Rare Earth Magnets 2026-2036: Technologies, Supply, Markets, Forecasts

Rare earth magnet market, NdFeB magnets and SmCo magnets for electric vehicles, robotics, energy and data centers. Rare earth supply chains, including mining, refining, magnet production. Magnet supply, demand and recycling market forecasts

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Rare earth magnet market to exceed US$9.19B by 2036 as demand grows
IDTechEx forecasts that the global rare earth magnet market will reach US$9.19B by 2036, with electric vehicle, robotics, wind energy, and data center markets driving demand for high-performance rare earth magnets. This IDTechEx report provides comprehensive analysis and benchmarking of rare earth magnet technologies, including neodymium magnets and samarium-cobalt magnets. Manufacturing innovations and trends in design and integration of rare earth magnets into electric motor, energy generator, and actuator applications are discussed. IDTechEx's report surveys global rare earth magnet supply chain capacity, expansion plans and the emerging magnet recycling market. Granular 10-year rare earth magnet market forecasts, including magnet supply, demand and recycling by weight (tonnes) and annual revenue forecasts (US$M) are presented for NdFeB and SmCo magnets.
 
Global rare earth permanent magnet demand in 2025 in electric mobility, consumer electronics, data centers, industrial, and energy market applications. Source: IDTechEx.
 
High-performance rare earth magnets are increasingly critical materials
Rare earth magnets, such as NdFeB and SmCo, are the strongest commercially available high-performance magnets in 2025. NdFeB magnets demonstrate the highest magnetic strength (remanence) and maximum energy product (maximum magnetic energy stored in the magnet) and are suitable for most applications. SmCo magnets on the other hand offer greater resistance to demagnetization (coercivity) and higher operating temperatures (up to 350°C) than NdFeB. The high-performance and superior performance-per-weight attributes of rare earth magnets make them critical materials in motor, actuation, acoustic, and sensing applications.
 
However, rare earth elements used in magnets are critical materials, with highly consolidated supply from China and increasing economic importance in decarbonized energy and transport applications. Over the last decade, countries across the world have increasingly identified rare earths used in magnets (such as neodymium, samarium, dysprosium, terbium) as critical materials. IDTechEx's report evaluates the increasing criticality of rare earth elements in magnet applications.
 
Regional market share of global rare earth mining, processing, metallization, and magnet production in 2025. Source: IDTechEx.
 
Supply chain bottlenecks drive innovation in rare earth magnet production
China represents 69% of global rare earth element mining in 2025, with this share increasing towards 90% moving downstream through rare earth separation, metallization, and magnet production stages. Large domestic rare earth mining operations and highly integrated supply chains have enabled China to lead global rare earth magnet production and ensures that most of the world's critical rare earths are processed at one stage or another within the region.
 
Highly consolidated critical rare earth magnet production is driving rare earth supply chain growth across the USA, Europe, and Asia, as regions move to derisk supply. Recent export restrictions placed on dysprosium, terbium, and NdFeB materials in April 2025 further exposed supply risks and represents a driver for alternative magnet sources. IDTechEx's report provides rare earth magnet supply chain analysis, annual production, upcoming projects, timelines, and capacity forecasts across the entire supply chain, from mining and separation to refining and magnet production.
 
The development of new rare earth supply chains is creating opportunities for technological innovation in rare earth separation, refining, and magnet production. New midstream players are entering the market and scaling capacity, focused on solvent extraction and liquid chromatography technologies capable of accepting both primary (mining) and secondary (recycling) feedstocks. Downstream, the high cost and low availability of heavy rare earths is driving innovation in thrifting technologies that can improve rare earth magnet properties while reducing heavy rare earth content. IDTechEx's report evaluates rare earth refining, magnet technology innovations, including SWOT analysis, performance benchmarking, and key supplier information.
 
Rare earth magnets are key material technologies in energy, transport, and robotics
High-volume rare earth magnet market applications include electric vehicle motors, consumer electronics, industrial motors and wind turbine energy generators. Across most market verticals, electric motors represent the dominant rare earth magnet application by volume and weight, where rare earth magnets offer high magnetic strength and power density properties.
 
NdFeB magnets are the dominant rare earth magnet technology, representing 96% of global demand in 2025. Despite having a lower maximum operating temperature than other materials, most magnet applications operate between -40°C and 150°C, making NdFeB magnets the best solution. IDTechEx's report evaluates trends in magnet integration, component assembly, and competing magnet technologies in e-mobility, robotics consumer electronics and data centers, industrial and aerospace, energy, automotive and other key rare earth magnet markets.
 
Mega trends in decarbonized energy and transport, automation and AI will influence rare earth magnet demand over the next decade. This research report discusses key rare earth magnet growth markets, including e-mobility, humanoid robotics, and wind energy.
 
Rare earth magnet recycling set to grow 6.5x by 2036
Rare earth supply risks and increasing product demand are driving growth opportunities for rare earth magnet recycling technology. As critical rare earths increasingly consolidate in magnet applications, magnet recycling is emerging as an important source contributing towards overall global rare earth supply.
 
IDTechEx predicts that rare earth magnet recycling will increase 6.5x over the next decade and will represent up to 10% of global supply by 2036. Long-loop, magnet-to-oxide rare earth recyclers are positioned to process both primary and secondary feedstocks until end-of-life magnet waste volume and collection efficiencies improve. At the same time, short-loop magnet-to-magnet recyclers recovering valorized magnet alloys focus on advancing production and sale of recycled rare earth magnets.
 
Growth opportunities for rare earth magnet recycling are fueled by increasing engagement from downstream customers in e-mobility (e.g., Ford, BMW, JLR, Polestar), energy, and consumer electronics moving to establish circular rare earth supply chains. IDTechEx's report comprehensively evaluates emerging rare earth magnet recycling technologies, including hydrometallurgical solvent extraction, liquid chromatography, powder metallurgy and hydrogen decrepitation.
 
Rare earth magnet market to grow despite supply concerns
IDTechEx forecasts that the rare earth magnet market will grow to exceed US$9.19B in annual revenue in 2036, driven by growing demand in e-mobility, wind energy and robotics applications. This research report provides 10-year granular rare earth magnet supply, demand, and recycling forecasts, by weight (tonnes) and revenue (US$) segmented by region, application and materials.
 
Key aspects of this report
This report provides critical market intelligence on global rare earth magnet supply, demand, and recycling, covering magnet materials, emerging technology, key players, supply chains, and market forecasts. This includes:
  • History and context for rare earth magnet supply and demand leading to the classification as critical materials.
  • Regional rare earth supply chain analysis covering mineral deposits, mining, separation, refining and metallization, and magnet production.
  • Developments in global rare earth supply and production, including key players, production capacities, expansion plans and timelines, and regional 10-year outlooks.
  • Critical evaluation and SWOT analysis of incumbent and emerging rare earth separation, metallization, and magnet production technologies.
  • Discussion of key challenges facing rare earth supply chains, including price volatility, heavy rare earth availability, knowledge gaps, CapEx and OpEx requirements.
  • Overview of the evolving business models, private partnerships, and government support initiatives addressing industry challenges.
  • Comprehensive overview of rare earth magnet technologies, performance metrics, and innovation areas for neodymium magnets and samarium-cobalt magnets.
  • Technology and market trends in rare earth magnet application verticals, including magnets for electric vehicles, wind turbines, consumer electronics and data centers, robotics, industrial and aerospace, and automotive.
  • Overview of magnet demand in integrated products and trends in material composition, usage, and alternative magnet technologies.
  • Analysis of long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technologies and feedstock trends.
  • Comprehensive list of rare earth magnet recycling companies, recycling capacities, expansion plans and timelines, and key partnerships.
  • Case studies for circular rare earth magnet supply chains.
  • Granular 10-year market forecasts covering rare earth magnet supply, demand and recycling by weight (tonnes) and revenue (US$), segmented by region, application, and materials.
Report MetricsDetails
CAGRIDTechEx forecasts that the rare earth magnet market will grow at a CAGR of 3.9% for the 2026-2036 period.
Forecast Period2026 - 2036
Forecast UnitsWeight (tonnes), Revenue (US$M)
Regions CoveredWorldwide
Segments CoveredRare earth mining, separation, refining, NdFeB and SmCo magnet manufacturing, demand in e-mobility, consumer electronics and data centers, industrial and aerospace, energy, robotics and automotive, long-loop and short-loop recycling.
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1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.What are rare earth magnets
1.2.Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics
1.3.Rare earth magnets are applied in electric mobility, consumer electronics, data center, industrial, aerospace and energy markets
1.4.Rare earths are critical materials
1.5.Regional market share of rare earth mining, processing, metallization, and magnet production
1.6.Historical price volatility and recent technology and material export restrictions fuel rare earth supply uncertainty
1.7.Clusters of rare earth supply chains set to emerge by 2036
1.8.Rare earth magnet supply chain overview: Key players
1.9.Challenges facing emerging rare earth supply chains
1.10.Key takeaways and outlook for global rare earth mining
1.11.Solvent extraction remains the preferred rare earth separation technology amongst incumbent players as strategies diverge for emerging players
1.12.Rare earth metallization and magnet production trends and key takeaways
1.13.Emerging rare earth magnet production outlook outside of China, 2025-2036
1.14.Overview of global rare earth magnet demand in 2025
1.15.NdFeB and SmCo market share by demand and common applications
1.16.Rare earth permanent magnet product trends in key markets
1.17.Electric motor type market share forecast and outlook for NdFeB magnets in e-mobility
1.18.Wind turbine capacity expansion and increasing magnet usage will drive growth for NdFeB magnets
1.19.Humanoid robots are set to drive demand for rare earth magnets in robotics
1.20.Technology and market trends in rare earth magnet application verticals
1.21.Overview of key technologies for recycling rare earth magnets from waste
1.22.Long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technology assessment and key players
1.23.Overview of opportunities and trends for long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technologies
1.24.Availability of magnets for recycling influenced by lifetimes of integrated products and recycling efficiency
1.25.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast by region (tonnes), 2026-2036
1.26.10-year global rare earth magnet revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2026-2036
1.27.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling and capacity forecast by feedstock source (tonnes), 2026-2036
1.28.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling value forecast by material recovered (US$M), 2026-2036
1.29.Access More With an IDTechEx Subscription
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.What are rare earth magnets
2.2.Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics
2.3.Rare earths are critical materials
2.4.Rare earth element demand is concentrating in magnet applications
2.5.NdFeB magnets offer high magnetic strength while SmCo magnets are suited for high temperature operation
2.6.Rare earth magnets are applied in electric mobility, consumer electronics, data center, industrial, aerospace and energy markets
2.7.Overview of rare earth magnet supply chain
2.8.Rare earth supply and magnet production is consolidated in China
2.9.Historical price volatility and recent technology and material export restrictions fuel rare earth supply uncertainty
2.10.Drivers for emerging rare earth supply chains
2.11.Emerging policy and regulations on rare earth supply
3.RARE EARTH MINING, PROCESSING, AND MAGNET PRODUCTION
3.1.Overview of rare earth magnet supply chains
3.1.1.Overview of rare earth magnet supply chain
3.1.2.Regional market share of rare earth mining, processing, metallization, and magnet production
3.1.3.Clusters of rare earth supply chains set to emerge by 2036
3.1.4.Rare earth magnet supply chain overview: Key players
3.1.5.Challenges facing emerging rare earth supply chains
3.2.Rare earth mining
3.2.1.Overview of global rare earth mining
3.2.2.Key takeaways and outlook for global rare earth mining
3.2.3.Rare earth mining projects focus on just a handful of minerals
3.2.4.Rare earth content in bastnäsite, monazite, and xenotime minerals
3.2.5.Comparing hard rock and ionic clay rare earth deposits
3.2.6.Rare earth occurrences and deposits available across the world
3.2.7.Global rare earth production led by China, with USA, Myanmar and Australia key producers
3.2.8.Overview of major global rare earth mining projects
3.2.9.Regional breakdown of rare earth mining
3.2.10.China set to remain global leader in rare earth mine production by 2036, despite increasing capacity worldwide
3.2.11.Global rare earth mining expansion overview, 2025-2036
3.2.12.China continues to increase rare earth production, remaining major global producer
3.2.13.Notable mining projects and developments in China
3.2.14.Rare earth mine production in Asia benefits from proximity to processing and separation infrastructure in China
3.2.15.Rare earth production in Myanmar has steadily increased, benefiting from exports to China
3.2.16.In-situ leaching of rare earths from ion-adsorption clays
3.2.17.Overview of rare earth mine production in North America
3.2.18.North America: Mountain Pass
3.2.19.North America: Nechalacho Mine and Tardiff Project
3.2.20.Future rare earth mining projects in Canada
3.2.21.Overview of rare earth mine production in Australia and emerging projects
3.2.22.Australia: Mount Weld
3.2.23.Australia: Yangibana Project
3.2.24.Australia: Nolans Project
3.2.25.Australia: Goschen and Cannie Projects
3.2.26.Numerous projects hold high potential for rare earth mining in Africa
3.2.27.Overview of upcoming rare earth mining projects in Africa
3.2.28.Rare earth mining and opportunities in South America
3.2.29.Overview of emerging rare earth mining projects in Europe
3.2.30.Mineralogy of advanced projects in Europe
3.2.31.Light rare earths dominate European reserves, but total rare earth oxide content low compared to high grade deposits globally
3.2.32.Europe: Fen Project
3.2.33.Europe: Olserum Rare Earth Project
3.2.34.Rare earth mine development and economics
3.2.35.The lifecycle of rare earth mineral discovery: Activity and risks
3.2.36.Rare earth mineral discovery lifetime and value opportunities
3.2.37.Challenges facing new rare earth mine development towards production
3.2.38.Rare earth oxide price volatility presents challenges for financing new mines and impacts profitability of existing mines
3.2.39.Guarantors could derisk rare earth price volatility impact on new mines, but have yet to be validated
3.3.Rare earth processing and separation
3.3.1.Overview of rare earth processing, separation, and feedstock sources
3.3.2.Key takeaways and outlook for global rare earth processing and separation
3.3.3.Rare earth processing and separation technologies
3.3.4.Overview of rare earth processing and separation: From ore to oxide
3.3.5.Cracking and leaching rare earth concentrates
3.3.6.Hydrometallurgical processing of bastnaesite, monazite, and mixed rare earth concentrates
3.3.7.Bioleaching is an emerging rare earth extraction technology, but is unlikely to displace conventional cracking and leaching approaches
3.3.8.SWOT analysis of bioleaching for rare earth extraction
3.3.9.Solvent extraction and chromatography technologies for rare earth separation
3.3.10.Solvent extraction achieves sequential separation of rare earths using liquid-liquid extraction
3.3.11.Multiple solvent extraction lines are required to fully separate light and heavy rare earths from one another
3.3.12.Common chemicals and ligands used for rare earth separation
3.3.13.SWOT analysis of solvent extraction rare earth separation technology
3.3.14.Liquid chromatography rare earth separation technology offers feedstock flexibility
3.3.15.Overview of chromatography technologies and material requirements for rare earth separation
3.3.16.SWOT analysis of liquid chromatography rare earth separation technology
3.3.17.Solvent extraction remains standard rare earth separation technology, despite increasing liquid chromatography technology adoption
3.3.18.Global rare earth processing and separation capacity and expansion plans
3.3.19.Overview of global rare earth separation and processing in 2024
3.3.20.Global rare earth separation capacity and key players
3.3.21.China remains world leader in rare earth processing and separation, producing over 254,000 tonnes of separated rare earth oxides in 2024
3.3.22.China continues to ramp up rare earth processing and separation
3.3.23.Light and heavy rare earth separation and refining capacity in China
3.3.24.Rare earth processing capacity outside of China expected to increase five-fold by 2036
3.3.25.Outlook for increased rare earth processing and separation in China
3.3.26.China set to retain majority share of global rare earth separation by 2036, despite increasing capacity in Asia, North America, and Europe
3.3.27.Asia is a major rare earth processing and separation hub outside of China
3.3.28.Lynas Malaysia is an eastern hub for rare earth processing and crucial downstream processor for the Mount Weld mine
3.3.29.Asia set to remain important global rare earth processing hub outside of China
3.3.30.Rare-earth processing in Europe to expand, presenting opportunities for both solvent extraction and liquid chromatography technologies
3.3.31.Major rare earth separation projects in Europe
3.3.32.Emerging rare earth separation in Europe: Projects, capacities, timelines
3.3.33.Rare earth processing in North America could achieve 7-fold increase in capacity by 2035
3.3.34.Rare earth separation projects in North America
3.3.35.Emerging rare earth separation projects in North America
3.3.36.Australia rare earth carbonate production to ramp up, but separation capacity remains limited
3.3.37.Rare earth processing and separation market outlook and challenges
3.3.38.Solvent extraction remains the preferred rare earth separation technology amongst incumbent players as strategies diverge for emerging players
3.3.39.Challenges facing rare earth processors and separators in the midstream
3.3.40.Rare earth separation contributes the majority of OpEx costs for miners
3.3.41.Depressed rare earth prices continue to pose a challenge to the economic viability of midstream processors
3.3.42.Rare earth oxides used in magnets disproportionally dominate feedstock value
3.4.Rare earth metallization and magnet production
3.4.1.Overview of rare earth metallization, alloy and magnet production
3.4.2.Rare earth metallization and magnet production: Summary and key takeaways
3.4.3.Rare earth metallization and alloy production
3.4.4.Metallization: Common rare earth magnet metals and alloy products
3.4.5.Rare earth metals are produced by smelting and reduction
3.4.6.Rare earth metallization by molten salt electrolysis and metallothermic processing
3.4.7.Molten salt electrolysis refining is preferred for rare earth metallization
3.4.8.Vacuum distillation is used to purify heavy rare earths
3.4.9.Strip casting used to tune coercivity and remanence of NdFeB and SmCo alloys
3.4.10.China refines 90% of global rare earth metals for magnet applications
3.4.11.Global rare earth refining capacity in 2025
3.4.12.Rare earth metal refiners outside of China and development plans (1/2)
3.4.13.Rare earth metal refiners outside of China and development plans (2/2)
3.4.14.Opportunities and challenges for rare earth refining
3.4.15.2025 export restrictions on dysprosium, terbium, and NdFeB alloys underscore lack of alternatives for rare earth metallization
3.4.16.Outlook for rare earth metallization
3.4.17.Rare earth magnet technologies and production
3.4.18.Rare earth magnet technologies
3.4.19.Overview of established magnet technologies and rare earth magnets
3.4.20.Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics
3.4.21.NdFeB magnets are the strongest commercially available magnets in 2025
3.4.22.Praseodymium and heavy rare earths improve performance of NdFeB magnets
3.4.23.NdFeB magnet grades and performance characteristics
3.4.24.Influence of dysprosium alloying on NdFeB magnet properties and common applications of different magnet grades
3.4.25.High rare earth metal costs have the biggest influence on overall NdFeB magnet price
3.4.26.SmCo magnets balance high magnetic strength with high thermal stability
3.4.27.NdFeB magnets offer high magnetic strength while SmCo magnets are suited for high temperature operation
3.4.28.Manufacturing methods for sintered rare earth magnets
3.4.29.Bonded rare earth magnets improve mechanical strength and cost compared to sintered materials
3.4.30.Benchmarking of coatings for sintered rare earth magnets
3.4.31.Manufacturing bonded rare earth magnets using injection molding and compression molding
3.4.32.Rare earth magnet manufacturing innovation areas focus on improving performance, reducing rare earth content, and improving process efficiency
3.4.33.Grain boundary diffusion reduces heavy rare earth content by localizing dysprosium and terbium alloys on grain surfaces
3.4.34.Evaluation of heavy rare earth doping in sintered and grain boundary engineered NdFeB magnets
3.4.35.Strategies for reducing heavy rare earth content by grain boundary diffusion
3.4.36.Manufacturers and product OEMs take advantage of grain boundary diffusion to lower rare earth content of NdFeB magnets
3.4.37.Advanced jet milling technologies to improve coercivity of NdFeB magnets without heavy rare earths
3.4.38.Other innovations in rare earth magnet manufacturing
3.4.39.Rare earth magnet market and global production
3.4.40.Overview of global rare earth magnet production and capacity in 2025
3.4.41.Global rare earth magnet production and key manufacturers by region
3.4.42.NdFeB materials dominate global magnet production, as SmCo materials service market niches
3.4.43.China leads global rare earth magnet production, with additional capacity available
3.4.44.The 'MAGnificent Six': Rare earth magnet production in China dominated by several players
3.4.45.Rare earth magnet production capacity in China to almost double over the next decade
3.4.46.Global magnet manufacturers increasingly establishing production capacity and operations in China
3.4.47.China imposes export restrictions on NdFeB and SmCo magnets in April 2025
3.4.48.Asia represents key rare earth magnet production region outside of China, but production capacity expansion limited
3.4.49.Japan, Vietnam, South Korea and Thailand represent key rare earth magnet manufacturing hubs in Asia
3.4.50.Regional market overview and trends in Asia
3.4.51.Rare earth magnet manufacturing capacity in Europe set to grow in line with an emerging domestic midstream
3.4.52.Estonia and Germany are key rare earth magnet manufacturing hubs in Europe
3.4.53.Neo Performance Materials begins production at site in Estonia in 2025
3.4.54.USA trails in rare earth magnet production, despite significant domestic mining operations
3.4.55.Planned rare earth magnet manufacturing expansion in USA
3.4.56.Global rare earth magnet production forecast, 2025-2036
3.4.57.Emerging rare earth magnet production outlook outside of China, 2025-2036
3.4.58.Rare earth magnet manufacturers are strategic partners for customers in energy, electric mobility, consumer electronics, and industrial applications
3.4.59.Opportunities and challenges for new entrants in magnet manufacturing
4.RARE EARTH MAGNET APPLICATIONS
4.1.Overview of rare earth magnet demand
4.1.1.Rare earth magnet applications and demand: Overview and key takeaways
4.1.2.Technology and market trends in rare earth magnet application verticals
4.1.3.Overview of rare earth permanent magnet application markets
4.1.4.Overview of global rare earth magnet demand in 2025
4.1.5.NdFeB and SmCo market share by demand and common applications
4.1.6.Rare earth permanent magnet weight demand in key applications
4.1.7.Rare earth permanent magnet product trends in key markets
4.2.Electric vehicles and e-mobility
4.2.1.Overview of e-mobility markets for rare earth magnets
4.2.2.Electrified Share of New Sales
4.2.3.Summary of Traction Motor Types
4.2.4.Electric Motor Type Market Share by Vehicle
4.2.5.Average Motor Power 2023 by Vehicle Category (kW)
4.2.6.Electric Vehicles - Motor Sizing
4.2.7.Motor Type Power Density Benchmark
4.2.8.Electric motor type market share forecast and outlook for NdFeB magnets in e-mobility
4.2.9.Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers
4.2.10.Traction Motors of Choice for Electric Buses
4.2.11.Magnetic Material Distribution in Rotors
4.2.12.ID4 vs Leaf vs Model 3 Rotors
4.2.13.Volatility of EV Motor Materials
4.2.14.The Market Drive to Eliminate Rare Earths
4.2.15.Tesla's Next Generation Motor
4.2.16.How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (1)
4.2.17.How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (2)
4.2.18.How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (3)
4.2.19.Rare Earth Reduction Progress in Japan
4.2.20.Toyota's Neodymium Reduced Magnet
4.2.21.Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium in Motors
4.2.22.Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium
4.2.23.OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths
4.2.24.Impact of magnet export restrictions on automotive industry
4.2.25.Related IDTechEx Research on E-Mobility Technologies and Markets
4.3.Energy (Wind Turbines)
4.3.1.Introduction to the wind energy sector and the role of rare earth magnets
4.3.2.Traditional wind turbine structure and materials
4.3.3.Rare earth permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) for wind turbines
4.3.4.Rare earth magnets enable weight reduction and greater efficiency in wind turbines
4.3.5.Rare earth magnets in direct drive and geared drive wind turbines
4.3.6.Rare earth magnet usage in wind turbines depends on blade rotational speed
4.3.7.Wind turbine blades size and capacity continues to grow
4.3.8.Global wind turbine manufacturing capacity by company
4.3.9.Wind turbine capacity expansion and increasing magnet usage will drive growth for NdFeB magnets
4.4.Consumer electronics and data centers
4.4.1.Overview of consumer electronics and data center applications of rare earth magnets
4.4.2.Magnet demand in consumer electronics
4.4.3.What are HDDs? How Do They Work?
4.4.4.HDDs Market Historically
4.4.5.HDD demand drops in edge applications as solid-state memory emerging as top of class
4.4.6.Hard disk drive demand consolidates in cloud and data center applications
4.4.7.Outlook for permanent magnet demand in hard disk drive applications
4.5.Robotics
4.5.1.Overview of rare earth magnets in robotics
4.5.2.Example functions of rare earth magnets in robotics
4.5.3.Humanoid robots are set to drive demand for rare earth magnets in robotics
4.5.4.Humanoid robots
4.5.5.Humanoid Robotics Overview
4.5.6.What is accelerating the adoption of humanoid robots?
4.5.7.Actuator - technical comparison and challenges
4.5.8.Electric motors are getting increasingly popular
4.5.9.A summary of motors for different humanoid robotics companies
4.5.10.NdFeB - rare earth permanent magnets
4.5.11.Rare earth metals are commonly used in electric vehicles, leading to supply chain synergies to humanoid robotics industry
4.5.12.Direct drive motors - frameless motors
4.5.13.Frameless motors - can be used for direct drive actuator or geared actuation
4.5.14.Brushed/Brushless motors
4.5.15.Coreless motors - type of brushed motors
4.5.16.Summary of motors
4.5.17.Use case: Tesla Optimus motors
4.5.18.Cost analysis by component
4.5.19.Maturity of commercialization of humanoid robots by application
4.5.20.Humanoids market by country and primary use-case
4.5.21.Estimated timeline of tasks handled by humanoid robots in the logistics industry
4.5.22.Collaborative robots
4.5.23.Collaborative robots (Cobots)
4.5.24.Traditional industrial robots vs. collaborative robots
4.5.25.Roadmap and Maturity Analysis of Cobots by Industry
4.5.26.Overview of commercialized cobots
4.5.27.Mobile robots
4.5.28.Mobile Robotics in Intralogistic
4.5.29.Supply Chain Analysis of Mobile Robots
4.5.30.Automated Guide Vehicles & Carts (AGV/Cs)
4.5.31.Exotec Systems
4.6.Other magnet mature markets
4.6.1.Rare earth magnets in automotive technologies
4.6.2.Rare earth magnets in industrial applications
4.6.3.NdFeB magnets in medical imaging
4.6.4.Aerospace and marine applications of rare earth magnets
5.RARE EARTH MAGNET RECYCLING
5.1.Overview of rare earth magnet recycling
5.1.1.Rare earth magnet recycling - Chapter overview
5.1.2.Trends in rare earth magnet recycling
5.1.3.Critical rare earth elements: Product markets and applications
5.1.4.Critical rare earth elements: Geographic concentration of primary material supply chain
5.1.5.Rare earth element demand concentrating in magnet applications
5.1.6.Primary and secondary material streams for rare-earth element recovery
5.1.7.Rare earth element content in secondary material sources
5.2.Rare earth recycling technologies
5.2.1.Overview of key technologies for recycling rare earth magnets from waste
5.2.2.Long-loop and short-loop rare earth recycling methods
5.2.3.Short-loop rare-earth magnet recycling by hydrogen decrepitation
5.2.4.Short-loop rare-earth magnet recycling by powder metallurgy
5.2.5.Short-loop recycled magnets show weaker magnetic properties compared to virgin magnets
5.2.6.SWOT analysis of short-loop rare-earth magnet recycling
5.2.7.Long-loop magnet recycling
5.2.8.Long-loop rare-earth magnet recycling: Recovery technologies
5.2.9.Long-loop magnet recovery using solvent extraction
5.2.10.Breakdown of operating expenditure (OpEx) of long-loop recycling using solvent extraction
5.2.11.Liquid chromatography rare earth separation technology offers feedstock flexibility
5.2.12.Liquid chromatography uses ion exchange resins to recycle magnets
5.2.13.Emerging business model for rare earth recovery using ion exchange / liquid chromatography
5.2.14.SWOT analysis of long-loop rare earth magnet recycling recovery
5.2.15.Short-loop and long-loop rare earth magnet recycling: Summary and key players
5.2.16.The role of waste pre-processing and automation in magnet recycling
5.3.Rare earth recycling markets
5.3.1.Rare earth magnet recycling in 2025 dominated by long-loop technology
5.3.2.Overview of key rare earth recyclers
5.3.3.Emerging rare-earth magnet recycling value chain
5.3.4.Global rare earth magnet recyclers
5.3.5.Circular supply chains for critical rare earths are emerging out of necessity
5.3.6.Increasing rare earth magnet recycling capacity by 2030 highlights need for greater feedstock sourcing to maximize utilization
5.3.7.Electric motors, energy generators, and hard disk drives emerge as key secondary sources of rare earths
5.3.8.Pre-processing challenges for rare-earth magnet recycling from electric rotors
5.3.9.Availability of magnets for recycling influenced by lifetimes of integrated products and recycling efficiency
5.3.10.Magnet manufacturing waste to become a key feedstock for recyclers until end-of-life waste availability increases
5.3.11.Many long-loop recyclers focus on securing primary mineral feedstocks until secondary sources come online
5.3.12.Barriers to growth and areas requiring development for rare earth magnet recovery growth to be realized
5.4.Summary and outlook
5.4.1.Rare-earth magnet recovery technology summary and outlook
5.4.2.Rare-earth magnet market summary and outlook
5.4.3.Overview of opportunities and trends for long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technologies
5.4.4.Innovation areas for rare-earth magnet recycling
5.4.5.Rare earth magnet recycling value chain
6.MARKET FORECASTS FOR RARE EARTH MAGNETS
6.1.Forecasting methodology
6.1.1.Forecasting methodology
6.1.2.Forecasting assumptions
6.1.3.Forecasting price assumptions
6.1.4.Discontinuity in feedstock availability from renewable energy applications for recycling
6.2.Rare earth magnet supply forecasts
6.2.1.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast by region (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.2.2.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast by region, excluding China (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.Rare earth magnet demand forecasts
6.3.1.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by application (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.2.Global rare earth magnet demand share by application (weight, tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.3.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast in mature markets (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.4.10-year global rare earth magnet demand in e-mobility and electric vehicles forecast (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.5.10-year global rare earth magnet demand in wind turbines forecast (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.6.10-year global rare earth magnet demand in robotics forecast (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.7.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by material (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.8.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by material, excluding iron (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.9.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by material (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.10.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by magnet material (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.3.11.10-year global rare earth magnet revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2026-2036
6.3.12.10-year global rare earth magnet supply and demand forecast (ktonnes), 2026-2036
6.4.Magnet recycling forecasts
6.4.1.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling and capacity forecast by feedstock source (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.4.2.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling forecast by feedstock source (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.4.3.10-year forecast of rare earth magnet recycling feedstock composition, 2026-2036
6.4.4.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling forecast by technology (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.4.5.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast, segmented by primary and secondary source, 2026-2036
6.4.6.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling forecast by material recovered (tonnes), 2026-2036
6.4.7.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling value forecast by material recovered (US$M), 2026-2036
7.COMPANY PROFILES
7.1.1X Technologies
7.2.Advanced Electric Machines: Rare Earth Free Motors
7.3.Apptronik, Inc
7.4.Australian Strategic Materials Ltd (ASM)
7.5.Carester (Caremag)
7.6.Carester (Caremag)
7.7.Cyclic Materials
7.8.Cyclic Materials
7.9.EVR Motors
7.10.Garner Products
7.11.GeMMe (Georesources, Mineral Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy)
7.12.HyProMag
7.13.HyProMag Ltd
7.14.Ionic Rare Earths
7.15.Ionic Technologies
7.16.JL Mag
7.17.Metalysis
7.18.Modal Motors
7.19.Monumo: AI Motor Design
7.20.Niron Magnetics: Rare Earth Free Permanent Magnets
7.21.Noveon Magnetics
7.22.QuantumScape
7.23.Rare Earth Technologies Inc. (RETi)
7.24.ReElement Technologies
7.25.REETec
7.26.Seloxium
7.27.Tesla: We, Robot Optimus Reveal
7.28.Unitree Robotics: Humanoid Robotics
7.29.Victrex
7.30.ZF: SELECT Drive Unit
 

About Rare Earth Magnets 2026-2036: Technologies, Supply, Markets, Forecasts

What will be the rare earth permanent magnet demand?

IDTechEx forecasts that rare earth permanent magnet demand will increase by up to 70% over the next decade, surpassing 332,000 tonnes per annum by 2036.

What are the main applications of rare earth permanent magnets?

Global mega-trends in decarbonization will see electric vehicles and wind energy applications grow to represent 60% of rare earth magnet demand by 2036. IDTechEx predicts that magnet demand in robotics applications will increase sevenfold, as humanoid robotics applications emerge as the fastest growing demand segment.

What are the common types of rare earth permanent magnets?

  • Neodymium magnets demonstrate the highest maximum energy product and magnetic strength, with equally strong coercivity reflecting its high resistance to demagnetization.
  • Samarium cobalt magnets on the other hand show best-in-class coercivity properties, and with maximum operating temperatures of up to 350°C, remain resistant to demagnetization in high temperature industrial and aerospace applications.
  • While at first glance neodymium magnets show poor maximum operating temperatures compared to competing magnet technologies, most applications operate between -40 and 150°C, making neodymium magnets the best option with respect to cost per performance.

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Global rare earth magnet market will reach US$9.19 billion by 2036
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Report Statistics

Slides 366
Companies 30
Forecasts to 2036
Published Jul 2025
 

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