2024-2044年自动驾驶卡车：技术、趋势、预测

这份关于自动驾驶卡车的报告详细分析了该行业的参与者和活动。通过追溯到 2019 年的销售历史数据对当前市场进行了背景分析，并对中国、欧洲、美国和 世界其他地区进行了区域细分。确定了行业面临的主要挑战和机遇，并对其商业部署和区域政策进行了预测。对每个市场的高保真分析为 IDTechEx 的 20 年预测提供了指导。

 

本报告的主要内容包括

 

 

o 卡车行业简介，SAE 自动驾驶级别水平

o 自动驾驶监管机构分析--欧盟、美国和中国

o 参与者名单 - 初创企业

o 参与者名单 - 成熟的卡车制造商

o 参与者名单 - 没落的卡车制造商

o 自动驾驶卡车的冗余性

o 卡车分析 - 市场准备程度、成熟度、融资情况

o 卡车分析 - 测试里程、路径、合作伙伴、时间、地点、速度和审批权限

o 卡车分析 - 商业模式和总体拥有成本（TCO）分析

o 卡车分析 - 关键驱动因素和剩余障碍

o 按车辆类型划分的地点

o 车辆和公司的价值链地位

o 值得关注的公司

o 自主卡车的 SWOT 分析和比较

o IDTechEx 预测的时间表

o CMOS 分类、工作原理、操作流程、扫描类别和要求

o 热像仪 SWOT

o 高分辨率、低成本红外传感器的挑战

o 红外、近红外、短波红外的分类、工作原理、操作过程和要求

o 激光雷达的分类、工作原理、操作流程和要求

o 激光雷达 SWOT

o 毫米波雷达 SWOT

o 毫米波雷达关键部件、4D 毫米波雷达和成像毫米波雷达

o 2023-2044 年重型卡车单位销量

o 2018-2044 年自主卡车定价

o 2023-2044 年重型卡车收入

o 2023-2044 年自动驾驶卡车的里程和服务收入

o 2023-2044 年自动驾驶卡车动力系统

o 2021-2044 年自动驾驶卡车传感器

 

In recent years, the development of autonomous driving technology in the trucking industry has progressed rapidly, with numerous technology companies and truck manufacturers initiating commercial trials of autonomous heavy-duty trucks. Although full commercialization remains some distance away, the advancements in this technology offer substantial potential for addressing current industry pain points.

 

Today, the trucking industry faces critical challenges, including high operational costs, driver management issues, and safety concerns. According to the American Trucking Association (ATA), the U.S. trucking industry faced a shortfall of more than 100,000 drivers, a number that could increase to 160,000 by 2028. The industry needs to hire one million drivers over the next decade to bridge this gap, replace retiring drivers, and meet growing shipping demands. Attracting younger generations is particularly challenging as they are reluctant to spend extended periods away from home. The aging population in Asian countries like China is expected to exacerbate labor issues in the next decade. The driver shortage has significantly increased international freight transportation costs and operational expenses for trucking companies. Autonomous heavy-duty trucks offer a solution to these challenges. Autonomous driving systems can eliminate distractions and human errors, thereby improving safety. They also enable more efficient communication with other vehicles and devices, streamlining operations and enhancing overall efficiency.

 

IDTechEx has observed significant activity in the heavy-duty long-haul trucking sector, some companies, such as Inceptio, Deepway, and Einride, have advanced from the proof-of-concept stages to securing small-scale commercial opportunities. However, the fall of several industry giants, including TuSimple, Waymo, and Embark, underscores the significant challenges faced in the autonomous trucks sector. This highlights the volatile nature of the industry and the hurdles in transitioning from innovation to large-scale commercial viability. Autonomous trucks were once considered one of the most commercially valuable and rapidly monetizable products in the autonomous driving sector, with American and European companies playing pivotal roles in their early development. However, post-pandemic global freight fluctuations and the pace of autonomous driving regulation implementation have slowed commercialization. Leading companies such as Waymo and TuSimple have either exited the autonomous trucking market or scaled down their strategic focus.

 

As regulations for autonomous driving gradually take shape to drive commercialization, Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) will become a decisive factor in determining the penetration rate of autonomous truck systems. Due to the extensive operating hours of trucks, energy consumption and labor costs are major factors influencing the TCO of autonomous trucks. Although the industry claims that autonomous truck systems can reduce costs by over 15% and eliminate labor costs, IDTechEx has conducted practical calculations to determine the TCO for different levels of autonomous systems (L0, L2, L3, L4) across various markets. Additionally, IDTechEx has compared the TCO of internal combustion engine (ICE) platforms with electric platforms.

 

This report explains the reasons behind the development of the autonomous trucking industry, including policy support for autonomous vehicles and trucks in Asia, the U.S., and Europe, future policy forecasts, and the movements of over a dozen key players based on IDTechEx's proprietary research, which includes 20-year forecast data.

 

IDTechEx's in-depth research into the Chinese market highlights the value of China's autonomous truck sector and the capabilities of its startups such as Inceptio, Plus.ai, Pony.ai, TrunkTech. IDTechEx also examines different drivetrain configurations for autonomous trucks and proposes correlations between energy types and vehicle performance.

 

This report on Autonomous Trucks provides a detailed analysis of the players and activities within the sector. Current market is contextualized through historical data on sales back to 2019, with regional granularity across China, Europe, USA and RoW. Key challenges and opportunities are identified for the industry, with predictions regarding their commercial deployment and regional policies. The high-fidelity analysis of each market guides IDTechEx's 20-year forecasts.

 

With a forecast market value of US$120 billion predicted by 2044, this report informs and advises on this growing but competitive aspect of autonomous trucking.

 

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