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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND MARKET FORECASTS |
1.1. | Focus of this report and primary trends |
1.2. | Progress with supercapacitors (2017) |
1.3. | Progress in new applications (Q3 2017) |
1.4. | New applications: Airborne Wind Energy |
1.5. | New applications: Electric Vehicles for Construction |
1.6. | Kone Cranes adopts supercapacitors |
1.7. | Turnkey installation with minimal vehicle engineering |
1.8. | Forecasts |
1.9. | Forecasts 2018-2028 |
2. | STATE OF THE SUPERCAPACITOR MARKET (2017) |
2.1. | Competitive Landscape |
2.2. | Company performance 2017 vs. 2016 |
3. | SUPERCAPACITORS' SUPPLY CHAIN |
3.1. | European perspective on supply chain in supercapacitors |
3.2. | Why do SC manufacturers bother in preparing the active material? |
3.3. | Manufacturing development trends |
4. | SUPERCAPACITORS' COST STRUCTURE |
4.1. | Cost Structure Supercapacitors |
4.2. | Supercapacitors cost reduction is far quicker than lithium ion batteries |
4.3. | How to price energy/power devices? |
4.4. | Supercapacitors: victims of the wrong performance metric? |
4.5. | Hybrid ESS = SC + Battery leads to cost benefits |
5. | TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW |
5.1. | What is a supercapacitor? |
5.2. | Relative performance in Energy and Power of different energy storage technologies |
5.3. | Battery cycle life |
5.4. | Charge and discharge behavior Batteries and Supercapacitors |
5.5. | Practical limits to SC performance |
5.6. | Batteries and Supercapacitors |
5.7. | Theoretical principles |
5.8. | Types of capacitor |
5.9. | Principles - capacitance |
5.10. | Principles - supercapacitance |
5.11. | Principles - energy and power in supercapacitors |
5.12. | Schematics of a supercapacitor |
5.13. | Pseudo capacitance or faradaic behavior |
5.14. | Hybrid capacitors |
5.15. | Benefits of SC and Battery hybrid systems |
5.16. | Self Discharge |
6. | SUPERCAPACITOR COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLE IN PERFORMANCE |
6.1. | Schematics of a supercapacitor |
6.2. | Supercapacitors components |
6.3. | Electrode materials - carbon, binders and additives |
6.4. | Electrode materials - Carbon |
6.5. | Pore size matters for capacitance |
6.6. | Increase Surface Area - Activation of Carbon |
6.7. | Graphene and supercapacitors |
6.8. | Increasing performance - Graphene |
6.9. | Graphene: beyond the hype |
6.10. | Ideal graphene has remarkable properties |
6.11. | Graphene and precursor materials |
6.12. | Surface utilisation challenge |
6.13. | Graphene Oxide (GO) reduction |
6.14. | Graphene/Graphite/CNT materials |
6.15. | Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheets (VOGN) |
6.16. | Supercapacitor performance |
6.17. | Increasing performance - Graphene |
6.18. | Companies setting targets to Increase performance - Graphene |
6.19. | Carbon nanotubes and supercapacitors |
6.20. | Carbon nanotubes CNT |
6.21. | Example Increasing performance - Carbon Nanotubes/ Carbon |
6.22. | Increasing performance - Carbon Nanotubes |
6.23. | Increasing performance Graphene/CNT |
6.24. | Electrolytes for supercapacitors |
6.25. | Electrolytes |
6.26. | Increasing performance the role of electrolytes |
6.27. | Organic vs aqueous electrolytes |
6.28. | Safety - Japanese regulation: a situation to consider |
6.29. | Electrolytes used by manufacturer |
6.30. | Increasing performance of aqueous electrolyte SC |
6.31. | Aqueous based electrolyte supercapacitors match performance of organic electrolyte supercapacitors |
6.32. | Environmentally friendly materials in Supercapacitors while keeping performance |
6.33. | Trends in electrolytes |
6.34. | New trend in electrolytes... Ionic Liquids |
6.35. | Ionic liquids and graphene for ionogel electrolytes in SC |
6.36. | The role of binders in SC |
6.37. | Natural Cellulose in Ionic Liquid Electrode Manufacturing process |
6.38. | Other technological advances - FASTcap |
7. | MARKETS FOR SUPERCAPACITORS |
7.1. | Three main market segments |
7.2. | Existing Automotive Applications details |
7.3. | Existing non-automotive applications |
7.4. | Medium term applications |
7.5. | Market segmentation by Farad/cell |
7.6. | The SC market according to Panasonic |
7.7. | Why SC in Energy Systems? Energy management in fluctuating power demand systems. |
7.8. | US Army's railgun |
8. | SUPERCAPACITORS IN ELECTRONICS |
8.1. | A role for supercapacitors in Smart and Portable Devices |
8.2. | Key enabling technologies and systems |
8.3. | Why Wireless Sensor Networks |
8.4. | Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT |
8.5. | Why Wireless Sensor Networks? |
8.6. | Critical infrastructure monitoring |
8.7. | Wireless Sensor Node |
8.8. | Why SC in Wireless Sensor Networks? |
8.9. | Typical average power of connected devices |
8.10. | Energy harvesting and supercapacitors |
8.11. | WSN operational profile |
8.12. | Why SC in Wireless Sensor Networks? |
8.13. | And that has an impact in power demand profiles... |
8.14. | Batteries are getting thinner |
8.15. | Why Micro-SC in WSN and other consumer electronics? |
8.16. | Energy harvesting with SC |
8.17. | Microsupercapacitors |
8.18. | Manufacturing techniques are key to low cost |
9. | SUPERCAPACITORS IN TRANSPORTATION |
9.1. | Challenges for SC in Automotive |
9.2. | Supercapacitors are replacing some batteries - expensive and little energy stored but... |
9.3. | Supercapacitors have a role in each stage of powertrain electrification |
9.4. | Start-stop Systems - Micro hybrids |
9.5. | Energy Recovery - Mild Hybrid |
9.6. | Continental - a success story |
9.7. | Battery |
9.8. | E.Home electric van |
9.9. | Power at the point of demand |
9.10. | Electronic Controlled Brake |
9.11. | Mazda Japan and Bollore Pininfarina (France/Italy) |
9.12. | Williams Advanced Engineering |
9.13. | Supercapacitor in the automotive sector |
9.14. | OEM's point of view |
9.15. | Supercapacitors in the Automotive Sector |
9.16. | SC progress in Automotive up to date |
9.17. | Supercapacitors in the future - Structural Energy Storage |
9.18. | SC and structural electronics - ZapGo |
9.19. | SC replace batteries on fuel cell for fast charge/ discharge |
9.20. | Bombardier light rail and others use supercapacitor energy harvesting |
9.21. | Rail: two ways of applying supercapacitors |
9.22. | Wayside Rail HESS: Frequency regulation and energy efficiency |
9.23. | Longer life, more reliable, better response. Completely replaces battery in pure electric Sinautec bus |
9.24. | Supercapacitors assist fast charging in ABB's TOSA bus charging system in Geneva |
9.25. | Fast charge-discharge |
9.26. | Hybrid buses in the US |
9.27. | Hybrid buses in China |
9.28. | Hybrid Bus - Series Hybrid |
9.29. | Hybrid Bus - Parallel Hybrid |
9.30. | Modular flexible hybrid drives |
9.31. | Maxwell Technologies Engine Start Module |
9.32. | Idling is a problem |
9.33. | ESM Value proposition |
9.34. | Two markets default option and retrofit (after market) |
9.35. | Supercapacitors in heavy trucks |
9.36. | SC market in retrofit or aftersales |
9.37. | Sports cars use supercaps |
9.38. | Sports cars use supercapacitors |
9.39. | The result - the Toyota Yaris Hybrid-R |
9.40. | Supercapacitors applications in Aerospace |
9.41. | Wireless Sensor Networks - Aviation |
9.42. | Energy harvesting and storage for structural health monitoring |
10. | SUPERCAPACITORS IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS |
10.1. | Supercapacitors in Industrial Applications |
10.2. | Emergency backup when the electrics fail: more likely to work than a battery |
10.3. | Supercapacitors in Port Cranes |
10.4. | Building Elevators |
10.5. | Smart Metering - AMR |
10.6. | Handheld products - Fast Charging |
10.7. | Photo-copying machines |
10.8. | Super Capacitor Heavy-duty Port Towing Vehicle produced by Aowei Certified by MIIT |
10.9. | SC in Lifting operations + Energy Recovery from Short Trips |
10.10. | Forklifts |
10.11. | Meeting on supercapacitors and forklifts |
10.12. | Forklifts may not be the same again |
10.13. | Results of the SC/graphene workshop in Frankfurt |
11. | SUPERCAPACITORS IN GRID APPLICATIONS |
11.1. | Grid Energy Storage |
11.2. | Uses of energy storage - SC and HESS |
11.3. | Hybrid energy storage systems: benefits |
11.4. | The role of SC in the grid |
11.5. | Duke Energy Rankin substation: PV intermittency smoothing + load shifting |
11.6. | Smoothing wind farm power output |
11.7. | Ireland Microgrid test bed |
11.8. | Freqcon - utility-scale supercapacitors |
11.9. | Response from the industry |
11.10. | Nippon Chemi-Con development plan |
12. | SUPERCAPACITORS MAIN COMPETITION: LITHIUM TITANATE BATTERIES |
12.1. | Comparison of SC with LIB: price/power |
12.2. | Battery company: Toshiba |
12.3. | Features of Toshiba's SCIB |
12.4. | Production plant for Toshiba's SCIB |
12.5. | Toshiba R&D activities |
12.6. | Small footprint Lithium titanate batteries by Murata |
12.7. | Graphene - LTO anode Improvement |
12.8. | Nippon Chemicon and LTO at Battery Japan |
13. | HYBRID SUPERCAPACITORS, SUPERCABATTERIES OR ASYMETRIC SUPERCAPACITORS |
13.1. | Nomenclature |
13.2. | Supercapacitors and Hybrid supercap. |
13.3. | Competitive landscape |
13.4. | Supercapacitors evolution |
13.5. | Nano hybrid capacitor (NHC) |
13.6. | Ultrabattery |
13.7. | Hybrid SC-Supercabateries can use aqueous or non aqueous electrolytes |
13.8. | LICs for EV fast charging infrastructures - ZapGo |
13.9. | Forecasts 2018-2028 |
14. | COMPANY VISITS AND INTERVIEWS BY DR. PETER HARROP |
14.1. | Eaton Corporation USA |
14.2. | General Capacitor USA |
14.3. | Ioxus USA |
14.4. | Maxwell Technologies USA |
14.5. | Supreme Power Solutions (SPS) China |
14.6. | YES Clean Energy USA |
14.7. | Auckland University Chemical & Materials Engineering New Zealand |
14.8. | Auckland University Electrical & Computer Engineering New Zealand |
14.9. | Waikato University New Zealand |
15. | APPENDIX |
15.1. | List of abbreviations |
Slides | 245 |
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Forecasts to | 2028 |