1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | What is the circular economy? |
1.2. | The filthy five: curbing single use plastics |
1.3. | Global plastics production to grow to 485 Mt in 2028 |
1.4. | Historical management of Municipal Solid Waste |
1.5. | China's National Sword policy |
1.6. | Outlook for managing plastic waste in largest producers |
1.7. | What is solvent extraction? |
1.8. | Drivers and restraints |
1.9. | Conversion of plastics to fuels (PTF) |
1.10. | Drivers and restraints |
1.11. | Polymer to monomer and intermediate depolymerisation |
1.12. | Drivers and restraints |
1.13. | Global revenues from polymer recycling |
1.14. | What is the future for polymer recycling? |
2. | INTRODUCTION: PLASTIC WASTE |
2.1. | Social, economic and environmental megatrends |
2.2. | Reduced carbon dioxide emissions directives |
2.3. | What is the circular economy? |
2.4. | Global supply of plastics has grown exponentially |
2.5. | Polymer types: thermoplastics , thermosets and elastomers |
2.6. | The filthy five: curbing single use plastics |
2.7. | Global plastics production to grow to 485 Mt in 2028 |
2.8. | Historical management of Municipal Solid Waste |
2.9. | China's National Sword policy |
2.10. | Outlook for managing plastic waste in largest producers |
3. | INTRODUCTION: BIOBASED AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS |
3.1. | The range of biobased monomers |
3.2. | Defining "biobased polymers" |
3.3. | Biobased polymers and waste management in 2019 |
3.4. | Are biodegradable plastics the solution? |
3.5. | Biobased value add: The Green Premium... |
3.6. | ...versus the price of Brent Crude |
3.7. | Environmental costs: the rising tide of plastic pollution |
3.8. | Feedstock competition: food or fuel (or plastics)? |
3.9. | Drivers and restraints of market growth |
4. | RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW: POLYMER RECYCLING PROCESSES |
4.1. | Recycling collection methods and facilities |
4.2. | The four types of recycling: process definitions |
4.3. | Opportunities for recycling in the polymer value chain |
5. | RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW: RECYCLING KEY POLYMERS |
5.1. | Recycling key polymer types |
5.2. | Recycling PET |
5.3. | Technology suppliers for PET recycling in this report |
5.4. | Recycling PE |
5.5. | Technology suppliers for PE recycling in this report |
5.6. | Recycling PP |
5.7. | Technology suppliers for PP recycling in this report |
5.8. | Recycling PS |
5.9. | Technology suppliers for PS recycling in this report |
6. | PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RECYCLING: MECHANICAL RECYCLING |
6.1. | Primary mechanical recycling |
6.2. | Secondary mechanical recycling: collection |
6.3. | Secondary mechanical recycling: decontamination |
6.4. | Secondary mechanical recycling: melt and extrusion |
6.5. | Drivers and restraints of secondary mechanical recycling |
7. | SECONDARY RECYCLING: SOLVENT EXTRACTION |
7.1. | What is solvent extraction |
7.2. | Vinyloop- PVC warning case study |
7.3. | Technology suppliers |
7.4. | Company profiles |
7.5. | Drivers and restraints |
8. | TERTIARY RECYCLING: PLASTIC TO FUEL CONVERSION |
8.1. | Conversion of plastics to fuels (PTF) |
8.2. | Incineration, gasification or thermal pyrolysis? |
8.3. | Feedstock materials for PTF conversion |
8.4. | PTF conversion outputs and side products |
8.5. | Technology suppliers |
8.6. | Company profiles |
8.7. | Drivers and restraints |
9. | TERTIARY RECYCLING: DEPOLYMERISATION |
9.1. | Polymer to monomer and intermediate depolymerisation |
9.2. | Depolymerisation of PET |
9.3. | Depolymerisation of polystyrene |
9.4. | Depolymerisation of polyolefins |
9.5. | Depolymerisation of biodegradable polymers |
9.6. | Technology suppliers by feedstock |
9.7. | Company profiles |
9.8. | Drivers and restraints |
10. | QUATERNARY RECYCLING: INCINERATION |
10.1. | Waste to energy: polymer incineration |
10.2. | MSW versus coal, oil and gas comparison |
10.3. | Incineration competing with landfill and recycling |
10.4. | Incineration uptake: USA versus Europe |
10.5. | Debate surrounding incineration |
11. | MARKET FORECASTS AND CONCLUSIONS |
11.1. | Breakeven price point for mechanical recycling |
11.2. | Breakeven for solvent extraction |
11.3. | Breakeven for plastic to fuel conversion |
11.4. | Breakeven for depolymerisation |
11.5. | Global revenues from polymer recycling |
11.6. | What is the future for polymer recycling? |
12. | APPENDIX: GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS |