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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | The smart city concept |
1.1.1. | Original idea and objective of this report |
1.1.2. | Localism |
1.1.3. | Defensive and unquantifiable aspects |
1.1.4. | Drivers of change |
1.1.5. | Reinventing the city |
1.1.6. | Smart city embraces radical advances |
1.1.7. | Moveable cities |
1.2. | Examples of radical advances already coming in |
1.3. | Examples of energy independent cities |
1.3.1. | Babcock Ranch in Florida |
1.3.2. | Sustainable city Dubai |
1.4. | Water independence |
1.5. | Food independence |
1.6. | Cognitive responsive infrastructure |
1.7. | Robotics and reinvented transport |
1.8. | Ubiquitous sensors and IoT in cities |
1.9. | Democratisation of AI: back to the future |
1.9.1. | The three waves of artificial intelligence |
1.9.2. | Deep neural networks enabling AI advances |
1.9.3. | Basics of artificial intelligence & democratization of AI |
1.10. | Who delivers smart city? |
1.11. | Materials opportunities |
1.12. | IDTechEx market forecasts for smart city services and networks |
1.12.1. | Mobile platform services |
1.12.2. | Proximity marketing |
1.12.3. | RFID sensor tags and systems ($ million) |
1.13. | Total connections by year by application 2018-2029 |
1.14. | Total connections by year for NB-IoT, LTE, LoRa and Others 2018-2029 |
1.15. | Total connections by year 2018 - 2029: Unlicensed vs Licensed |
1.16. | Asset tracking market for low power networks 2018-2029 |
1.17. | Smart home, consumer electronics and home utilities: low power connections 2018-2029 |
1.18. | Smart city low power connections 2018-2029 |
1.19. | IDTechEx forecasts for smart city major hardware |
1.19.1. | Solar road forecast $ billion |
1.19.2. | Road sensing, non-solar harvesting, allied harvesting forecast |
1.19.3. | Smart glass |
1.19.4. | Off grid harvesting systems of which smart cities are an increasingly important part |
1.20. | 20-year market forecasts (2018 to 2038) for agricultural robots and drones segmented by 16 technologies |
1.20.1. | 2018-2038 market forecasts in unit numbers segmented by level of agri-robot function |
1.20.2. | Rise of small agri-robots 2018-2038: value market forecasts segmented by functionality |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Cities face disruptive major changes |
2.2. | Radical changes essential |
2.3. | Smart city driving forces, dreams and threats |
2.3.1. | Background |
2.3.2. | Smart city functions |
2.3.3. | Trend to less or no infrastructure |
2.4. | Digital Transformation and Exponential Organizations |
2.4.1. | Overview |
2.4.2. | Digital transformation: why now? |
2.4.3. | AI, the IoT & the Digital to Quantum transformation |
2.4.4. | Self-powered cities: photovoltaics cheaper than large onshore wind in 2020 |
2.5. | The Anatomy of a Smart City |
3. | ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND COGNITIVE INFRASTRUCTURE |
3.1. | Buildings have a major impact on city energy consumption |
3.2. | Active smart glass in buildings |
3.2.1. | Market drivers |
3.2.2. | Active and passive glass darkening materials |
3.2.3. | Samsung OLED window |
3.3. | Digital transformation and building automation |
3.4. | Technology toolkits enabling cognitive buildings |
3.4.1. | Impact |
3.4.2. | Opportunities |
3.4.3. | The emerging "building as a service" model |
3.5. | Wireless, self-powered building controls: EnOcean and 8Power |
3.6. | Making zero emission electricity where you need it |
3.6.1. | Overview |
3.6.2. | Very different Levelised Cost of Electricity LCOE targets |
3.6.3. | "Zero Genset" opportunity: Transportable and available at the touch of a button |
3.6.4. | Modular, zero emission diesel genset and grid replacement - $100Bn+ "Zero Genset" market |
3.6.5. | Ground turbine wind power does not downsize well: physics and poorer wind |
3.7. | Smart roads and surroundings |
3.7.1. | Overview |
3.7.2. | Gantry vs road surface |
3.7.3. | Highway barriers: Eindhoven University of Technology |
3.7.4. | Solar Roadways and Missouri Department of Transportation |
3.7.5. | Solar roads, parking, paths, barriers compared |
3.7.6. | Bouygues Colas France |
3.7.7. | Solar road Pavenergy China |
3.7.8. | Integral monitoring, EV charging roads Israel, USA, Europe |
3.7.9. | Solar road with integral lit markers - concept |
3.7.10. | Dharan Saudi Arabia solar car park provides total 10.5 MW power for high rise office block |
4. | REINVENTING LAST MILE DELIVERY OF PEOPLE AND THINGS |
4.1. | Introduction |
4.1.1. | Definitions and issues |
4.1.2. | Last mile travel for goods and people are closely allied |
4.1.3. | Last mile vehicle needs and challenges |
4.1.4. | Electric vehicles have a major part to play |
4.1.5. | Examples of last mile LM and allied EVs currently in use |
4.1.6. | EVs carried in or on long range vehicles |
4.1.7. | Experimental LM EVs |
4.1.8. | Tightening legal constraints |
4.1.9. | Main solutions compared |
4.1.10. | Unmanned autonomous vehicles: operational, technical, ethical challenges |
4.1.11. | Insurance challenges |
4.1.12. | Societal impact |
4.1.13. | Amazon beating Wal-Mart by solving Last Mile? |
4.1.14. | DHL Germany |
4.1.15. | First Transit: first commercially operated driverless vehicle? UK, USA |
4.1.16. | PonyZero technology Italy |
4.1.17. | Terra Motors Japan |
4.1.18. | Moby Mart, Japan |
4.1.19. | Tesco supermarkets UK: one hour EV delivery |
4.1.20. | Mobility for the disabled |
5. | WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY IN SMART CITIES |
5.1. | Smart city mesh networks |
5.2. | The Wi-Sun alliance |
5.3. | Silver Spring networks in smart cities |
5.4. | LPWAN trends in smart cities |
5.5. | Smart City Trends: Parking |
5.6. | Car parking assisted by IoT |
5.7. | Smart City Trends: Waste |
5.8. | Smart city trends: street lights |
5.9. | Libelium nodes utilising LPWAN technology |
5.10. | Case Study: San Diego |
5.11. | LPWAN deployment across India |
5.12. | Internet connected fire hydrants |
5.13. | People as sensor nodes |
5.14. | LPWAN on a university campus |
5.15. | Canal systems in the Netherlands make use of LPWAN technology |
5.16. | LPWAN network coverage in Australia and New Zealand |
5.17. | LPWAN in contingency planning |
6. | CONVERGENCE OF ON LINE AND PHYSICAL RETAILING |
6.1. | Overview |
6.2. | Digital transformation and retail |
6.2.1. | Background & drivers |
6.3. | amazon's key automation initiatives |
6.4. | Walmart's key automation initiatives |
6.5. | Digital and robotic transformation in retail |
6.5.1. | Impact |
6.5.2. | Electronic shelf labels & proximity marketing |
6.6. | Smart city retail and restaurants boost certain vehicles |
7. | FOOD INDEPENDENCE: SMART URBAN FARMING |
7.1. | Food independence |
7.2. | Growing population and growing demand for food |
7.3. | Major crop yields are plateauing using conventional approaches |
7.4. | The young shun farming |
7.5. | Ultra precision agriculture coming via the variable rate technology route |
7.6. | Ultra precision farming will cause upheaval |
7.7. | Agriculture is one the last major industries to digitize |
7.8. | RaaS or equipment sales |
7.9. | Transition towards to swarms of small, slow, cheap robots |
7.10. | Market and technology readiness by agricultural activity |
7.11. | Autonomous robotics for greenhouses and nurseries |
8. | WATER INDEPENDENCE: ZERO EMISSION DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT |
8.1. | Background |
8.2. | Middle East |
8.3. | Best practice small ZE off grid desalination: MIT USA in Puerto Rico etc. |
8.4. | A history of last resort, big is beautiful but vulnerable |
8.5. | Onerous requirements for large desalination plants may force rethink |
8.6. | Solar RO desalination winning in number of ZE plants |
8.7. | Roadmap for ZE off grid desalination 2019-2029 |
8.8. | Competing on price is easier than it seems |
9. | KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: CYBERSECURITY, IOT, SENSORS, ENERGY HARVESTING |
9.1. | Cybersecurity |
9.2. | Internet of things and allied technologies |
9.2.1. | Definitions and scope |
9.2.2. | IoT infrastructure |
9.2.3. | Smart cities and IoT practicality |
9.2.4. | IoT value chain and bias vs IoP |
9.2.5. | IOT and wireless sensor/ actuator applications in future smart cities: examples |
9.2.6. | Losing privacy, committing crime, solving crime |
9.2.7. | Wider deployment means compromises and new challenges |
9.2.8. | Some megatrends favour IoT: others do not |
9.2.9. | Examples of IoT opportunities and suppliers |
9.3. | Smart sensors for smart cities |
9.3.1. | Introduction |
9.3.2. | Fixed vs mobile sensing networks |
9.3.3. | Personal vs private networks |
9.3.4. | Current city wide pollution monitoring programmes |
9.3.5. | Current smart city air monitoring projects |
9.3.6. | Calculated air quality measurements |
9.3.7. | Transport based sensing of environmental pollutants |
9.3.8. | Airborne pollution sensing |
9.3.9. | Mobile monitoring: sensors on bicycles |
9.3.10. | Traffic monitoring with gas sensors |
9.3.11. | Array of things project - Chicago |
9.3.12. | Anatomy of an outdoor sensor node |
9.3.13. | Challenges for smart city monitoring |
9.3.14. | Future opportunities for environmental sensors in smart cities |
9.3.15. | Materials for gas sensors |
9.4. | Energy harvesting microwatt to megawatt |
9.4.1. | Definition, systems design, future |
9.4.2. | Market drivers for energy harvesting |
9.4.3. | Characteristics of energy harvesting |
9.4.4. | Low power vs high power EH features |
9.4.5. | EH transducer principles and materials |
9.4.6. | EH technologies progressing very rapidly in performance and potential applications |
9.4.7. | New examples of low power harvesting by power level |
9.4.8. | Energy independent cities: US, Canada, Dubai |
Slides | 236 |
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Forecasts to | 2029 |