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1. | Executive summary and conclusions |
1.1. | Smart cities must prioritise major threats |
1.2. | The move to cities and the growing need for independence |
1.3. | Factors accelerating city growth and independence |
1.4. | Killing the sea near cities |
1.5. | Cities drowning |
1.6. | Desertification |
1.7. | 15 primary conclusions |
1.8. | Examples of smart cities meeting many of the criteria 2022-2042 |
1.9. | Smart city solutions are subtly changing as projects come and go |
1.10. | Major materials and system opportunities in smart cities 2022-2042 |
1.11. | Primary materials and equipment markets created by major smart cities 2022-2042 |
1.12. | Some materials and systems transforming future zero-emission cities |
1.13. | Cognitive smart city |
1.14. | 6G Communications |
1.15. | Food and power systems merging and doing less damage |
1.16. | New smart city materials |
1.16.1. | 3D printed concrete - faster, better |
1.16.2. | Membranes for desalination, water recycling, electronics, batteries, fuel cells, architecture |
1.16.3. | Smart paint, structural and edit-able electronics for smart cities |
1.16.4. | Multi-mode roads, sidewalks, parking areas, airport runways |
1.17. | Winning types of new electric aircraft for cities |
1.18. | Scope for improving battery vehicle range / endurance land, water, air |
1.19. | Roadmaps and trends |
1.19.1. | Cement and concrete industry roadmap 2022-2042 |
1.19.2. | Roadmap for ZE off grid desalination 2022-2042 |
1.19.3. | 6G Communications roadmap 2022-2042 |
1.19.4. | Manned electric aircraft roadmap 2021-2041 |
1.19.5. | Robot shuttle technology and launch roadmap 2022-2042 |
1.20. | Sensor trends |
1.21. | Smart materials forecasts |
1.21.1. | Global cement market billion tons by five regions 2022-2042 |
1.21.2. | Smart glass (darkening, cooling metamaterial or photovoltaic electricity) $ million 2021-2041 |
1.21.3. | Solar ground surface cladding $ billion 2021-2041 |
1.21.4. | Cultured meat grown without animals $ million 2019-2030 |
1.21.5. | Vertically farmed produce global market $million 2019-2030 |
1.21.6. | Emerging photovoltaics 2042 |
1.21.7. | 6G reprogrammable intelligent surfaces area, price, market value 2022-2042 |
1.21.8. | RIS total operating area year end 2029-2041 billion square meters |
1.21.9. | 6G RIS value $/sq. meter to 2041 |
1.22. | Devices, vehicles, aircraft and systems forecasts |
1.22.1. | 6G smartphone sales forecast 2030-2042 |
1.22.2. | 5G and 6G communications impact 2022-2042 |
1.22.3. | Low power WAN connections 2018-2029 |
1.22.4. | Sensor market size: intersecting market segments 2032 |
1.22.5. | Self-treating autonomous toilets $ billion 2021-2041 |
1.22.6. | Robot shuttles number 2019-2041 |
1.22.7. | Robot shuttles market value $ million 2019-2041 |
1.22.8. | Fixed-wing conventional takeoff/ landing battery aircraft <20 passengers 2021-2041 number sold |
1.22.9. | eVTOL air taxi sales forecast units 2018-2041 |
1.22.10. | eVTOL air taxi market revenue forecast $ billion 2018-2041 |
2. | Smart cities appraisal: old, new and planned |
2.1. | City design of the future |
2.2. | The special case of China |
2.2.1. | Overview |
2.2.2. | Beijing |
2.2.3. | Net City Shenzhen |
2.2.4. | Ningpo Smart City |
2.2.5. | Xiong'an New Area |
2.2.6. | China BRI Project St Sofia Bulgaria |
2.3. | Babcock Ranch smart city in Florida USA |
2.4. | Belmont USA |
2.5. | Fujisawa Sustainable Smart Town |
2.6. | Dubai Sustainable City near Dubai |
2.7. | London as a smart city |
2.8. | New York as a smart city |
2.9. | NEOM The Line Saudi Arabia |
2.10. | Songdo South Korea |
2.11. | Telosa smart city USA |
2.12. | Tengah Singapore |
2.13. | Toyota Woven City Japan |
3. | Reinvented concrete and smart materials are key |
3.1. | Advanced concrete for smart cities |
3.1.1. | Introduction |
3.1.2. | Carbon dioxide emissions are being tackled |
3.1.3. | Concrete benefits |
3.1.4. | High performance cement and concrete HPC |
3.1.5. | Future cement and concrete feedstock and processing |
3.1.6. | 3D printed concrete - faster, better |
3.1.7. | 3D printing concrete from desert sand |
3.1.8. | Graphene concrete |
3.1.9. | Other new concrete capabilities creating new markets 2022-2042 |
3.1.10. | Replacing concrete |
3.1.11. | Concrete and cement production in or near smart cities |
3.1.12. | Quarries and processing sites leverage assets to sell surplus power storage and electricity |
3.1.13. | Site issues and solutions |
3.1.14. | Conclusions on cement and concrete for smart cities |
3.1.15. | Conclusions concerning Ultra High Performance Concrete 2022-2042 |
3.1.16. | Conclusions concerning radically new cement products and processes |
3.1.17. | Conclusions concerning process decarbonisation |
3.1.18. | World's largest cement producers and notable innovators |
3.2. | Smart materials and multifunctional structures for smart cities |
3.2.1. | Introduction |
3.2.2. | Multi-mode roads, sidewalks, parking areas, airport runways |
3.2.3. | Metamaterials |
3.2.4. | Next materials for city cooling |
3.2.5. | Radi-Cool USA metamaterial cooling film |
4. | Cognitive cities, hardware for 6G, IoT, sensors and privacy and security issues |
4.1. | Introduction |
4.2. | EAS, RFID, cameras |
4.3. | EnOcean smart node approach |
4.4. | Other advances in building and renewable energy controls |
4.5. | Cognitive smart city |
4.6. | ICT centric approaches can miss the big things |
4.7. | 6G Communications |
4.7.1. | Anatomy |
4.7.2. | Purpose |
4.7.3. | Envisaged applications and implications |
4.7.4. | Frequency, data rate, latency, ubiquity |
4.7.5. | Reality check |
4.7.6. | The case against 6G |
4.7.7. | Choices for 6G RIS metasurface functionality |
4.7.8. | Progress with standards |
4.8. | Internet of Things in smart cities |
4.9. | Sensors and sensor fusion in smart cities |
4.9.1. | Introduction |
4.9.2. | Global sensor market drivers for cities and leading players |
5. | Food independence for cities |
5.1. | Food problems |
5.1.1. | Growing population and growing demand for food |
5.1.2. | Major crop yields are plateauing using conventional approaches |
5.1.3. | Environmental concerns |
5.1.4. | Food wastage |
5.2. | Solving the problems and creating food independence |
5.3. | Solving the meat problem |
5.3.1. | Plant-based substitutes |
5.4. | Solving the milk problem: Turtle Tree Laboratories |
5.5. | Conventional farms get more efficient |
5.6. | Ultra precision agriculture |
5.6.1. | Variable-rate technology route |
5.6.2. | Upheaval |
5.7. | Vertical farms |
5.7.1. | Healthier, fresher and more productive |
5.7.2. | Limitations of today's vertical farms: variety, cost |
5.8. | City greenhouse technology advancing rapidly |
5.8.1. | World's biggest rooftop greenhouse in Montreal |
5.8.2. | Multifunctional photovoltaic glass for optimal plant growing |
5.9. | China: agricultural integrated into city life Shanghai |
5.10. | Robotics for smart city agriculture |
5.10.1. | RaaS or robotic equipment sales |
5.10.2. | Market and technology readiness by agricultural activity |
5.10.3. | Examples in action |
6. | Water independence |
6.1. | Overview and water from the air |
6.2. | Global map of regions of water stress and zero-emission energy sources |
6.3. | Desalination need, technology, materials, economics |
6.3.1. | Need and technology |
6.3.2. | Solar RO desalination winning in number of ZE plants |
6.3.3. | Economics |
6.4. | Large desalinators: big is beautiful but vulnerable |
6.4.1. | Global situation |
6.4.2. | Onerous requirements for large city desalination plants force rethink? |
6.5. | OffGridBox |
7. | VTOL air taxis, drones, smart shuttles, robotaxis, Boring Co tunnels, Hyperloop, other new transport |
7.1. | Air travel in cities |
7.1.1. | Introduction |
7.1.2. | Companies bringing autonomy land water and air to cities |
7.2. | Drones in cities |
7.2.1. | Serious drone dangers and tightening laws |
7.2.2. | Amazon |
7.3. | Passenger electric aircraft for cities VTOL, CTOL |
7.4. | eVTOL as urban mass mobility? |
7.5. | Robot shuttles have considerable potential |
7.5.1. | Overview |
7.5.2. | Electric efficiency compromises in cities |
7.5.3. | Robot shuttles: off-road , indoors and carrying delivery robots |
7.5.4. | The dream and the basics for getting there |
7.5.5. | Specification of a robot shuttle |
7.5.6. | Robotaxis compared to robot shuttles |
7.5.7. | Benefits and business cases |
7.5.8. | The leaders so far |
7.5.9. | Upfront cost and other impediments |
7.5.10. | Dramatic improvements are coming |
7.5.11. | Building on the multi-purposing of the past |
7.5.12. | Robot shuttles: the bad things |
7.6. | Water transport for smart cities |
7.7. | Tesla Boring Company fast vehicle tunnels under cities |
7.8. | Hyperloop between cities |
8. | Smart city electricity independence: zero-emission generation and storage |
8.1. | Introduction |
8.2. | City power needs and solutions |
8.2.1. | The energy positive house |
8.3. | Levelised Cost of Electricity generation LCOE comparisons |
8.4. | Zero-emission energy storage -delayed electricity |
8.4.1. | Levelised cost of energy storage comparison $/MWh |
8.4.2. | Latest energy storage options for cities |
8.4.3. | Where hydrogen might fit in |
8.5. | Modular, zero-emission diesel genset and grid replacement |
8.6. | Making electricity where you need it: photovoltaics |
8.6.1. | Mobile microgrids very important now |
8.6.2. | Photovoltaics everywhere - locations, technologies, economics |
8.6.3. | EV ARC solar-tracking car charger |
8.6.4. | Ground surface solar lessons of failure |
8.6.5. | Light duty ground solar succeeds: Solaroad, Platio, Solar Roadways |
8.6.6. | Gantry solar very successful alternative |
8.6.7. | Scara Brae hospital Scotland compared to Dharan Saudi Arabia |
8.7. | Wind power for smart cities |
8.7.1. | Overview |
8.7.2. | Ground turbine wind power does not downsize well: physics, poorer wind |
8.7.3. | Wind turbine choices |
8.8. | Wind with solar |
8.9. | Buildings and environs as zero-emission microgrids 2020-2040 |
8.10. | Wireless, self-powered building controls: EnOcean and 8Power |
8.11. | Active smart glass in buildings |
8.12. | Water power for smart cities |
8.12.1. | Introduction |
8.12.2. | Swansea UK: tidal with floating solar |
8.12.3. | Hydro power in a wider sense |
8.12.4. | Open tide "tide stream" power mimics wind power |
8.12.5. | Orbital Marine Power |
8.12.6. | Wello 600 kW units for Bali wave farm |
8.12.7. | Seabased wave power in operation 80kW each = 100MW order Ghana |
8.12.8. | Best locations globally for tidal and wave ocean power |
8.12.9. | Best sites for tidal power with little intermittency / energy storage need |
8.12.10. | Electricity from city water pipes: Lucid Power |
Slides | 336 |
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Forecasts to | 2042 |
ISBN | 9781913899783 |