1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Players discussed in this report |
1.2. | Status and future of solid-state battery business |
1.3. | Regional efforts: Germany, France, UK, Australia, USA, Japan, Korea and China |
1.4. | Location overview of major solid-state battery companies |
1.5. | Solid-state battery partner relationships |
1.6. | Solid-state electrolyte technology approach |
1.7. | Summary of solid-state electrolyte technology |
1.8. | Comparison of solid-state electrolyte systems |
1.9. | Technology evaluation |
1.10. | Technology evaluation: polymer vs. LLZO vs. LATP vs. LGPS |
1.11. | Technology and manufacturing readiness |
1.12. | Score comparison |
1.13. | Solid state battery collaborations / acquisitions by OEMs |
1.14. | Battery ambitions |
1.15. | Solid-state battery value chain |
1.16. | Potential applications for solid-state batteries |
1.17. | Market readiness |
1.18. | Solid-state batteries for electric vehicles |
1.19. | Solid-state batteries for consumer electronics |
1.20. | Performance comparison: Electric Vehicles |
1.21. | Performance comparison: CEs & wearables |
1.22. | Market forecast methodology |
1.23. | Assumptions and analysis of market forecast of SSB |
1.24. | Price forecast of solid-state battery for various applications |
1.25. | Solid-state battery addressable market size |
1.26. | Solid-state battery forecast 2020-2030 by application |
1.27. | Market size segmentation in 2025 and 2030 |
1.28. | Solid-state battery forecast 2020-2030 by technology |
1.29. | Solid-state battery forecast 2020-2030 for car plug in |
2. | BACKGROUND |
2.1.1. | Introduction |
2.2. | Why Is Battery Development so Slow? |
2.2.1. | What is a battery? |
2.2.2. | A big obstacle — energy density |
2.2.3. | Battery technology is based on redox reactions |
2.2.4. | Electrochemical reaction is essentially based on electron transfer |
2.2.5. | Electrochemical inactive components reduce energy density |
2.2.6. | The importance of an electrolyte in a battery |
2.2.7. | Cathode & anode need to have structural order |
2.2.8. | Failure story about metallic lithium anode |
2.3. | Safety Issues with Lithium-Ion Batteries |
2.3.1. | Safety of liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion batteries |
2.3.2. | Modern horror films are finding their scares in dead phone batteries |
2.3.3. | Samsung's Firegate |
2.3.4. | Safety aspects of Li-ion batteries |
2.3.5. | LIB cell temperature and likely outcome |
2.4. | Li-ion Batteries |
2.4.1. | Food is electricity for humans |
2.4.2. | What is a Li-ion battery (LIB)? |
2.4.3. | Anode alternatives: Lithium titanium and lithium metal |
2.4.4. | Anode alternatives: Other carbon materials |
2.4.5. | Anode alternatives: Silicon, tin and alloying materials |
2.4.6. | Cathode alternatives: LNMO, NMC, NCA and Vanadium pentoxide |
2.4.7. | Cathode alternatives: LFP |
2.4.8. | Cathode alternatives: Sulphur |
2.4.9. | Cathode alternatives: Oxygen |
2.4.10. | High energy cathodes require fluorinated electrolytes |
2.4.11. | Why is lithium so important? |
2.4.12. | Where is lithium? |
2.4.13. | How to produce lithium |
2.4.14. | Where is lithium used |
2.4.15. | Question: how much lithium do we need? |
2.4.16. | How can LIBs be improved? |
2.5. | Battery Requirement |
2.5.1. | Push and pull factors in Li-ion research |
2.5.2. | The battery trilemma |
2.5.3. | Performance limit |
2.5.4. | Form factor |
2.5.5. | Cost |
2.6. | Conclusions |
2.6.1. | Conclusions |
3. | LONGING FOR ALL SOLID-STATE BATTERIES |
3.1. | Why Solid-State Batteries? |
3.1.1. | A solid future? |
3.1.2. | Lithium-ion batteries vs. solid-state batteries |
3.1.3. | What is a solid-state battery (SSB)? |
3.1.4. | How can solid-state batteries increase performance? |
3.1.5. | Close stacking |
3.1.6. | Energy density improvement |
3.1.7. | Value propositions and limitations of solid-state battery |
3.1.8. | Flexibility and customisation provided by solid-state batteries |
3.2. | Interests on Solid-State Batteries |
3.2.1. | Research efforts on solid-state batteries |
3.2.2. | A new cycle of interests |
3.2.3. | Interests in China |
3.2.4. | CATL |
3.2.5. | Qing Tao Energy Development |
3.2.6. | History of Qing Tao Energy Development |
3.2.7. | Ganfeng Lithium |
3.2.8. | Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, CAS |
3.2.9. | WeLion New Energy Technology |
3.2.10. | JiaWei Renewable Energy |
3.2.11. | 15 Other Chinese player activities on solid state batteries |
3.2.12. | Enovate Motors |
3.2.13. | Chinese car player activities on solid-state batteries |
3.2.14. | Regional interests: Japan |
3.2.15. | Technology roadmap according to Germany's NPE |
3.2.16. | Roadmap for battery cell technology |
3.2.17. | SSB project - Ionics |
3.2.18. | SSB project - SBIR 2016 |
3.2.19. | Automakers' efforts - BMW |
3.2.20. | Automakers' efforts - Volkswagen |
3.2.21. | Automakers' efforts - Hyundai |
3.2.22. | Automakers' efforts - Toyota |
3.2.23. | Automakers' efforts - Fisker Inc. |
3.2.24. | Automakers' efforts - Bolloré |
3.2.25. | Battery vendors' efforts - Panasonic |
3.2.26. | Battery vendors' efforts - Samsung SDI |
3.2.27. | Academic views - University of Münster |
3.2.28. | Academic views - Giessen University |
3.2.29. | Academic views - Fraunhofer Batterien |
4. | SOLID-STATE BATTERIES |
4.1. | Introduction to Solid-State Batteries |
4.1.1. | History of solid-state batteries |
4.1.2. | Solid-state battery configurations |
4.1.3. | Solid-state electrolytes |
4.1.4. | Differences between liquid and solid electrolytes |
4.1.5. | How to design a good solid-state electrolyte |
4.1.6. | Classifications of solid-state electrolyte |
4.1.7. | Thin film vs. bulk solid-state batteries |
4.1.8. | Scaling of thin ceramic sheets |
4.1.9. | How safe are solid-state batteries? |
4.2. | Solid Polymer Electrolytes |
4.2.1. | Applications of polymer-based batteries |
4.2.2. | LiPo batteries, polymer-based batteries, polymeric batteries |
4.2.3. | Types of polymer electrolytes |
4.2.4. | Electrolytic polymer options |
4.2.5. | Advantages and issues of polymer electrolytes |
4.2.6. | PEO for solid polymer electrolyte |
4.2.7. | Polymer-based battery: Solidenergy |
4.2.8. | Coslight |
4.2.9. | BrightVolt batteries |
4.2.10. | BrightVolt product matrix |
4.2.11. | BrightVolt electrolyte |
4.2.12. | Hydro-Québec |
4.2.13. | Solvay |
4.2.14. | IMEC |
4.2.15. | Polyplus |
4.2.16. | SEEO |
4.2.17. | Innovative electrode for semi-solid electrolyte batteries |
4.2.18. | Redefining manufacturing process by 24M |
4.2.19. | Ionic Materials |
4.2.20. | Technology and manufacturing process of Ionic Materials |
4.2.21. | Prieto Battery |
4.2.22. | Companies working on polymer solid state batteries |
4.3. | Solid Inorganic Electrolytes |
4.3.1. | Types of solid inorganic electrolytes for Li-ion |
4.3.2. | Oxide Inorganic Electrolyte |
4.3.3. | Oxide electrolyte |
4.3.4. | Garnet |
4.3.5. | QuantumScape's technology |
4.3.6. | Karlsruhe Institute of Technology |
4.3.7. | Nagoya University |
4.3.8. | Toshiba |
4.3.9. | NASICON-type |
4.3.10. | Lithium ion conducting glass-ceramic powder-01 |
4.3.11. | LICGCTM PW-01 for cathode additives |
4.3.12. | Ohara's products for solid state batteries |
4.3.13. | Ohara / PolyPlus |
4.3.14. | Application of LICGC for all solid-state batteries |
4.3.15. | Properties of multilayer all solid-state lithium ion battery using LICGC as electrolyte |
4.3.16. | LICGC products at the show |
4.3.17. | Manufacturing process of Ohara glass |
4.3.18. | Taiyo Yuden |
4.3.19. | Schott |
4.3.20. | Perovskite |
4.3.21. | LiPON |
4.3.22. | LiPON: construction |
4.3.23. | Players worked and working LiPON-based batteries |
4.3.24. | Cathode material options for LiPON-based batteries |
4.3.25. | Anodes for LiPON-based batteries |
4.3.26. | Substrate options for LiPON-based batteries |
4.3.27. | Trend of materials and processes of thin-film battery in different companies |
4.3.28. | LiPON: capacity increase |
4.3.29. | Technology of Infinite Power Solutions |
4.3.30. | Cost comparison between a standard prismatic battery and IPS' battery |
4.3.31. | Thin-film solid-state batteries made by Excellatron |
4.3.32. | Johnson Battery Technologies |
4.3.33. | JBT's advanced technology performance |
4.3.34. | Ultra-thin micro-battery—NanoEnergy® |
4.3.35. | Micro-Batteries suitable for integration |
4.3.36. | From limited to mass production - STMicroelectronics |
4.3.37. | Summary of the EnFilm™ rechargeable thin-film battery |
4.3.38. | CEA Tech |
4.3.39. | Ilika |
4.3.40. | TDK |
4.3.41. | CeraCharge's performance |
4.3.42. | Main applications of CeraCharge |
4.3.43. | ProLogium: Solid-state lithium ceramic battery |
4.3.44. | ProLogium: "MAB" EV battery pack assembly |
4.3.45. | FDK |
4.3.46. | Applications of FDK's solid state battery |
4.3.47. | Companies working on oxide solid state batteries |
4.3.48. | Sulphide Inorganic Electrolyte |
4.3.49. | Solid Power |
4.3.50. | LISICON-type |
4.3.51. | Hitachi Zosen's solid-state electrolyte |
4.3.52. | Hitachi Zosen's batteries |
4.3.53. | Solid-state electrolytes - Konan University |
4.3.54. | Tokyo Institute of Technology |
4.3.55. | Argyrodite |
4.3.56. | Samsung's work with argyrodite |
4.3.57. | Companies working on sulphide solid state batteries |
4.3.58. | Others |
4.3.59. | Li-hydrides |
4.3.60. | Li-halides |
4.3.61. | Summary |
4.3.62. | Advantages and issues with inorganic electrolytes |
4.3.63. | Dendrites - ceramic fillers and high shear modulus are needed |
4.3.64. | Comparison between inorganic and polymer electrolytes |
4.4. | Patent Analysis around Solid-State Electrolytes |
4.4.1. | Overview of investigation |
4.4.2. | Total number of patents by electrolyte type and material |
4.4.3. | The SSE patent portfolio of key assignees |
4.5. | Patent Analysis on Non-Composite Inorganic or Polymeric Solid-State Electrolyte |
4.5.1. | Total number of patents by SSE material |
4.5.2. | Patent application fluctuations from 2014 to 2016 |
4.5.3. | Legal status of patents in 2018 by SSE material |
4.5.4. | Key assignee's patent portfolio of non-composite SSEs |
4.5.5. | PEO: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.6. | LPS: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.7. | LLZO: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.8. | LLTO: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.9. | Lithium Iodide: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.10. | LGPS: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.11. | LIPON: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.12. | LATP: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.13. | LAGP: Patent Activity |
4.5.14. | Argyrodite: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.15. | LiBH4: Patent Activity Trends |
4.5.16. | Conclusions |
4.6. | Composite Electrolytes |
4.6.1. | The best of both worlds? |
4.6.2. | Toshiba |
4.7. | Solid-State Electrolytes Beyond Li-ion |
4.7.1. | Solid-state electrolytes in lithium-sulphur batteries |
4.7.2. | Lithium sulphur solid electrode development phases |
4.7.3. | Solid-state electrolytes in lithium-air batteries |
4.7.4. | Solid-state electrolytes in metal-air batteries |
4.7.5. | Solid-state electrolytes in sodium-ion batteries |
4.7.6. | Solid-state electrolytes in sodium-sulphur batteries |
5. | SOLID-STATE BATTERY MANUFACTURING |
5.1. | The real bottleneck |
5.2. | The incumbent process: lamination |
5.3. | Summary of processing routes of solid-state battery components fabrication |
5.4. | Process chains for solid electrolyte fabrication |
5.5. | Process chains for anode fabrication |
5.6. | Process chains for cathode fabrication |
5.7. | Process chains for cell assembly |
5.8. | Solid battery fabrication process |
5.9. | Manufacturing equipment for solid-state batteries |
5.10. | Typical manufacturing method of the all solid-state battery (SMD type) |
5.11. | Are thin film electrolytes viable? |
5.12. | Summary of main fabrication technique for thin film batteries |
5.13. | PVD processes for thin-film batteries |
5.14. | Ilika's PVD approach |
5.15. | Avenues for manufacturing |
5.16. | Toyota's approach |
5.17. | Hitachi Zosen's approach |
5.18. | Sakti3's PVD approach |
5.19. | Planar Energy's approach |
6. | COMPANY PROFILES |
6.1. | 24M |
6.2. | Ampcera |
6.3. | Blue Solutions |
6.4. | BrightVolt |
6.5. | Cymbet |
6.6. | EMPA |
6.7. | Flashcharge |
6.8. | FDK Corporation |
6.9. | Hitachi |
6.10. | Ilika |
6.11. | Ionic Materials |
6.12. | Johnson Battery Technologies |
6.13. | Kalptree Energy |
6.14. | Ohara |
6.15. | Planar Energy Devices |
6.16. | Polyplus Battery Company |
6.17. | Prieto Battery Inc. |
6.18. | ProLogium |
6.19. | QuantumScape |
6.20. | Sakti3 |
6.21. | SolidEnergy |
6.22. | Solid Power |
6.23. | Solvay |
6.24. | STMicroelectronics |
6.25. | Thin Film Electronics ASA |
6.26. | Toshiba |
6.27. | Toyota Central Research & Development Laboratories, Inc. |
7. | APPENDIX |
7.1. | Glossary of terms - specifications |
7.2. | Useful charts for performance comparison |
7.3. | Battery categories |
7.4. | Commercial battery packaging technologies |
7.5. | Comparison of commercial battery packaging technologies |
7.6. | Actors along the value chain for energy storage |
7.7. | Primary battery chemistries and common applications |
7.8. | Numerical specifications of popular rechargeable battery chemistries |
7.9. | Battery technology benchmark |
7.10. | What does 1 kilowatthour (kWh) look like? |
7.11. | Technology and manufacturing readiness |
7.12. | List of acronyms |