Our understanding of biology is growing daily, and perhaps our clearest understanding is that we routinely underestimate the complexity of biological systems. A fundamental change is needed in how we approach information exchange with biological systems. For decades, biological transistors have been touted as a potential gateway between digital and biological networks. With Cardea's creation of scaled graphene-based electronics chips, the opportunity is here now to begin directly integrating biological and digital information.

Dr. Goldsmith is the founding CTO of Cardea. He was a lead researcher on landmark field effect biosensing papers in Science, Nature Nanotechnology, Scientific Reports, and Nature Biotechnology. His early work established coupling of biochemical systems to carbon nanotubes, for which he won the Nottingham Prize from the Physical Electronics Conference. Dr. Goldsmith earned his PhD in Chemical and Material Physics at UCI, had a postdoc fellowship at University of Pennsylvania, helped develop research programs for ONR and DARPA, and has led the technical team for the world's leading nanotechnology company.

Cardea's patented biosensor technology uses the conductive and biocompatible nanomaterial, graphene, to convert molecules into digital elements. Combined with proprietary and patented Field Effect Biosensing™ (FEB) technology, Cardea is able to connect biology directly to digital networks, creating immediate access to biological data. For the first time, answers can be discovered in digital form with no translation needed. FEB enables biosensor miniaturization, opening a new world for platform portability and scalability.