データセンターの持続可能性 2025-2035年：グリーン技術、市場予測、有力企業

電力の脱炭素化、太陽光、風力、地熱、原子力、燃料電池、バッテリー、エネルギー効率（熱、IT、電気）、カーボンクレジット、グリーンコンクリート、製造業、スコープ2・スコープ3排出量の削減、市場展望。

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本調査レポートでは、グリーンデータセンターの技術、有力企業、市場を解説しています。スコープ2排出量（再生可能エネルギーとエネルギー効率）とスコープ3排出量（カーボンクレジット、グリーンコンクリート、脱炭素化IT製造）を削減するためのソリューションを取り上げながら、170社以上の企業や2035年までの市場予測を掲載し、この分野をまとめた包括的な調査報告となっています。有望なデータセンター脱炭素化技術、現在進行中の投資、カーボンフリーエネルギーへの転換によるコスト削減予測、CO₂排出の今後の動向を明らかにしています。
「データセンターの持続可能性 2025-2035年」が対象とする主なコンテンツ　
（詳細は目次のページでご確認ください）
■ 全体概要
■ はじめに
  • 概要
  • クリーンエネルギー調達と関連技術の大手データセンター所有者動向
■ データーセンター向け脱炭素発電
  • 太陽光
  • 風力
  • 地熱
  • 原子力
  • 燃料電池と水素
  • バッテリーとエネルギー貯蔵
■ データセンターエネルギー効率
  • 熱効率
  • IT効率
  • 電気効率
■ データセンターでのその他スコープ3脱炭素化
  • カーボンクレジット/カーボンオフセット​
  • グリーンコンクリートとグリーンスチール
  • 製造業/エンボディドカーボン
■ 市場予測
■ 補足的予測
■ 企業概要
 
「データセンターの持続可能性 2025-2035年」は以下の情報を提供します
技術トレンドとプレーヤー分析
  • データセンター脱炭素化の規制状況解説
  • カーボンフリー電源環境・技術・経済的ベンチマーク評価
  • 170社以上（スタートアップ企業から大手データセンター企業まで）のインタビューに基づく企業概要
  • 大手データセンターハイパースケーラーによる持続可能な投資焦点分析
  • データセンターエネルギー効率（PUE、熱効率、電気効率、IT効率）の主な進歩
  • スコープ3排出量削減のためのデータセンター向けソリューション（カーボンクレジットの無効化増加を可能にする二酸化炭素除去分野イノベーションや、建設業の脱炭素化を可能にするグリーンコンクリート・グリーンスチール先端技術など）
  • 製造業エンボディドカーボンへの寄与考察
市場の予測・分析：
  • データセンターでのスコープ2, スコープ3排出量の10年間市場予測
  • データセンターが無効化するカーボンクレジットの10年間市場予測
  • データセンターでの電力消費量の10年間市場予測
  • データセンターでの電力の10年間市場予測（ハイパースケーラー別、コロケーション事業者別、企業ユーザー別）
  • TDP（熱設計電力）の10年間市場予測（CPUとGPUを対象）
  • 永続的かつ工学的な二酸化炭素除去技術の20年間市場予測
  • グリーンセメント技術の10年間予測
 
With the fast growth of AI and high-performance computing, the energy demand and CO2 emissions of the data center sector will continue to increase. As governments increasingly focus on reaching net-zero by 2050 targets, and with data center hyperscalers such as Microsoft and Meta pledging to be carbon neutral by 2030, data centers face increasing pressure to decarbonize operations and prioritize sustainability.
 
IDTechEx's report on Sustainability for Data Centers 2025-2035 characterizes green data center technologies, players, and markets. With coverage across solutions for reducing scope 2 emissions (renewable power generation and energy efficiency on the data center componentry level) and scope 3 emissions (carbon credits, green concrete, and decarbonized IT manufacturing), spanning over 170 companies, and market forecasts until 2035, it provides comprehensive market intelligence for the data center space. Forecast areas include:
  • 10 year market forecast for expected growth in scope 2 and scope 3 emissions (kg) in the data center space.
  • 10 year market forecast for power (GW) and electricity consumption (TWh) in the global data center sector.
  • 10 year market forecast for thermal design power (TDP) for CPUs and GPUs (W).
  • 10 year market forecast for carbon credits for data centers (kg).
  • 10 year market forecast for savings from carbon free energy usage (US$) in global data center sector.
 
Decarbonized power generation
For some regions, unprecedented growth in the data center construction is starting to stretch grid capacity to its limits. To expand in a way aligned with sustainability goals, data center players are increasingly playing a more active role in bringing new renewable energy projects online beyond the standard power purchasing agreements (PPAs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs). For example, early microgrid projects exploring on-site off-grid power generation for data centers are emerging.
 
Global growth in data center energy consumption according to IDTechEx forecasting. Source: IDTechEx
 
Wind and solar power have long been favored by data center players due to a low LCOE (levelized cost of electricity), but the intermittency of these renewables is proving problematic in anticipation of updates to the GHG Protocol with increased focus on location-based and time-based energy matching. This report examines emerging low-carbon energy technologies including hydrogen fuel cells, enhanced geothermal energy, small modular nuclear reactors, and grid-scale Li-ion batteries, identifying key players and case studies in the data center space, and comparing the economic and technical factors that determine which emerging energy solutions hold the most promise for green data centers over the next ten years.
 
Improving energy efficiency
Most existing policies surrounding data center decarbonization, such as the EU Energy Efficiency Directive, relate to the energy efficiency (PUE - power use efficiency) of data centers. As the data center sector transfers over from traditional air cooling to direct-to-chip liquid cooling, bringing reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and energy consumption, tradeoffs in other metrics such as cost and complexity must be considered. Further, with the constant emphasis of energy efficiency from leading component suppliers such as Nvidia, AMD, SK Hynix, and Infineon, the energy efficiency on the componentry level (e.g., GPUs, CPUs, memory modules, power converters, etc) is also seeing growth.
 
This report includes comprehensive coverage of data center cooling technologies and sustainability implications. Improvements are also being made to electrical and IT efficiency alongside thermal efficiency. From purpose-built chips, memory modules, to cooling components and AC/DC converters, data center players are racing to enhance energy efficiency.
 
Reducing Scope 3 emissions
Scope 3 emissions typically represent the majority of CO2 emissions from data centers. Key factors contributing to scope 3 emissions include upstream manufacturing and assembly of servers and networking equipment used in data centers, upstream emissions from purchased electricity, and emissions related to data center construction. In 2023, Microsoft's Scope 3 emissions were 30.9% higher than 2020 "primarily from the construction of more data centers and the associated embodied carbon in building materials, as well as hardware components such as semiconductors, servers, and racks."
 
Because Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions in a company's value chain that are not caused by the company itself, it can be hard for data center players to tackle scope 3 emissions. IDTechEx explores three different ways for companies to reduce scope 3 emissions in this report: (1) Purchasing carbon credits (specifically carbon removal credits) to counteract hard-to-avoid CO2 emissions, ​(2) Using low-carbon materials in data center construction (green concrete, green steel, and timber) either physically or through attribute purchases (book and claim), and (3) Choosing IT hardware with lower embodied/manufacturing carbon over the lifetime of a data center.
 
Key aspects:
This report delivers essential market intelligence about sustainable data centers and solutions for reducing scope 2 and scope 3 CO2 emissions. Green areas explored include decarbonized power generation (wind, solar, geothermal, small modular nuclear reactors, hydrogen fuel cells, and battery energy storage), energy efficiency (PUE, TDP, cooling components, chips, memory and storage, power converters, power supplies), carbon credits, green construction, and embodied carbon associated with manufacturing.
 
Technology trends & players analysis
  • Exploration of the regulatory landscape for data center decarbonization
  • Environmental, technical, and economic benchmarking for carbon free electricity sources
  • Coverage of over 170 companies (start-ups and leading data center players), including interview-based company profiles
  • Analysis of sustainable investment focuses from leading data center hyperscalers
  • Key improvements in data center energy efficiency (PUE, thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency, IT efficiency)
  • Solutions for data centers to reduce scope 3 emissions, including innovations in the carbon dioxide removal space that are opening the door for increased retirements of carbon credits and leading technologies in green concrete and green steel that can decarbonize construction
  • Examination of manufacturing's contribution to embodied carbon
 
Market Forecasts & Analysis:
  • 10 year market forecast for data center scope 2 emissions
  • 10 year market forecast for data center scope 3 emissions
  • 10 year market forecast for carbon credits retired by data centers
  • 10 year market forecast for data center electricity consumption
  • 10 year market forecast for data center power (segmented by hyperscalers, colocators, and enterprise users)
  • 10 year market forecast for thermal design power (TDP - for CPUs and GPUs)
  • 20 year market forecast for durable, engineered carbon dioxide removal technologies
  • 10 year forecast for green cement technologies
Report MetricsDetails
Historic Data2021 - 2024
CAGRThe additional savings from increased carbon free energy usage by data center sector will reach around US$150 billion. This represents a CAGR of 33% between 2025 and 2035.
Forecast Period2025 - 2035
Forecast UnitsMetric ton, US$, Power (GW)
Regions CoveredWorldwide
Segments CoveredScope 2 CO2 emissions for data centers, Scope 3 CO2 emissions for data centers, carbon credits retired for data centers (engineered vs nature-based), thermal design power (TDP) trend for CPUs and GPUs, data center electricity consumption, data center power, carbon dioxide removal technologies, technologies for cement decarbonization, savings from switching to carbon-free energy, CO2 emission split by IT component, CO2e per memory capacity for SSDs and HDDs.
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詳細
この調査レポートに関してのご質問は、下記担当までご連絡ください。

アイディーテックエックス株式会社 (IDTechEx日本法人)
担当: 村越美和子 m.murakoshi@idtechex.com
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.What is a data center?
1.2.Leading global data center hyperscalers
1.3.Data center sustainability metrics
1.4.Scope of IDTechEx's data center decarbonization report
1.5.Introduction to Basic Definitions
1.6.Motivations behind data center sustainability and carbon reductions
1.7.Current picture: Data Center CO2 emissions
1.8.Power demand from data centers will increase significantly over the coming decade
1.9.Data centers get power from the grid
1.10.Which sustainable technologies can have the biggest impact (1/2)?
1.11.Which sustainable technologies can have the biggest impact (2/2)?
1.12.Renewable energy portfolios of data center hyperscalers
1.13.Methods of accounting for scope 2 (power-based) emissions are coming under scrutiny
1.14.Comparison of different power sources for data centers
1.15.Cost comparison of different energy sources
1.16.Wind and solar power dominate the renewable energy portfolios of data centers
1.17.Outlook for solar energy for data centers (1/2)
1.18.Outlook for solar energy for data centers (2/2)
1.19.Outlook for wind energy for data centers
1.20.Outlook: Small modular reactors aim to make nuclear power economically viable
1.21.Fuel cells for data centers
1.22.Outlook: batteries and energy storage for data centers
1.23.Savings from carbon free energy forecast: 2025-2035
1.24.Policies for data center decarbonization
1.25.Regional Actions on Reducing GHG Emission
1.26.Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
1.27.Cooling - an important consideration for overall energy efficiency, IT equipment performance, and GHG emission
1.28.Key Actions of Enabling Sustainable Data Centers Through Enhanced Energy Efficiency - Summary
1.29.Cooling Technology Comparison
1.30.Quantifying Carbon Reduction - Air and Direct-to-Chip Cooling
1.31.Electrical and IT Efficiency
1.32.Scope 2: Global Data Center Lifecycle CO2e (Market-Based Method) Forecast: 2021-2035
1.33.CO2 emissions of data centers - Scope 3
1.34.Scope 2 and Scope 3 CO2e forecast (market-based): 2021-2035
1.35.IT makes the largest contribution to embodied carbon
1.36.Manufacturing/Embodied GHG Emission - IT Componentry Level Split
1.37.Construction of data centers increases scope 3 emissions
1.38.Book and claim system for low-carbon construction
1.39.Data center hyperscalers purchase carbon removal credits for emissions that cannot be otherwise reduced
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.Overview
2.1.1.What is a data center?
2.1.2.Data center sustainability metrics
2.1.3.Scope of IDTechEx's data center decarbonization report
2.1.4.Data Center CO2 emissions
2.1.5.Motivations behind data center sustainability and carbon reductions
2.1.6.Leading global data center hyperscalers
2.1.7.Introduction to Basic Definitions
2.1.8.CO2 emissions of data center hyperscalers - scope 2: market-based vs location-based
2.1.9.CO2 emissions of data center hyperscalers
2.1.10.CO2 emissions of data center hyperscalers - scope 3
2.1.11.GHG Emission Targets From Hyperscalers and Colocators
2.1.12.Policies for data center decarbonization
2.1.13.Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
2.1.14.Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE)
2.1.15.Regional Actions on Reducing GHG Emission
2.1.16.Hyperscale data centers are the most efficient
2.1.17.Data Center Equipment - Top Level Overview
2.1.18.Operating Emission Factors for Cloud Computing CPUs
2.1.19.Operating Emission Factors for Cloud Computing CPUs - Trend Analysis
2.1.20.Total Carbon Emission: Manufacturing + Operating + EoL + Transportation
2.2.Actions of leading data center owners for sourcing clean energy and related technologies
2.2.1.A Summary of Recent Announcements of Leading Data Center Owners Sourcing Clean Energy and Related Technologies - Carbon Credits
2.2.2.A Summary of Recent Announcements of Leading Data Center Owners Sourcing Clean Energy and Related Technologies - Nuclear
2.2.3.A Summary of Recent Announcements of Leading Data Center Owners Sourcing Clean Energy and Related Technologies - Other Renewables
3.DECARBONIZED POWER GENERATION FOR DATA CENTERS
3.1.Introduction
3.1.1.Data centers consume large amounts of power globally
3.1.2.Data centers get power from the grid
3.1.3.Carbon intensity of power production varies geographically
3.1.4.Ways for data centers to decarbonize power and lower scope 2 emissions
3.1.5.Purchase low-carbon power: Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
3.1.6.Purchase low-carbon power: Power purchasing agreements (PPAs)
3.1.7.Clean Transition Tariffs
3.1.8.Renewable energy portfolios of data center hyperscalers
3.1.9.Should the location of renewable power generation matter?
3.1.10.Benchmarking electricity sources
3.1.11.Comparison of different power sources for data centers
3.1.12.Cost comparison of different renewable energy sources
3.1.13.Wind and solar power dominate the renewable energy portfolios of data centers
3.1.14.Microgrids for data centers
3.1.15.Low-carbon microgrids for data centers: case studies (1/2)
3.1.16.Low-carbon microgrids for data centers: case studies (2/2)
3.1.17.Energy storage: the importance of batteries and hydrogen
3.1.18.Low-carbon energy technologies for data center power generation within the scope of this report
3.2.Solar
3.2.1.Solar Installation Capacity Summary
3.2.2.Solar energy - challenges of intermittency and energy storage solutions
3.2.3.Other challenges of solar in data centers - Intermittency and Footprint
3.2.4.Outlook for solar energy in data centers (1/2)
3.2.5.Outlook for solar energy in data centers (2/2)
3.3.Wind
3.3.1.Wind power introduction
3.3.2.Power Efficiency and Wind Turbine Model (1/2)
3.3.3.Power Efficiency and Wind Turbine Model (2/2)
3.3.4.Approaches of getting wind energy powered data centers (1/2)
3.3.5.Approaches of getting wind energy powered data centers (2/2)
3.3.6.Wind and solar combined solution - actions from leading tech companies
3.3.7.Solutions to stabilize the wind power supply
3.4.Geothermal
3.4.1.Introduction to geothermal power
3.4.2.Regions with high geothermal potential
3.4.3.Introduction to enhanced geothermal systems
3.4.4.Economics of enhanced geothermal systems
3.4.5.Geothermal power for data centers
3.4.6.Enhanced geothermal systems for data centers: Sage Geosystems and Fervo Energy
3.4.7.Outlook: Geothermal energy for data centers
3.5.Nuclear Power - Large-Scale, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and Nuclear Fusion
3.5.1.With the aim of decarbonization, nuclear energy poses potential compared with other renewables
3.5.2.Large-scale nuclear reactors
3.5.3.Small modular reactors (SMRs): what and why?
3.5.4.Small modular reactors
3.5.5.SMRs could work alongside renewable energy systems towards decarbonization
3.5.6.Where are the SMR projects?
3.5.7.SMR technology in development
3.5.8.A Summary of Recent Announcements of Leading Data Center Owners Sourcing Clean Energy and Related Technologies - Nuclear
3.5.9.Which SMR reactor design will be favoured by data center players?
3.5.10.What is holding back SMRs?
3.5.11.Are SMRs safer than large nuclear power plants?
3.5.12.Conclusions: SMRs aim to make nuclear power economically viable
3.5.13.Potentials on nuclear fusion
3.6.Fuel cells and hydrogen
3.6.1.Fuel cells for data centers
3.6.2.The importance of back-up power: significant consequences for data center downtime (1/2)
3.6.3.The importance of back-up power: significant consequences for data center downtime (2/2)
3.6.4.Advantages of hydrogen
3.6.5.What are fuel cells?
3.6.6.Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology overview
3.6.7.Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology overview
3.6.8.Data centers: PEMFCs and SOFCs
3.6.9.Data centres and telecom application technology considerations
3.6.10.Technology benchmarking for data centres and telecommunications applications
3.6.11.The hydrogen economy and its impact on the fuel cell market
3.6.12.Status of hydrogen
3.6.13.Barriers remain for low-carbon hydrogen
3.6.14.Key players for PEMFC and SOFC stationary fuel cells
3.6.15.PEMFC data center case studies: projects use hydrogen
3.6.16.SOFC data center case studies: projects use natural gas instead of hydrogen
3.6.17.Outlook: Hydrogen fuel cells in data centers
3.7.Batteries and energy storage
3.7.1.Batteries for data center energy storage
3.7.2.UPS battery technologies
3.7.3.Grid-interactive UPS technologies
3.7.4.Batteries for back-up power generation in data centers - case studies
3.7.5.BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) for data centers - renewable energy storage
3.7.6.BESS for data centers - other behind-the-meter deployment
3.7.7.Front-of-meter BESS for data centers
3.7.8.Grid-scale energy storage: the rise of Li-ion
3.7.9.Key players in grid-scale Li-ion BESS
3.7.10.Outlook: batteries and energy storage for data centers
4.ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR DATA CENTERS
4.1.Introduction
4.1.1.Key Actions of Enabling Sustainable Data Centers Through Enhanced Energy Efficiency - Summary
4.1.2.Avenues to improve efficiencies
4.1.3.Data center's system power consumption by component and efficiency metrics
4.2.Thermal efficiency
4.2.1.Increasing TDP Drives More Efficient Thermal Management
4.2.2.Thermal Level - Data Center Cooling Supply Chain
4.2.3.Historic Data of TDP - GPU
4.2.4.TDP Trend: Historic Data and Forecast Data - CPU
4.2.5.Cooling Methods Overview
4.2.6.Cooling Technology Comparison
4.2.7.Cooling Technology Comparison (2)
4.2.8.Liquid Cooling - Power Limitation of Different Cooling on Rack Level
4.2.9.Different Cooling on Chip Level
4.2.10.Air Cooling Configuration in Data Centers
4.2.11.Hybrid Liquid-to-Air Cooling Configuration in Data Centers
4.2.12.Hybrid Liquid-to-Liquid Cooling Configuration in Data Centers
4.2.13.Hybrid Liquid-to-Refrigerant Cooling Configuration in Data Centers
4.2.14.Hybrid Refrigerant-to-Refrigerant Cooling Configuration in Data Centers
4.2.15.Quantifying Carbon Reduction - Air and Direct-to-Chip Cooling
4.2.16.GHG emission by cooling method
4.2.17.Water consumption by cooling method
4.2.18.Actions of Amazon AWS in Enhancing Thermal Efficiency
4.2.19.Actions of Microsoft in Enhancing Thermal Efficiency
4.2.20.Actions of Google in Enhancing Thermal Efficiency
4.2.21.Actions of Meta in Enhancing Thermal Efficiency
4.2.22.Cooling Tower - Adiabatic Cooling
4.2.23.Balance Between Water Use and Power Use - Case by Case in Practice
4.2.24.Use Case: Jaeggi - Adiabatic and Hybrid Dry Coolers
4.3.IT efficiency
4.3.1.Power demand from data centers will increase significantly over the coming decade
4.3.2.Key assumptions Driving Data Center Power Demand - ROI Has Significant Impacts on the Power Demand Projection
4.3.3.Key assumptions Driving Data Center Power Demand - Power Efficiency Gains
4.3.4.Data Center Power Forecast By Hyperscalers, Colocators, and Enterprise Users: 2013-2035
4.3.5.Data Center Carbon Emission by Data Center Type
4.3.6.Energy Efficiency Increase on Componentry Level Covered in This Report
4.3.7.Critical IT components for data centers
4.3.8.Server level: CO2e and water consumption with and without renewable energy
4.3.9.Enhanced Efficiency of Data Center Component - Purpose-Built Chips
4.3.10.Trend Towards a Higher Power Efficiency - Enhanced Efficiency of CPU
4.3.11.Trend Towards a Lower Power per Unit of Compute Speed - Enhanced Efficiency of GPUs
4.3.12.GHG Emission of Hard Disks - HDDs and SSDs
4.3.13.Manufacturing GHG Emission Per GB of Storage - HDDs Offer Reduced CO2e
4.3.14.Capacity/Power (GB/W) - Enhanced Memory Module Efficiency
4.4.Electrical efficiency
4.4.1.Electrical Level - Data Center Power Components Supply Chain
4.4.2.Efficient UPS Systems
4.4.3.Efficient Power Conversion - Power Electronics in Data Centers
4.4.4.Efficient Power Conversion - Si IGBT to SiC MOSFETs
4.4.5.Potential for GaN - Combination of SiC and GaN might be the solution
4.4.6.Reduced climate impact for GaN
4.4.7.Ongoing Transition from 12V to 48V Power Supply
4.4.8.Intelligent Monitoring Tools and Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) Software to Track Energy Usage in Real-Time
5.ADDITIONAL SCOPE 3 DECARBONIZATION FOR DATA CENTERS
5.1.Introduction
5.1.1.CO2 emissions of data centers - scope 3
5.2.Carbon credits/CO2 offsetting
5.2.1.What is a carbon credit and carbon offsetting?
5.2.2.Carbon removal vs carbon avoidance offsetting
5.2.3.The approach of data center hyperscalers towards CO2 offsetting
5.2.4.Overall Voluntary Carbon Markets
5.2.5.High-quality carbon removals: durability, permanence, additionality
5.2.6.Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Carbon dioxide removal methods that can generate carbon credits
5.2.7.Carbon dioxide removal technology benchmarking
5.2.8.Status and potential of CDR technologies
5.2.9.How are carbon credits certified?
5.2.10.Carbon crediting programs
5.2.11.The role of carbon registries in the credit market
5.2.12.How are voluntary carbon credits purchased?
5.2.13.The carbon removal market players
5.2.14.Data center hyperscalers are the biggest durable carbon removal buyers
5.2.15.Advanced market commitment in CDR
5.2.16.Ensuring high quality credits
5.2.17.Shifting buyer preferences for durable CDR in carbon credit markets
5.2.18.Pre-purchases still dominate the durable CDR space
5.2.19.Prices of CDR credits
5.2.20.How expensive are durable carbon removals credits?
5.2.21.Current CDR carbon credit prices by company and technology
5.2.22.Biochar: Key takeaways
5.2.23.Introduction to BECCS
5.2.24.Significant growth possible for BECCS over the next decade
5.2.25.Biomass burial for CO2 removal
5.2.26.Bio-oil geological storage for CDR
5.2.27.What is direct air capture (DAC)?
5.2.28.Challenges associated with DAC technology
5.2.29.Players targeting 70 Mtpa of DACCS capacity in 2030
5.2.30.Direct Air Capture Technology Landscape
5.2.31.Solid sorbents are the leading DACCS technology
5.2.32.On-site direct air capture for data centers
5.2.33.Afforestation and reforestation: key takeaways
5.2.34."Just plant more trees!" - sustainability and greenwashing considerations
5.2.35.Mineralization: key takeaways
5.2.36.Ocean-based NETs
5.2.37.Ocean-based CDR: key takeaways
5.2.38.Carbon dioxide removal capacity forecast by technology (million metric tons of CO2 per year), 2024-2044
5.2.39.Carbon credits and Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement
5.3.Green concrete and green steel: low-carbon construction
5.3.1.Construction of data centers is increasing
5.3.2.Book and claim system for low-carbon construction
5.3.3.Contribution of concrete to data center CO2 footprint
5.3.4.How much concrete and steel is needed to build a data center?
5.3.5.How much does data center construction cost?
5.3.6.Precast concrete in data center construction
5.3.7.Low-carbon concrete requires cement decarbonization technologies
5.3.8.Benchmarking cement decarbonization technologies
5.3.9.Why is cement production hard to decarbonize?
5.3.10.How much will the green premium be for decarbonized cement?
5.3.11.Cement decarbonization - Analyst viewpoint: Benchmarking of cement decarbonization technologies
5.3.12.Technologies for cement decarbonization - megatonnes per annum of CO2 avoided (2025-2035)
5.3.13.Introduction to supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)
5.3.14.What are the leading supplementary cementitious materials?
5.3.15.Data center hyperscalers have formed partnerships with low-carbon concrete start-ups
5.3.16.CO2 as a performance enhancing additive
5.3.17.Microbial biocement (calcium carbonate cement)
5.3.18.New calcium silicate cements start-ups
5.3.19.Electrochemical cement processing
5.3.20.CO2 utilization enables alternative cementitious materials through mineralization
5.3.21.Role of steel in data centers
5.3.22.Overview of decarbonization technologies for the steel sector
5.3.23.Tech companies' interest in green steel
5.3.24.Data center hyperscalers have formed partnerships with low-carbon steel players
5.3.25.Cross-laminated timber as a low-carbon construction material
5.4.Manufacturing/embodied carbon
5.4.1.Scope 3 data center emissions - the importance of embodied carbon
5.4.2.IT makes the largest contribution to embodied carbon
5.4.3.Manufacturing/Embodied Carbon Emission: Motherboard + Hard Disks
5.4.4.GHG Emission of Hard Disks - HDDs and SSDs
5.4.5.Manufacturing/Embodied GHG Emission Per GB of Storage - SSDs and HDDs for Data Center/HPC Servers
5.4.6.Manufacturing/Embodied GHG Emission - Componentry Level Split
5.4.7.Memory Storage Drive Reuse - Critical Way to Reduce GHG Emission as Storage Drives have Significant GHG Emission from Manufacturing
6.FORECASTS
6.1.CO2e/kWh versus carbon-free energy adoption rate
6.2.Trend of CO2e over time and methodology of forecasting grid carbon intensity
6.3.Grid Carbon Density Forecast (Market-Based, Kg/kWh): 2019-2035
6.4.Scope 2: Global Data Center Lifecycle CO2e (Market-based Method) Forecast: 2021-2035
6.5.Scope 2 and Scope 3 CO2e forecast (market-based): 2021-2035
6.6.Savings from carbon free energy forecast: 2025-2035
6.7.Carbon credits for data center forecast: 2023-2035
7.SUPPLEMENTARY FORECASTS
7.1.Data Center Power and Electricity Forecast: 2013-2035
7.2.Historic Data of TDP - GPU
7.3.TDP Trend: Historic Data and Forecast Data - CPU
7.4.Data Center Power Forecast By Hyperscalers, Colocators, and Enterprise Users: 2013-2035
7.5.Technologies for cement decarbonization - megatonnes per annum of CO2 avoided (2025-2035)
7.6.Carbon dioxide removal capacity forecast by technology (million metric tons of CO2 per year), 2024-2044
8.COMPANY PROFILES
8.1.Decarbonized power generation:
8.1.1.Ballard Power Systems
8.1.2.Bloom Energy
8.1.3.Ceres
8.1.4.Fluence — Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)
8.1.5.NuScale Power
8.1.6.Plug Power
8.1.7.Sage Geosystems
8.2.Carbon dioxide removal:
8.2.1.Airhive
8.2.2.BC Biocarbon
8.2.3.Captura
8.2.4.Carbo Culture
8.2.5.Carbofex
8.2.6.CarbonBlue
8.2.7.CarbonCapture Inc.
8.2.8.Carbyon
8.2.9.Equatic
8.2.10.Graphyte
8.2.11.Heirloom
8.2.12.neustark
8.2.13.Noya
8.2.14.O.C.O Technology
8.2.15.Phlair
8.2.16.PyroCCS
8.2.17.Takachar
8.2.18.UNDO
8.3.Decarbonized concrete and steel
8.3.1.Aker Carbon Capture
8.3.2.Ardent
8.3.3.Biomason
8.3.4.Cambridge Electric Cement
8.3.5.Capsol Technologies
8.3.6.Carbonaide
8.3.7.Coolbrook
8.3.8.HYBRIT
8.3.9.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries: KM CDR Process
8.3.10.Solidia Technologies
8.3.11.Svante
8.4.Data Center Cooling
8.4.1.Accelsius — Two-Phase Direct-to-Chip Cooling
8.4.2.Amazon AWS Data Center
8.4.3.Arieca
8.4.4.Asperitas Immersed Computing
8.4.5.Calyos: Data Center Applications
8.4.6.Engineered Fluids
8.4.7.Green Revolution Cooling (GRC)
8.4.8.Henkel: microTIM and data centers
8.4.9.LiquidCool Solutions
8.4.10.LiSAT
8.4.11.Nano-Join
8.4.12.NeoFan
8.4.13.Neurok Thermocon Inc
8.4.14.Parker Lord: Dispensable Gap Fillers
8.4.15.Resonac Holdings
8.4.16.Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd
8.4.17.Taybo (Shanghai) Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
8.4.18.Tyson
8.4.19.Vertiv Holdings - Data Center Liquid Cooling
8.4.20.ZutaCore
 

About IDTechEx reports

What are the qualifications of the people conducting IDTechEx research?

Content produced by IDTechEx is researched and written by our technical analysts, each with a PhD or master's degree in their specialist field, and all of whom are employees. All our analysts are well-connected in their fields, intensively covering their sectors, revealing hard-to-find information you can trust.

How does IDTechEx gather data for its reports?

By directly interviewing and profiling companies across the supply chain. IDTechEx analysts interview companies by engaging directly with senior management and technology development executives across the supply chain, leading to revealing insights that may otherwise be inaccessible.
 
Further, as a global team, we travel extensively to industry events and companies to conduct in-depth, face-to-face interviews. We also engage with industry associations and follow public company filings as secondary sources. We conduct patent analysis and track regulatory changes and incentives. We consistently build on our decades-long research of emerging technologies.
 
We assess emerging technologies against existing solutions, evaluate market demand and provide data-driven forecasts based on our models. This provides a clear, unbiased outlook on the future of each technology or industry that we cover.

What is your forecast methodology?

We take into account the following information and data points where relevant to create our forecasts:
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  • Forecasts can be based on an s-curve methodology where appropriate, taking into account the above factors
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Based on our technical analysts and their research methodology, for over 25 years our work has regularly received superb feedback from our global clients. Our research business has grown year-on-year.
 
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What differentiates IDTechEx reports?

Our team of in-house technical analysts immerse themselves in industries over many years, building deep expertise and engaging directly with key industry players to uncover hard-to-find insights. We appraise technologies in the landscape of competitive solutions and then assess their market demand based on voice-of-the-customer feedback, all from an impartial point of view. This approach delivers exceptional value to our customers—providing high-quality independent content while saving customers time, resources, and money.

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IDTechEx was established in 1999, and is headquartered in Cambridge, UK. Since then, the company has significantly expanded and operates globally, having served customers in over 80 countries. Subsidiary companies are based in the USA, Germany and Japan.

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スライド 307
フォーキャスト 2035
 

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