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저전력 광역 네트워크 (2019-2029년): 세계 전망, 기술, 응용분야
IoT 활성화를 위한 LPWAN, WPAN 및 5G: 평가 및 예측
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저전력 광역 네트워크(LPWAN)는 여러 가지 방법으로 개발되었다. 저전력, 비면허 통신 기술을 보유하고 있으며 그 중 일부는 독점적이며 특정 응용분야에 중점을 두고 있는데, 셀룰러 네트워크의 확장으로 저전력 버전을 추가한 대기업과 비교할 수 있다. 정부와 지역마다 다른 유형을 추진하여, 다양한 유형들이 존재한다.
The key research in this report includes:
- 5G subscription in mobile segments by geography (number of subscriptions)
- 5G revenue in mobile segments by geography ($ millions)
- Current year market size and forecasts to 2029 by communication protocol type, for NB-IoT, LTE-M, LoRa and other unlicensed spectrum protocols
- Current year market size and forecasts to 2029 by application type, including smart cities, asset tracking, smart home and agriculture
- Comparison of low power wide area networks, 5G and low power wireless networks - technologies, costs, players, politics and government support
- Case studies and progress of adoption for each communication type
- Assessment of each communication type by application
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) have developed in multiple ways. On one hand you have the low power, unlicensed communication technologies, some of which are highly proprietary and focused on a particular application, versus large telecoms companies who have added low power versions as extensions of their cellular network, with the leading cellular protocols, NB-IoT and LTE, now wrapped up into the 5G standard. There are many types available with different governments and territories pushing different types.
Then there is the consideration of the 'smoke and mirror' marketing of all these choices, with inconsistent and often inflated numbers of connections loosely used. This is due to each of the proponents being aware that they need to be seen as the protocol of choice before potential adopters sniff loss of confidence and momentum, leading to an inevitable shake-out of some of these options.
This study specifically focuses on the following:
1. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN):
- NB-IoT
- LTE-M
- LoRaWan
- Sigfox
- Weightless
- InGenu
- Others
2. 5G
- Including NB-IoT and LTE
- Subscriptions for phones, tablets and other consumer electronics
- Vehicle and home communications
3. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN):
- Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth Low Energy
- Thread
- WiFi
- ZigBee
- Z-Wave
- Others
Based on 19 years' experience of assessing the wireless communication and IoT markets, IDTechEx Research has approached this study by assessing for the above:
- Technology specifications
- Key players and value chain
- Business models and costs
- Rate of adoption
- Match of technology capabilities to specific application needs
- Cases studies
- Level of government support
Primary research has been conducted based on primary interviews with network operators, semiconductor manufacturers, licensing companies and device manufacturers.
Based on this global assessment, with particular focus on China, led by IDTechEx analyst Dr Luyun Jiang, forecasts have been developed by both application type and communication type for LPWAN protocols for 2018-2029 (excluding 2G, 3G and 4G connections).
In addition to an analysis of the technologies, IDTechEx has analyzed the four main verticals driving adoption of low power wireless network technology, these are:
Smart Buildings and Homes - Intelligent building networks are moving past the early adopter stage into the early majority, with government regulation driving the need for connected utilities and intelligent lighting and environmental management being used to make homes and offices more energy efficient, wireless networks play a key role in the connected building.
Smart Cities - Governments around the world are investing heavily in adding connected infrastructure to their environments, primarily in street lighting and environmental monitoring solutions among other applications.
Asset Tracking - Low power networks are providing a new business model in the form of subscriptions for tracking of things.
Agriculture - Technology is increasingly entering the agricultural space with new ways to monitor crops, water usage, environmental conditions and other aspects designed to ensure produce uniformity and good yields on farms and vineyards. The long range and low power requirements of LPWAN networks make them suitable for some applications.
The report includes over 120 companies working in this space from across the value chain. Profiles are generated from interview-based primary research with key staff from the relevant company, and are compiled alongside our other research to give maximum insight into the industry.
From our end user interviews, we summarize the future direction in some of the world's largest companies, outlining their vision for how wireless networks will play a key role in the future of IoT, and what they feel is needed from parallel industries to drive further growth. Key to our objective of the report is it summation of impartial, research driven data on the adoption of these technologies.
The report provides an impartial, global view of the complex landscape of new wireless communications, focusing on 5G and LPWAN.
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | What is a wireless network? |
| 1.2. | What has led to the age of IoT? |
| 1.3. | Industries targeting IoT |
| 1.4. | Hurdles to mass rollout of IoT infrastructure |
| 1.5. | Choosing the right connectivity option |
| 1.6. | Different IoT use cases have different network requirements |
| 1.7. | Different network types have different strengths |
| 1.8. | What is LPWAN? |
| 1.9. | Two main use cases for LPWAN |
| 1.10. | Interest in LPWAN has grown dramatically since 2015 |
| 1.11. | Key players providing LPWAN technology |
| 1.12. | LPWAN Providers at a glance |
| 1.13. | Is 5G the future for IoT? |
| 1.14. | 5G now incorporates NB-IoT and LTE-M |
| 1.15. | NB-IoT driven by the Chinese market |
| 1.16. | Sensors in the smart home |
| 1.17. | Sensors in the smart city |
| 1.18. | LPWAN in precision agriculture |
| 1.19. | Report outcomes |
| 1.20. | Smoke and Mirrors |
| 1.21. | Conclusions |
| 1.22. | Total connections by year by application 2018-2029 |
| 1.23. | Total connections by year for NB-IoT, LTE, LoRa and Others 2018-2029 |
| 1.24. | 5G subscription in mobile segments by geography |
| 1.25. | 5G revenue in mobile segments by geography |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET OF THINGS |
| 2.1. | A brief history of the internet |
| 2.2. | An internet made of things |
| 2.3. | The Internet of Things is about getting value out of data |
| 2.4. | Different industries have different focus |
| 2.5. | Five ways IoT is creating opportunities |
| 2.6. | What is a smart device? |
| 2.7. | Connecting something to the internet does not make it smart |
| 2.8. | Key definitions used in wireless networks |
| 2.9. | Important business choices for IoT companies |
| 3. | NETWORKING DEVICES THROUGH THE INTERNET OF THINGS |
| 3.1. | Safe communication using radio frequency |
| 3.2. | IoT devices produce small amounts of data |
| 3.3. | Large scale IoT projects have specific connectivity needs |
| 3.4. | Addressing the IP address shortage |
| 3.5. | 6LowPAN is an extension of IPv6 |
| 3.6. | Low bitrate signals travel longer distances |
| 3.7. | Ultra narrow band (UNB) data transmission |
| 3.8. | Different IoT use cases have different network requirements |
| 3.9. | LPWAN technology developed in the 1980s |
| 3.10. | Key features of LPWAN connectivity |
| 3.11. | Dealing with interference in an LPWAN system |
| 3.12. | Worldwide radio spectrum availability |
| 3.13. | Use of licenced and unlicensed spectrum |
| 3.14. | Different spectrum areas support different applications |
| 3.15. | Cellular communication on licenced spectrum |
| 3.16. | Global use of unlicensed spectrum. |
| 3.17. | A long term future for unlicensed spectrum IoT devices? |
| 3.18. | Spectrum sharing as the next model for licensed spectrum? |
| 3.19. | Relative Project Costs for Cellular and LPWAN for new Deployments |
| 3.20. | Licensed and unlicensed protocols |
| 3.21. | Networking using a mesh topology |
| 3.22. | Power management in mesh networks |
| 3.23. | Networking using a scatternet topology |
| 3.24. | Networking using a star topology |
| 3.25. | Security considerations for IoT networks |
| 4. | KEY PLAYERS IN THE WPAN ECOSYSTEM |
| 4.1. | The WPAN ecosystem is well established, but evolving |
| 4.2. | Bluetooth 5-the next WPAN system? |
| 4.3. | Bluetooth 4.2 vs Bluetooth 5 |
| 4.4. | Cutting through the hype on Bluetooth 5 |
| 4.5. | Three ZigBee specifications |
| 4.6. | Thread networking protocol |
| 4.7. | Interoperability in WPAN systems |
| 4.8. | Comparison of WLAN networking protocols |
| 4.9. | Applications of short range networks |
| 4.10. | Alliances lead to operability issues |
| 5. | COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LPWAN ECOSYSTEM |
| 5.1. | How many competing LPWAN technologies? |
| 5.2. | The 'five 10s' of LPWAN connectivity |
| 5.3. | Terminology used in LPWAN architecture |
| 5.4. | Ingenu worldwide coverage |
| 5.5. | LoRa Vs LoRaWAN |
| 5.6. | LoRaWAN worldwide coverage |
| 5.7. | Transmission over Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) |
| 5.8. | LoRaWAN system architecture |
| 5.9. | LoRaWAN protocol architecture |
| 5.10. | Three classifications of LoRaWAN networks |
| 5.11. | The Things Network |
| 5.12. | Global reach of The Thing's Network community |
| 5.13. | Applications and Limitations of LoRaWAN |
| 5.14. | Sigfox architecture |
| 5.15. | Global Sigfox coverage |
| 5.16. | Sigfox local operators by region |
| 5.17. | Classification of Weightless technologies |
| 5.18. | NB-IoT takes aim at LPWAN |
| 5.19. | NB-IoT |
| 5.20. | Examples of Cellular operators trialling or deploying NB-IoT |
| 5.21. | Huawei & Vodafone leading the way in NB-IoT |
| 5.22. | Huawei NB-IoT Prediction for 2018 |
| 5.23. | NB-IoT Forum serves the needs of companies in the ecosphere |
| 5.24. | ARM backs NB-IoT |
| 5.25. | NB-IoT trials |
| 5.26. | The first commercial NB-IoT network launches in Europe |
| 5.27. | NB-IoT networks in 2018 and Beyond |
| 5.28. | Inside the Vodafone NB-IoT open lab |
| 5.29. | Hurdles to NB-IoT rollout |
| 5.30. | Examples of companies partnering with Huawei on NB-IoT |
| 5.31. | T-Mobile rolls the dice on NB-IoT |
| 5.32. | LTE-M rolls out in America |
| 5.33. | LTE-M vs NB-IoT |
| 5.34. | LTE-M vs NB-IoT |
| 5.35. | LTE-M could kickstart the smartwatch industry |
| 5.36. | Key comparisons for each LPWAN provider |
| 5.37. | The IoT battlefield: licensed vs unlicensed networks |
| 5.38. | Different LPWAN winners in different regions |
| 5.39. | Comparison of LPWAN capabilities |
| 5.40. | Visual comparison of LPWAN technologies |
| 5.41. | Defined battery life with LPWAN technology |
| 5.42. | Firmware upgrades over LPWAN |
| 5.43. | IoT networks designed for less economically developed countries |
| 5.44. | 5G and IoT? |
| 5.45. | 5G for the automotive sector |
| 5.46. | 5G wraps in NB-IoT and LTE-M |
| 5.47. | Unlicensed spectrum LPWAN making some impact in China |
| 5.48. | Roaming capabilities of each LPWAN technology |
| 5.49. | Total cost of LPWAN ownership |
| 5.50. | Porters five force analysis of the LPWAN industry |
| 6. | ASSESSMENT OF 5G |
| 6.1. | What is 5G (1) |
| 6.2. | What is 5G (2) |
| 6.3. | Evolution of mobile communications |
| 6.4. | What can 5G offer (1) |
| 6.5. | What can 5G offer (2) |
| 6.6. | Differences between 4G and 5G |
| 6.7. | The main technique innovations |
| 6.8. | 5G operates at high frequency |
| 6.9. | Combine sub-6 GHz and high frequency |
| 6.10. | Why 5G is Lower Latency Radio Transmissions |
| 6.11. | Key techniques: mmWave |
| 6.12. | Key techniques: massive MIMO |
| 6.13. | Massive MIMO enables beam forming |
| 6.14. | Massive MIMO challenges and possible solutions |
| 6.15. | Key techniques: edge-computing |
| 6.16. | Key techniques: network slicing |
| 6.17. | Key techniques: spectrum sharing |
| 6.18. | Antenna array architectures for beam forming |
| 6.19. | Base station site innovations |
| 6.20. | 5G infrastructure: Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia, ZTE |
| 6.21. | 5G beyond mobile |
| 6.21.1. | 5G for TV service and internet at home (1) |
| 6.21.2. | 5G for TV service and internet at home (2) |
| 6.21.3. | 5G for connected plane |
| 6.21.4. | 5G application example: V2X communication in cities |
| 6.21.5. | 5G application example: V2X communication in cities |
| 6.21.6. | 5G for automation: remote surgery |
| 6.21.7. | 5G for automation: driver assistance systems |
| 6.21.8. | 5G for automation: driver assistance systems (2) |
| 6.21.9. | LiFi: complementary to 5G system |
| 6.21.10. | 5G for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) |
| 6.21.11. | Selected use cases of 5G in future factory |
| 6.21.12. | 5G for Industry 4.0 in Nokia Factory |
| 6.22. | Roadmap and Implementation |
| 6.22.1. | 5G roadmap and timeline: finalising standardisation |
| 6.22.2. | 5G roadmap and timeline: finalising standardisation |
| 6.22.3. | Key players in 5G technologies |
| 6.22.4. | 5G trials taking place |
| 6.22.5. | 5G in USA (1) |
| 6.22.6. | 5G in USA (2) |
| 6.22.7. | 5G in China (1) |
| 6.22.8. | 5G in China (2) |
| 6.22.9. | 5G in Australia |
| 6.22.10. | 5G in the Philippines |
| 6.22.11. | 5G in Korea: PyeongChang 2018 |
| 6.22.12. | 5G in Japan (1) |
| 6.22.13. | 5G in Japan (2) |
| 6.22.14. | 5G in Singapore: waived 5G spectrum fees |
| 6.22.15. | Other Trials |
| 6.22.16. | Challenges and future |
| 6.23. | NB-IoT is now also 5G |
| 6.23.1. | 5G now incorporates NB-IoT and LTE-M |
| 6.23.2. | NB-IoT, eMTC and 5G will cover different aspects |
| 6.23.3. | NB-IoT is a better solution for LPWAN |
| 6.23.4. | NB-IoT driven by the Chinese market |
| 6.23.5. | NB-IoT networks can be deployed by using the existing sites |
| 6.23.6. | Target market segments for NB-IoT |
| 6.23.7. | Use cases of NB-IoT: B2G (government) |
| 6.23.8. | Use cases of NB-IoT: B2B (1) |
| 6.23.9. | Use cases of NB-IoT: B2B (2) animal tracking |
| 6.23.10. | Use cases of NB-IoT: B2B (2) logistics tracking |
| 6.23.11. | Use cases of NB-IoT: B2C |
| 6.23.12. | NB-IoT/LTE-M global implementation |
| 6.23.13. | NB-IoT innovators: 500+ |
| 6.24. | 5G market forecast |
| 6.24.1. | 5G subscription in mobile segments by geography |
| 6.24.2. | 5G revenue in mobile segments by geography |
| 7. | HARDWARE ENABLING WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY |
| 7.1. | LPWAN offers big opportunities for the chip industry |
| 7.2. | Licensing requirements for LPWAN technologies |
| 7.3. | Price comparison of LPWAN module costs |
| 7.4. | Semiconductor manufacturers announcing chipsets for NB-IoT |
| 7.5. | Huawei driving NB-IoT hardware growth |
| 7.6. | Comprehensive database of LPWAN silicon manufacturers |
| 7.7. | Key players providing WPAN modules & chipsets |
| 7.8. | Recent acquisitions in the semiconductor industry |
| 7.9. | Linking LPWAN and WPAN communication methods |
| 7.10. | Multiple LPWAN technologies in a single device |
| 7.11. | Versatile chips are a game changer in the smart home |
| 7.12. | MEMS enabling the miniaturisation of chemical sensors |
| 7.13. | Sensor prototyping boards demonstrate demand from start-ups |
| 8. | INDOOR WIRELESS NETWORK USE CASES |
| 8.1. | A smart home should be a place where... |
| 8.2. | Interest in the smart home is growing |
| 8.3. | A slow uptake in smart home devices so far |
| 8.4. | Control System- Fully Connected IoT system |
| 8.5. | Trends in smart homes |
| 8.6. | Locks in a smart home |
| 8.7. | Connected thermostats and energy meters |
| 8.8. | Motion sensors |
| 8.9. | Connected lights |
| 8.10. | Indoor air quality monitoring |
| 8.11. | Home utilities were the beginning of LPWAN |
| 8.12. | Home metering is LPWANs biggest market |
| 8.13. | Smart metering will peak in 2022 |
| 8.14. | Enabling long range mesh networks for utilities |
| 8.15. | IKEA pledges support for ZigBee |
| 8.16. | ZigBee establishing itself as the smart home network |
| 8.17. | Mesh networking Bluetooth devices indoors |
| 8.18. | Wi-Fi routers are adopting multiple forms of communication to become the centre of the home |
| 8.19. | Temperature and humidity monitoring |
| 8.20. | Wireless indoor air quality monitoring |
| 8.21. | Fuel tank monitoring for home energy |
| 8.22. | Communication through sound in the smart home |
| 9. | WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY IN SMART CITIES |
| 9.1. | Where are the smart cities? |
| 9.2. | Four factors that contribute to a smart city |
| 9.3. | Smart city mesh networks |
| 9.4. | The Wi-Sun alliance |
| 9.5. | Silver Spring networks in smart cities |
| 9.6. | LPWAN trends in smart cities |
| 9.7. | Smart City Trends: Parking |
| 9.8. | Car parking assisted by IoT |
| 9.9. | Smart City Trends: Waste |
| 9.10. | Smart city trends: street lights |
| 9.11. | Libelium nodes utilising LPWAN technology |
| 9.12. | Case Study: San Diego |
| 9.13. | LPWAN deployment across India |
| 9.14. | Internet connected fire hydrants |
| 9.15. | People as sensor nodes |
| 9.16. | LPWAN on a university campus |
| 9.17. | Canal systems in the Netherlands make use of LPWAN technology |
| 9.18. | LPWAN network coverage in Australia and New Zealand |
| 9.19. | LPWAN in contingency planning |
| 10. | ASSET TRACKING USING IOT |
| 10.1. | Transmission on the Internet of moving Things |
| 10.2. | Traditional asset tracking methods are not ideal for IoT devices |
| 10.3. | Geolocation with LoRaWAN |
| 10.4. | Sigfox launches asset tracking platform |
| 10.5. | RTLS combining multiple transmission methods |
| 10.6. | Bluetooth well established in indoor location tracking |
| 10.7. | Asset tracking across indoor and outdoor space |
| 10.8. | LPWAN in the home |
| 10.9. | NB-IoT for theft management |
| 10.10. | Bicycle sharing enabled through NB-IoT |
| 10.11. | Medical asset tracking |
| 10.12. | Internet enabled pallet tracking |
| 10.13. | SAYME launch Sigfox based tracking modules |
| 10.14. | Asset tracking and a lot more |
| 10.15. | LPWAN as a GPS back up - case studies |
| 10.16. | Tracking shipping containers |
| 10.17. | NB-IoT in wearables |
| 10.18. | Child & pet tracking with IoT |
| 10.19. | Animal tracking in national parks |
| 11. | WIRELESS NETWORKS ENABLING SMART AGRICULTURE |
| 11.1. | LPWAN technologies see major success in agriculture vertical |
| 11.2. | Crop monitoring using LPWAN networks |
| 11.3. | Agricultural monitoring in New Zealand |
| 11.4. | Verizon enter agricultural space |
| 11.5. | Smart vineyards enabled through IoT |
| 11.6. | Connected Kiwi production |
| 11.7. | A smart gardening system |
| 11.8. | Animal tracking across African plains |
| 11.9. | Sustainable fisheries with IoT |
| 11.10. | Sensor networks monitoring forest fires |
| 11.11. | Wireless sensor networks enabling fire fighters |
| 12. | MARKET FORECASTS |
| 12.1. | Market forecasts - what's included |
| 12.2. | Total connections by year by application 2018-2029 |
| 12.3. | Total connections by year for NB-Iot, LTE, LoRa and Others 2018-2029 |
| 12.4. | Total connections by year 2018 - 2029: Unlicensed vs Licensed |
| 12.5. | Asset tracking market for low power networks 2018-2029 |
| 12.6. | Smart home, consumer electronics and home utilities: low power connections 2018-2029 |
| 12.7. | Smart city low power connections 2018-2029 |
| 12.8. | Agricultural market for low power networks by deployment |
| 12.9. | 5G subscription in mobile segments by geography |
| 12.10. | 5G revenue in mobile segments by geography |
| 12.11. | Conclusions |
2029년에 27억 개의 LPWAN이 연결될 것이다
보고서 통계
| 슬라이드 | 311 |
|---|---|
| 전망 | 2029 |
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