Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries 2025-2035: Markets, Forecasts, Players, and Technologies

10-year forecasts: second-life EV batteries & EV battery availability. Analyses: second-life battery technologies, markets, repurposer & end-of-life diagnostics players, regulations, repurposing costs & techno-economic analysis vs first-life Li-ion BESS.

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As the availability of retired EV batteries will grow over the coming decade, IDTechEx forecasts the second-life EV battery market will be valued at US$4.2B by 2035.
 
Electric vehicle (EV) batteries are eventually retired at the end of their first-life, once they no longer meet the performance requirements for the EV. These Li-ion batteries could be recycled to reclaim the valuable and critical raw materials and see these reintroduced into new EV batteries. However, repurposing these batteries for second-life applications, prior to recycling, maximizes the value of the EV battery, extends their lifetime, and contributes to a battery circular economy. In some cases, some modules or cells could be replaced in a battery pack, seeing its first-life extended in an EV application. Repurposed second-life EV batteries, however, are used for stationary battery storage or lower power electromobility applications, which are use cases less demanding than that of EVs.
 
Li-ion Battery Circular Economy. Source: IDTechEx.
Market Activity
Repurposers in Europe and the US have continued to steadily increase their volume of second-life battery deployments. These stationary or mobile systems have primarily been installed for commercial and industrial (C&I) customers, who may be using them for optimization of renewable energy self-consumption, peak shaving, and EV charging. Some repurposers have also developed residential battery storage technologies. Some repurposers are developing larger containerized battery energy storage systems (BESS), which could be used for grid-scale applications. While IDTechEx believes China is already scaling up deployments of second-life batteries for telecom backup power applications, Europe continues to see the highest level of activity outside China with 20 identified repurposers developing second-life batteries in this region. This IDTechEx report provides discussion and analysis on key second-life battery technologies developed by repurposers and automotive OEMs, market shares by player, business models, funding, revenue generation mechanisms, and key partnerships with automotive OEMs.
 
Second-Life Repurposers and Remanufacturers by HQ. Source: IDTechEx.
Second-life EV Battery Costs and End-of-Life Battery Diagnostics
Significant cost reductions of first-life Li-ion BESS technologies seen in Europe and the US have, however, made it significantly difficult for repurposers to remain competitive on their systems' prices to customers. Second-life BESS technologies will have to be priced lower than first-life Li-ion BESS, given that EV batteries will have undergone degradation in their first life, and thus give rise to an inherently worse-performing second-life system.
 
Many factors can contribute to higher second-life BESS costs, including retired EV battery delivery logistics, battery materials and components, and the repurposing process itself, including battery grading times, disassembly, and reassembly. Repurposers will be aiming to reduce their costs across all these fronts. For example, several projects using semi-automated battery disassembly technologies are emerging, and if successful, could reduce the need for human intervention for certain repurposing steps, reducing labor costs. This report also discusses key advanced battery grading technologies being developed by a number of start-ups. These technologies could be in-vehicle end-of-life battery testing to determine battery State-of-Health (SOH) in the order of minutes rather than hours as per typical cycling techniques, reducing testing time and therefore cost.
 
This IDTechEx report analyzes repurposing costs (on a US$/kWh basis) based on data from primary interviews with key repurposers, provides a sensitivity analysis for different repurposing scenarios, and provides a techno-economic analysis of second-life BESS vs first-life Li-ion BESS, comparing costs and key performance metrics including energy density and cycle life.
 
Second-life and EV Battery Trends
Retired EV batteries can be repurposed at different depths of disassembly, namely at pack-, module-, or cell-level. Increasing the depth of disassembly takes longer and therefore incurs greater labor costs. However, this allows for the reassembly of the best performing modules or cells, thus creating a better-performing system. IDTechEx has identified that repurposers are typically adopting pack-level or module-level repurposing techniques and would expect this to continue. Further analysis on second-life BESS deployed by depth of disassembly is provided.
 
Proportion of Repurposers Performing Various Depth of EV Battery Disassembly. Source: IDTechEx.
EV battery trends may also impact the economic feasibility of repurposing long-term. For instance, cell-to-pack (CTP) designs can improve the energy density of the battery pack and thus the driving range of the EV. However, these designs typically make greater use of structural adhesives, or spot-welding, which could require the use of solvents or heat to remove in the disassembly process, increasing the cost of disassembly. This IDTechEx report analyzes and provides thorough discussion on the many trends in EV battery technologies, designs, and chemistries (e.g., LFP vs NMC) and how these could influence the second-life EV battery market.
 
Second-life Battery Regulations
While there are some regulations on the recycling of batteries across different regions, few regulations exist that specifically address second-life EV batteries. Realizing the potential value of second-life batteries, regions including the EU, China and the US are now working on their regulatory frameworks to facilitate second-life batteries and repurposing. Since the draft version of the EU Battery Regulation made in December 2022, IDTechEx has observed a reasonable shift in terminology and recognition for repurposing batteries for second-life applications. However, a greater emphasis could still be made to incentivize players to repurpose instead of prematurely recycle these batteries. This IDTechEx report thoroughly examines and provides clear commentary on the key regulations and policies for second-life batteries in key regions, covering topics such as the EU Battery Passport, provision of EOL battery data across stakeholders, extended producer responsibility (EPR), and how policies may impact company activity.
 
Second-Life EV Battery Legislative Activity by Region. Source: IDTechEx.
Forecasts
This IDTechEx report also provides 10-year market forecasts for the second-life EV battery market by installations (GWh) by region (Europe, US, China, RoW), application, and by value (US$B) for the 2022-2035 period. Overall EV battery availability and LFP EV battery availability forecasts are provided by region and type of EV for the 2020-2035 period.
 
Company Profiles
This IDTechEx report includes 30+ company profiles, offering further insights into key second-life battery repurposers, advanced battery testing diagnosticians, and Li-ion battery recyclers participating, or looking to participate, in the second-life EV battery market.
 
Key Aspects:
 
  • In-depth analysis on the second-life EV battery market, including funding by repurposers, key player activity, key automotive OEM activity, regional analysis and historic data of second-life batteries in Europe, the US, Africa, Japan, and Australia, and repurposer market share. Further granular analysis includes second-life batteries deployed (<2022-2024) by type of player (repurposer vs automotive OEM) and by depth of disassembly (pack-level, module-level, cell-level).
  • Discussion and analysis of business models of second-life battery repurposers, their revenue generation mechanisms, in residential, commercial and industrial (C&I), and grid-scale battery storage markets. Key overview of second-life BESS supply/value chain and applications in key markets.
  • Raw data tables for second-life batteries deployed by key repurposer and other key projects by automotive OEMs over time are provided.
  • Key conclusions for the second-life EV battery market, including challenges, drivers and opportunities for growth. This includes trends on technology cost, policy, battery design and performance, repurposing costs and automation, advanced battery testing and grading technologies, B2B marketplaces, business models and revenue sharing.
  • Discussion and analysis on regulatory landscape for second-life batteries in key regions including the EU, US, and China. Further discussion on the EU Battery Passport, end-of-life battery data transparency, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) and impacts on player activity.
  • Discussion and analysis on EV battery design, chemistry, and technology trends and developments, and their impacts on the second-life EV battery market. This includes EV battery design standardization, cell-to-pack (CTP) and cell-to-chassis EV battery packs, larger cell form factors, battery electric vehicle (BEV) capacity, battery structures without glues and spot-welding, silicon anodes, advanced BMS technologies, and expected EV battery lifetime.
  • Key and in-depth discussion on LFP and NMC EV battery chemistry considerations for second-life batteries.
  • Techno-economic analysis of second-life EV battery storage technologies versus first-life, or new, Li-ion battery energy storage systems (BESS). Key comparisons in cost (US$/kWh), energy density, cycle life, and chemistries.
  • Granular bottom-up repurposing cost analysis, comprised of data gathered from primary interviews with key second-life battery repurposers. Includes costs of logistics, battery materials and components, and the repurposing process (testing or grading batteries, battery disassembly, and reassembly). Key cost sensitivity analysis is also included, factoring in key scenarios for repurposing cost reductions.
  • Key discussion on emerging semi-automated battery disassembly projects and identification of key second-life EV battery repurposing process steps for automation.
  • Insights into key and supplementary tests that can be performed to assess retired EV battery suitability for second-life applications. This includes tests relevant for assessing battery health and degradation. Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of various methods to model battery health and degradation. These include data-driven methods, e.g., machine learning / AI, physics-based models, combinations of approaches, etc. An overview of key players involved in second-life battery assessment and battery diagnostics is included.
  • Key discussion and analysis on emerging business-to-business battery marketplaces, and battery testing stakeholder responsibility, and the impacts of sharing battery health and degradation data.
  • Granular 10-year second-life EV battery market forecasts, by region (GWh: Europe, US, China, RoW), by application (GWh: BESS, telecom backup power), and by value (US$B) for the 2022-2035 period.
  • 10-year market forecasts for availability of overall retired EV battery and retired LFP EV battery availability by region and type of EV for the 2020-2035. Retired LFP EV battery availability split by EV per region is also provided.
  • 30+ company profiles including key second-life battery repurposers, advanced end-of-life battery testing and grading technology developers / diagnosticians / second-life battery assessment players, and several Li-ion battery recyclers already participating, or which may look to participate, in the second-life EV battery market.
Report MetricsDetails
Historic Data2020 - 2024
CAGRThe second-life EV battery market will grow with a CAGR of 28.4% for the 2025-2035 period.
Forecast Period2025 - 2035
Forecast UnitsGWh, US$B
Regions CoveredChina, Europe, United States, Worldwide
Segments CoveredApplications - Backup power for telecoms, battery energy storage systems (BESS). Retired LFP EV battery availability - by type of EV split per region.
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1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.Introduction to the second-life repurposing and battery circular economy
1.2.Second-life EV batteries: Key market conclusions
1.3.Second-life EV batteries market: Key drivers and opportunities
1.4.Second-life EV batteries market: Key challenges
1.5.Second-life EV battery technologies and applications summary
1.6.First-life Li-ion vs second-life BESS cost and technology performance summary
1.7.Second-life battery applications and supply chain overview
1.8.Second-life battery storage value chain and revenue generation overview
1.9.Global second-life EV battery regulatory landscape
1.10.Key commentary on EU Battery Regulation for second-life repurposing
1.11.Second-life battery testing and assessment player summary
1.12.Second-life repurposers and remanufacturers by HQ
1.13.Funding by second-life battery repurposer and comparison to alternative battery storage technologies
1.14.Regional analysis: Second-life battery storage deployments by region
1.15.Repurposer market share (MWh second-life batteries deployed by repurposer)
1.16.Second-life battery storage projects deployed by type of player
1.17.Key automotive OEM and second-life player partnerships and investments
1.18.Players with capabilities to both recycle and repurpose
1.19.Market share by battery depth of disassembly
1.20.Summary of processes and materials contributing to overall repurposing costs (by US$/kWh) and identified bottlenecks: Base scenario
1.21.Second-life EV battery repurposing cost reduction scenarios
1.22.Second-life repurposing cost reduction sensitivity analysis (US$/kWh) (1)
1.23.Second-life repurposing cost reduction: Existing vs best-case scenario (US$/kWh)
1.24.Automating battery disassembly processes in repurposing
1.25.Emerging business-to-business (B2B) battery marketplaces
1.26.B2B marketplaces and platforms in the second-life battery market summary
1.27.EV battery design/technology trends summary table (1)
1.28.EV battery design/technology trends summary table (2)
1.29.Demand for designing batteries for easier disassembly and future opportunities for OEM revenue sharing
1.30.Cathode market share in Li-ion for EVs
1.31.LFP vs NMC for second-life batteries
1.32.Annual retired LFP EV battery availability forecast by region (2020-2035) (GWh)
1.33.Second-life EV battery installation forecast by region (2022-2035) (GWh)
1.34.Second-life EV battery installation forecast by region and application (2022-2035) (GWh)
1.35.Second-life EV battery market value forecasts (2022-2035) (US$B) with commentary
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.What are second-life electric vehicle batteries?
2.1.1.Why and when do batteries fail?
2.1.2.What is the 'second life' of EV batteries?
2.1.3.Clarification of terminologies
2.1.4.Why does battery second-use matter?
2.1.5.Battery remanufacturing, first-life extension, or recycling?
2.2.Battery second use (B2U) value chain
2.2.1.Battery second use connects the electric vehicle and battery recycling value chains
2.2.2.Battery second use collection value chain
2.3.Applications and project examples
2.3.1.Second-life battery applications
2.3.2.Different battery sizes for different uses
2.3.3.Second-life battery technologies developed by repurposers and their applications
2.3.4.Other second-life battery examples: Backup energy for telecoms and electromobility
3.REGULATORY LANDSCAPE AND BATTERY TRACEABILITY
3.1.Regulatory Landscape Introduction
3.1.1.Second-life EV battery global regulatory landscape executive summary
3.1.2.Lack of policy and regulation for second-life batteries and repurposing
3.1.3.Global second-life EV battery regulatory landscape
3.2.EU Regulatory Landscape
3.2.1.EU regulation introduction
3.2.2.European Commission: The Innovation Deal
3.2.3.EU to review its regulatory framework for battery second use
3.2.4.Key findings from the European ID and introduction of EU Battery Regulation
3.2.5.Key EU Battery Regulation details and explanations for EOL battery management, repurposing, Battery Passport, access to data and EPR (1)
3.2.6.Key EU Battery Regulation details and explanations for EOL battery management, repurposing, Battery Passport, access to data and EPR (2)
3.2.7.Key EU Battery Regulation details and explanations for EOL battery management, repurposing, Battery Passport, access to data and EPR (3)
3.2.8.Key EU Battery Regulation details and explanations for EOL battery management, repurposing, Battery Passport, access to data and EPR (4)
3.2.9.EPR through the value chain in the EU
3.2.10.Key commentary on EU Battery Regulation for second-life repurposing
3.2.11.Battery Passport through the value chain in the EU
3.2.12.Potential shifts in company activity from introduction of Battery Passport
3.3.China Regulatory Landscape
3.3.1.Battery traceability in China
3.3.2.China's Traceability Management Platform
3.3.3.Other Chinese specifications
3.3.4.Regulatory frameworks for battery second use in China
3.3.5.Ban for large scale 2L ESS
3.4.US Regulatory Landscape
3.4.1.UL Certifications in the US
3.4.2.Inflation Reduction Act
4.EV BATTERY TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND IMPACTS ON SECOND-LIFE BATTERIES
4.1.1.EV battery trends and developments and impact on second-life summary
4.1.2.Lack of EV battery design standardization
4.1.3.Battery pack materials
4.1.4.Shifts in cell and pack design
4.1.5.Eliminating the battery module / cell-to-pack designs (1/2)
4.1.6.Eliminating the battery module / cell-to-pack designs (2/2)
4.1.7.What is cell-to-chassis/body?
4.1.8.Module elimination and how this could hinder second-life battery repurposing
4.1.9.Serviceable batteries (Aceleron / Advik Technologies)
4.1.10.Aceleron / Advik Technologies: Future considerations
4.1.11.Li-ion technology diversification
4.1.12.Cathode market share in Li-ion for EVs
4.1.13.LFP vs NMC for second-life batteries
4.1.14.Advanced BMS technologies
4.1.15.Reports of EV batteries lasting longer than anticipated (1)
4.1.16.Reports of EV batteries lasting longer than anticipated (2)
4.1.17.EV battery design/technology trends summary table (1)
4.1.18.EV battery design/technology trends summary table (2)
4.1.19.Further research on trends in EVs, EV batteries, battery pack materials, and battery management systems (BMS)
5.TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, REPURPOSING COSTS AND AUTOMATION
5.1.Business Models and Techno-economic Comparison to First-life Li-ion BESS
5.1.1.Business models and revenue generation in the second-life battery market (1)
5.1.2.Business models and revenue generation in the second-life battery market (2)
5.1.3.Second-life battery applications and supply chain overview
5.1.4.Key repurposer second-life battery systems and applications
5.1.5.Second-life battery storage value chain and revenue generation overview
5.1.6.First-life Li-ion BESS Prices
5.1.7.Second-life Li-ion BESS price vs first-life Li-ion BESS price analysis (1)
5.1.8.Second-life Li-ion BESS price vs first-life Li-ion BESS price analysis (2)
5.1.9.Second-life Li-ion BESS price vs first-life Li-ion BESS price analysis (3)
5.1.10.Second-life EV batteries renting business model analysis
5.1.11.Key second-life battery technology performance considerations: chemistry, energy density, cycle life
5.1.12.Configurability of second-life BESS technologies: Using battery packs and modules from different automotive OEMs
5.1.13.Configurability of second-life BESS technologies: Varying kWh-to-kW ratios
5.1.14.First-life Li-ion vs second-life BESS cost and technology performance summary
5.2.Second-life EV Battery Repurposing Process: Introduction and Case Study
5.2.1.Introduction to the repurposing or remanufacturing process
5.2.2.Bottlenecks and considerations in the repurposing process (1)
5.2.3.Bottlenecks and considerations in the repurposing process (2)
5.2.4.Case study for repurposing disassembling retired EV battery
5.2.5.Costs at different depths of disassembly (1)
5.2.6.Costs at different depths of disassembly (2)
5.2.7.Advantages and disadvantages to depth of disassembly and reconfiguration
5.3.Second-life EV Battery Repurposing Process: Cost Analysis
5.3.1.Second-life EV battery repurposing process economic analysis
5.3.2.Second-life battery material and component costs
5.3.3.Retired EV battery disassembly process
5.3.4.Base scenario: Second-life EV battery repurposing process cost breakdown (1)
5.3.5.Base scenario: Second-life EV battery repurposing process cost breakdown (2)
5.3.6.Summary of processes and materials contributing to overall repurposing costs (by US$/kWh) and identified bottlenecks
5.3.7.Second-life EV battery repurposing cost analysis conclusions
5.3.8.Second-life EV battery repurposing cost reduction scenarios
5.3.9.Second-life repurposing cost reduction sensitivity analysis (US$/kWh) (1)
5.3.10.Second-life repurposing cost reduction sensitivity analysis (US$/kWh) (2)
5.3.11.Second-life repurposing cost reduction sensitivity analysis (US$/kWh) (3)
5.3.12.Second-life repurposing cost reduction: Existing vs best-case scenario (US$/kWh)
5.4.Second-life EV Battery Repurposing Process: Automation and Cobots
5.4.1.Automated battery disassembly tasks (1)
5.4.2.Automated battery disassembly tasks (2)
5.4.3.Automated battery disassembly pilot projects (1)
5.4.4.Automated battery disassembly pilot projects (2)
5.4.5.Automated battery disassembly pilot projects (3)
5.4.6.Conclusions for automating EV battery disassembly processes
6.BATTERY PERFORMANCE TESTING
6.1.Introduction to Battery Testing
6.1.1.Introduction: EOL and battery tests
6.1.2.Battery and testing definitions
6.2.Key Tests for Second-life Battery Testing
6.2.1.State of Charge (SOC)
6.2.2.Battery capacity
6.2.3.Cycle testing
6.2.4.State of Health (SOH)
6.2.5.Electrochemical impedance
6.3.Supplementary Tests for Second-life Battery Testing
6.3.1.Pulse charging and discharging
6.3.2.State of Power
6.3.3.Self-discharge
6.3.4.SEI formation and growth
6.3.5.Capturing SEI layer with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
6.3.6.Capturing porosity of SEI layer with transmission electron microscopy
6.3.7.Summary table of battery performance tests
7.BATTERY PERFORMANCE MODELLING
7.1.1.Introduction: Remaining Useful Life
7.1.2.Flowcharts for determining RUL
7.1.3.Flowcharts for determining RUL via machine-learning (ML)
7.1.4.What is measured to determine RUL from a data-driven approach?
7.1.5.Data-driven approaches continued
7.1.6.Physics-based modeling (1/3)
7.1.7.Physics-based modeling (2/3)
7.1.8.Physics-based modeling (3/3)
7.1.9.Four key approaches to modeling battery degradation
8.SECOND-LIFE BATTERY ASSESSMENT MARKET
8.1.Key Players and Business Models in Second-life Battery Assessment
8.1.1.ReJoule overview
8.1.2.ReJoule in-vehicle testing
8.1.3.ReJoule BatteryDB software
8.1.4.volytica diagnostics and Cling Systems
8.1.5.volytica diagnostics and MAHLE Aftermarket
8.1.6.Smartville PeriscopeTM technology
8.1.7.Spiers New Technologies / Cox Automotive
8.1.8.Eatron Technologies and Betteries
8.1.9.NOVUM
8.1.10.DellCon
8.1.11.Oorja Energy
8.1.12.Safion
8.1.13.Second-life battery testing and assessment player summary
8.1.14.Market barriers and benefits for modelers
8.1.15.End-of-life battery diagnostician and testing business models and impact of EU Battery Passport
8.1.16.Impact of B2B marketplaces on battery health data and key stakeholder business models
8.1.17.How responsibility of battery testing could cause shifts in player activity
8.1.18.Potential shifts in company activity from introduction of Battery Passport
8.1.19.Conclusions on battery testing in the second-life EV battery market (1)
8.1.20.Conclusions on battery testing in the second-life EV battery market (2)
8.2.Other Players in AI-driven Battery technologies: Cell Testing, Monitoring and Control
8.2.1.Other players in AI-driven battery technologies; cell testing, monitoring and control
8.2.2.Relectrify (1)
8.2.3.Relectrify (2)
8.2.4.Relectrify (3)
8.2.5.Relectrify (4)
8.2.6.TITAN AES: Ultrasound to measure battery performance?
8.2.7.TITAN AES technology
9.SECOND-LIFE EV BATTERY MARKET ANALYSIS AND OVERVIEW
9.1.Second-life EV Battery Repurposer Overview
9.1.1.Executive summary: Key repurposer and automotive OEM market activity
9.1.2.Second-life repurposers and remanufacturers by HQ
9.1.3.Funding by second-life battery repurposer and comparison to alternative battery storage technologies
9.1.4.Repurposer funding over time
9.1.5.Player overviews: HQ, founded date, total funding (US$M), employees, partnerships, projects, targets (1)
9.1.6.Player overviews: HQ, founded date, total funding (US$M), employees, partnerships, projects, targets (2)
9.1.7.Player overviews: HQ, founded date, total funding (US$M), employees, partnerships, projects, targets (3)
9.1.8.Player overviews: HQ, founded date, total funding (US$M), employees, partnerships, projects, targets (4)
9.1.9.Player overviews: HQ, founded date, total funding (US$M), employees, partnerships, projects, targets (5)
9.2.Key European Repurposer Market Activity and Technology Developments
9.2.1.BeePlanet Factory
9.2.2.Connected Energy: Overview
9.2.3.Connected Energy: Investments and partnerships
9.2.4.Allye Energy
9.2.5.Zenobē
9.2.6.ECO STOR AS
9.2.7.Reefilla
9.3.Key US Repurposer Market Activity and Technology Developments
9.3.1.B2U Storage Solutions
9.3.2.Smartville: Overview
9.3.3.Smartville: Second-life BESS technology
9.3.4.Smartville: PeriscopeTM technology and Whole Battery Catalog
9.3.5.Higher Wire
9.3.6.BBB Industries / TERREPOWER
9.4.Key Activity from Automotive OEMs and Other Players
9.4.1.Key automotive OEM and second-life player partnerships and investments
9.4.2.Key updates from automotive OEMs and other players (H2 2022-2024) (1/2)
9.4.3.Key updates from automotive OEMs and other players (H2 2022-2024) (2/2)
9.4.4.Key automotive OEM activity (1/4): Audi, BMW, Ford, Honda, Hyundai
9.4.5.Key automotive OEM activity (2/4): Kia, Mercedes-Benz
9.4.6.Key automotive OEM activity (3/4): Nissan, Renault, Tesla
9.4.7.Key automotive OEM activity (4/4): Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo
9.5.Second-Life EV Battery Market Trends and Data
9.5.1.Executive summary
9.5.2.Regional analysis: Second-life battery storage deployments by region
9.5.3.Regional analysis: Second-life battery market in China (1)
9.5.4.Regional analysis: Second-life battery market in China (2)
9.5.5.Second-life battery storage projects deployed by type of player
9.5.6.Second-life battery technologies developed by repurposers and their applications
9.5.7.Repurposer market share (MWh second-life batteries deployed by repurposer)
9.5.8.Market Share by Battery Depth of Disassembly (1)
9.5.9.Market Share by Battery Depth of Disassembly (2)
9.5.10.MWh Second-Life Batteries Deployed at Pack-level and Module-level by Repurposer
9.5.11.MWh Deployed by Repurposer over Time: Tabulated Raw Data
9.5.12.Second-Life battery storage projects deployed by automotive OEMs: tabulated raw data (1)
9.5.13.Second-Life battery storage projects deployed by automotive OEMs: tabulated raw data (2)
9.6.Emerging B2B Battery Marketplaces
9.6.1.Emerging business-to-business (B2B) battery marketplaces
9.6.2.Currents Marketplace (with Nissan and Spiers New Technologies)
9.6.3.Circunomics
9.6.4.volytica diagnostics and Cling Systems
9.6.5.Smartville Whole Battery CatalogTM Platform
9.6.6.B2B marketplaces and platforms in the second-life battery market summary
10.SECOND-LIFE EV BATTERY MARKET CONCLUSIONS
10.1.1.Second-life EV battery market conclusions
10.1.2.Progress in policy being made to incentivize second-life EV battery repurposing in the EU
10.1.3.Potential improvements and clarity needed in other second-life battery and repurposing policies
10.1.4.Second-life EV batteries market conclusions: Key drivers and opportunities
10.1.5.Second-life batteries market conclusions: Key challenges
10.1.6.Players with capabilities to both recycle and repurpose
10.1.7.Demand for designing batteries for easier disassembly and future opportunities for OEM revenue sharing
11.SECOND-LIFE EV BATTERY MARKET AND RETIRED EV BATTERY AVAILABILITY FORECASTS
11.1.Summary of second-life EV battery forecasts
11.2.Forecasts methodology and assumptions (1)
11.3.Forecasts methodology and assumptions (2)
11.4.Forecasts methodology and assumptions (3)
11.5.Annual retired EV battery availability forecast by region and EV (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.6.Annual retired EV battery availability by region (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.7.Annual retired EV battery availability by EV (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.8.Cathode market share in Li-ion for EVs
11.9.LFP vs NMC for second-life batteries
11.10.Annual retired LFP EV battery availability forecast by region (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.11.Annual retired LFP EV battery availability in China by EV (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.12.Annual retired LFP EV battery availability in Europe by EV (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.13.Annual retired LFP EV battery availability in US by EV (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.14.Annual retired LFP EV battery availability in RoW by EV (2020-2035) (GWh)
11.15.Second-life battery installation forecast assumptions
11.16.Second-life EV battery installation forecast by region (2022-2035) (GWh)
11.17.Second-life EV battery installation forecast by region and application (2022-2035) (GWh)
11.18.Europe second-life BESS installed vs total retired EV battery availability (2022-2035) (MWh)
11.19.US second-life BESS installed vs total retired EV battery availability (2022-2035) (MWh)
11.20.Second-life EV battery market value forecasts (2022-2035) (US$B) with commentary
11.21.Second-life EV battery market value forecasts (US$B) (2022-2035)
11.22.Stationary battery storage annual demand vs theoretical retired total and LFP EV battery availability forecast by key region (2020-2035)
11.23.Stationary battery storage annual demand vs second-life BESS installations forecast by key region (2022-2035) (GWh)
12.COMPANY PROFILES
12.1.Allye Energy
12.2.B2U Storage Solutions (2023)
12.3.B2U Storage Solutions (2022)
12.4.BBB Industries / TERREPOWER
12.5.BeePlanet Factory (2024)
12.6.BeePlanet Factory (2022)
12.7.Betteries (2024)
12.8.Betteries (2022)
12.9.Cidetec
12.10.Circu Li-ion
12.11.Circunomics
12.12.Connected Energy (2024)
12.13.Connected Energy (2023)
12.14.Covalion
12.15.Currents
12.16.Eatron Technologies
12.17.ECO STOR AS (2024)
12.18.ECO STOR AS (2023)
12.19.Ecobat
12.20.Exitcom Recycling
12.21.Higher Wire
12.22.Huayou Recycling
12.23.Liebherr-Verzahntechnik
12.24.Oorja Energy
12.25.Reefilla
12.26.ReJoule (2024)
12.27.ReJoule (2023)
12.28.Relectrify
12.29.RePurpose Energy
12.30.Safion
12.31.SK tes
12.32.Smartville (2024)
12.33.Smartville (2023)
12.34.Spiers New Technologies
12.35.volytica diagnostics
12.36.Zenobē
 

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Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries 2025-2035: Markets, Forecasts, Players, and Technologies

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The second-life EV battery market is forecast to reach US$4.2B by 2035.

Report Statistics

Slides 296
Companies 36
Forecasts to 2035
Published Dec 2024
 

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ISBN: 9781835700839

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