric aircraft |
3.2.1. | Military aircraft |
3.3. | Light primary trainer - power-systems weight comparison |
3.3. | Comparisons |
3.4. | Fuel cells in aviation |
3.4. | Battery and jet fuel loading |
3.5. | Pilot plus payload vs range for fuel cell light aircraft and alternatives |
3.5. | Civil aircraft |
3.6. | Range extenders for marine craft |
3.6. | Total weight vs flight time for PEM fuel cell planes |
3.7. | Takeoff gross weight breakdowns. Left: Conventional reciprocating-engine-powered airplane. Right: Fuel-cell-powered airplane. |
3.8. | JAMSTEC Fuel Cell Underwater Vehicle FCUV |
4. | RANGE EXTENDER DEVELOPERS AND MANUFACTURERS |
4.1. | Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven |
4.1. | AeroVironment Raven |
4.1. | Advanced Magnet Laboratory USA |
4.2. | AeroVironment / Protonex Technology USA |
4.2. | Raven enhancement |
4.3. | Aqua Puma |
4.3. | Austro Engine Austria |
4.4. | Bladon Jets UK |
4.4. | AeroVironment Helios |
4.5. | Global Observer first flight August 2010 |
4.5. | BMW Germany |
4.6. | Brayton Energy USA |
4.6. | Bladon Jets gas turbine range extender for cars and light aircraft and the Jaguar CX75 |
4.7. | Jaguar Land Rover |
4.7. | Capstone Turbine Corporation USA |
4.8. | Compound Rotary Engines UK |
4.8. | Latest Bladon Jets design |
4.9. | Range extender for BMW i3 electric car |
4.9. | Daimler AG inc Mercedes Benz Germany |
4.10. | DLR German Aerospace Center Germany |
4.10. | Capstone microturbine |
4.10.1. | Free piston range extenders |
4.11. | Capstone turbine in a Japanese bus |
4.11. | Duke Engine axial piston |
4.12. | EcoMotors |
4.12. | Various sizes of Capstone MicroTurbines |
4.13. | Daimler roadmap for commercial vehicles |
4.13. | Ener1 USA |
4.14. | ETV Motors Israel |
4.14. | DLR fuel cell and the electric A320 airliner nose wheel it drives when the airliner is on the ground. |
4.15. | Holstenblitz fuel cell car trial |
4.15. | FEV USA |
4.16. | Flight Design Germany |
4.16. | A new power generator for hybrid vehicles |
4.17. | EcoMotors opposing piston range extender |
4.17. | Getrag Germany |
4.18. | GSE USA |
4.18. | FEV extreme downsized range extender engine |
4.19. | GSE mini diesel driving a propeller |
4.19. | Hüttlin Germany |
4.20. | Hyperdrive UK |
4.20. | Greg Stevenson (left) and Gene Sheehan, Fueling Team GFC contender, with GSE Engines. |
4.21. | Block diagram of the Frank/Stevenson parallel hybrid system |
4.21. | Libralato UK |
4.21.1. | Libralato technology |
4.21.2. | Avoiding the problems of the Wankel engine |
4.21.3. | The company |
4.22. | Intelligent Energy UK |
4.22. | Libralato cycle |
4.23. | Fuel cell taxi trials |
4.23. | KSPG Germany |
4.24. | LiquidPiston USA |
4.24. | Fuel cell development |
4.25. | KSPG 30kW V2 range extender for small cars |
4.25. | Lotus Engineering UK |
4.26. | MAHLE Powertrain UK |
4.26. | The LiquidPiston engine |
4.27. | New two cylinder range extender from Lotus Engineering |
4.27. | Mazda Japan |
4.28. | Nissan Japan |
4.28. | Lotus hybrid powertrain and second generation range extender ICE |
4.29. | Lotus three and two cylinder range extenders |
4.29. | Peec-Power BV The Netherlands |
4.30. | Polaris Industries Switzerland |
4.30. | Proton EMAS |
4.31. | MAHLE range extenders |
4.31. | Powertrain Technologies UK |
4.32. | Proton Power Systems plc UK/Germany |
4.32. | MAHLE compact range extender |
4.33. | MAHLE range extender at EVS26 2012 |
4.33. | Ricardo UK |
4.34. | Suzuki Japan |
4.34. | Polaris REX range extender left with generator, right with peripherals as well |
4.35. | Location of technical advances in Polaris range extender |
4.35. | Tacita Italy |
4.36. | Techrules China |
4.36. | Ricardo Wolverine engine for hybrid UAVs |
4.37. | Toyota FPEG options and piston geometry |
4.37. | Toyota Japan |
4.38. | Urbee Canada |
4.38. | Volkswagen XL1 hybrid concept |
4.39. | Volkswagen Germany |
4.40. | Volvo Sweden/China |
4.40.1. | Long term major work |
4.40.2. | Volvo V8 performance with four cylinders |
4.41. | Warsaw University of Technology, Poland |
5. | RANGE EXTENDER INTEGRATORS |
5.1. | ACAL Energy UK |
5.1. | Adura powertrain with microturbine. |
5.2. | Ashok Leyland CNG hybrid bus |
5.2. | Airbus (formerly EADS) Germany |
5.3. | Altria Controls USA |
5.3. | Azure Dynamics hybrid powertrain |
5.4. | Bus with BAE Systems hybrid power train |
5.4. | Ashok Leyland India |
5.5. | Audi Germany |
5.5. | Boeing fuel cell aircraft |
5.6. | ENFICA FC two seater fuel cell plane |
5.6. | AVL Austria |
5.7. | Azure Dynamics USA |
5.7. | Ford Lincoln hybrid car offered at no price premium over the conventional version |
5.8. | Frazer-Nash EREV powertrain |
5.8. | BAE Systems UK |
5.9. | BMW Germany |
5.9. | Namir EREV Supercar |
5.10. | Proton Exora |
5.10. | Boeing Dreamworks USA |
5.11. | Chrysler USA |
5.11. | Chevrolet Volt powertrain |
5.12. | Honda IMA |
5.12. | ENFICA-FC Italy |
5.13. | Ford USA |
5.13. | Hyundai Blue hybrid car |
5.14. | Hyundai fuel cell powered car |
5.14. | Frazer-Nash UK |
5.15. | General Motors including Opel |
5.15. | The LPE REEV concept car |
5.16. | Marion Hyper-Sub Submersible Powerboat |
5.16. | Honda Japan |
5.17. | Hyundai Korea |
5.17. | Skyspark in flight |
5.18. | Suzuki Burgman fuel cell scooter |
5.18. | Jaguar Land Rover UK |
5.19. | Langford Performance Engineering Ltd UK |
5.19. | Suzuki concept fuel cell motorcycle headed for production |
5.20. | Tata Motors roadmap for hybrid commercial vehicles |
5.20. | Marion HSPD USA |
5.21. | Pipistrel Slovenia |
5.21. | Toyota Prius hybrid car is the world's best selling electric car |
5.22. | Toyota hybrid forklift |
5.22. | SAIC China |
5.23. | Skyspark Italy |
5.23. | Hybrid quad bike |
5.24. | Hydrogenius |
5.24. | Suzuki Japan |
5.25. | Tata Motors India |
5.25. | Volvo hybrid bus |
5.26. | Volvo technical concept 1 |
5.26. | Toyota Japan |
5.27. | Université de Sherbrooke Canada |
5.27. | Volvo technical concept 2 |
5.28. | Volvo technical concept 3 |
5.28. | University of Stuttgart Germany |
5.29. | Volvo Sweden/ China |
5.30. | Walkera China |
5.31. | Wrightspeed USA |
5.32. | Yo-Avto Russia |
6. | RECENT ADVANCES |
6.1. | Latest update on Taiwan Automotive International Forum and Exhibition October 2014 |
6.2. | Electric vehicles set for 2014 MPG Marathon |
6.3. | Hydrogen fuel cell range extenders double the range of EV trucks |
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 175 |
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Tables | 6 |
Figures | 109 |
Forecasts to | 2027 |