1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Marine sectors |
1.2. | Overview |
1.3. | Do diesel-electrics count? |
1.4. | Overview of drivers |
1.5. | Drivers: fuel economy |
1.6. | Emissions reduction study |
1.7. | Why use a battery? |
1.8. | Fuel cost savings and ROI |
1.9. | Roadblocks to maritime electrification |
1.10. | Shipping emissions: the problem |
1.11. | NOx and SOx: a huge problem for the shipping sector |
1.12. | Emission control areas (ECA) |
1.13. | Emission control areas (ECA) before 2020 |
1.14. | Unprecedented global cap on Sulphur |
1.15. | Emissions Control World - Annex VI - Sulphur |
1.16. | What about CO2? |
1.17. | Regulatory Developments |
1.18. | Historic market growth and 2020 - 21 pipeline |
1.19. | Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Cruise, Ferry, Offshore Support, Tugboat, Deep-sea (Vessels) |
1.20. | Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Leisure Boats & Fishing (Vessels) |
1.21. | Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Leisure Boats, Fishing, Cruise, Ferry, Offshore Support, Tugboat, Deepsea (MWh) |
1.22. | Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Pure Electric v Hybrids (MWh) |
1.23. | Forecast 2021 - 2040 ($ billion) |
1.24. | Assumptions and analysis |
1.25. | Impact of coronavirus on forecasts |
1.26. | Maritime battery pack suppliers |
1.27. | Maritime battery maker market share (2019) |
1.28. | Corvus Energy: battery deployment by vessel type |
1.29. | Marine battery pack price forecast |
2. | MARITIME POLICY, REGULATIONS AND TARGETS |
2.1. | Introduction to marine emissions regulation |
2.2. | Emissions Regulation: Annex VI |
2.3. | SOx reductions more important than NOx |
2.4. | Annex VI - Sulphur |
2.5. | US seeks late change to sulphur-cap fuel rules |
2.6. | Annex VI - NOx |
2.7. | CO2 target for shipping |
2.8. | CO2 in shipping forecast |
2.9. | Timeline of regulatory developments |
2.10. | Local regulations: U.S. |
2.11. | Local regulations: Asia |
2.12. | Local regulations: Amsterdam zero emission canals |
2.13. | Bell Marine: Major Supplier to Amsterdam Canals! |
2.14. | Solutions to emissions targets |
2.14.1. | What cards do vessel operators have to play? |
2.14.2. | Slow-steaming: the first port of call |
2.14.3. | Scrubbers |
2.14.4. | More expensive fuels |
2.14.5. | Batteries and electrification |
3. | LEISURE BOATING |
3.1. | What is a leisure watercraft? |
3.2. | Leisure boating market |
3.3. | Overview of boating motor types |
3.4. | Powerful Outboards Undermining Inboards |
3.5. | Regional outboard sales |
3.6. | Outboard emissions |
3.7. | Outboard pollution: an increasing problem, ignored |
3.8. | Trolling motors |
3.9. | Electric propeller |
3.10. | Torqeedo motor range |
3.11. | Shaft power versus propulsive power |
3.12. | Torqeedo |
3.13. | Torqeedo: Moving Up to 100kW! |
3.14. | Torqeedo: Low Voltage Sales Dominate |
3.15. | Torqeedo storage systems |
3.16. | Torqeedo uses BMW i battery systems |
3.17. | Conventional outboard companies |
3.18. | Electric outboard price |
3.19. | Outboard-powered ferry |
3.20. | Oceanvolt |
3.21. | OceanVolt motors |
3.22. | Hull efficiency zones |
3.23. | Aquawatt |
3.24. | Selected examples |
3.24.1. | Aquawatt 550 Elliniko |
3.24.2. | Duffy - 16 Sport Cat Lake Series |
3.24.3. | Savannah - superyacht |
3.24.4. | 006 Yacht |
3.24.5. | Hybrid-electric Tag 60 yacht |
4. | COMMERCIAL (SHORT-SEA) |
4.1. | Navigating shipping terms |
4.2. | Industry Jargon |
4.3. | Electric and hybrid vessel configurations |
4.4. | Hybrid battery propulsion |
4.5. | Efficient hybrid battery propulsion |
4.6. | Battery propulsion |
4.7. | Low load is inefficient |
4.8. | Fuel efficiency calculation |
4.9. | Wartsila: hybrid engine profile |
4.10. | Offshore support vessels |
4.10.1. | Types of offshore support vessels |
4.10.2. | The uses of offshore support vessels |
4.10.3. | OSV: the global fleet |
4.10.4. | Offshore support vessel oversupply |
4.10.5. | Negative oil price? |
4.10.6. | The spike for hybrid OSVs |
4.11. | Tugboats |
4.11.1. | Tugboat definition and market size |
4.11.2. | Electric tugboat projects tracked by IDTechEx |
4.11.3. | Kotug and Corvus Energy |
4.11.4. | Tugboat operational profile |
4.11.5. | Ports of Auckland buy electric tug |
4.12. | Fishing |
4.12.1. | Global fishing fleet by region |
4.12.2. | Global fishing fleet by vessel length |
4.12.3. | Fishing in Europe |
4.12.4. | Fishing relies on subsidies |
4.12.5. | Leo Greentier Marines: electric fishing boats in Asia |
4.12.6. | Leo Greetier Marines |
4.12.7. | Cutting Norway's Emissions with Electric Fishing Boats |
4.13. | Ferries |
4.13.1. | Ferries, the addressable market |
4.13.2. | Electric and hybrid ferries: regional market share |
4.13.3. | Short routes |
4.13.4. | Ferries in Norway |
4.13.5. | Electric ferry forecast 2021 - 2040 - Norway, EU, RoW |
4.13.6. | Fuel economy for electric ferries |
4.13.7. | Scandlines |
4.13.8. | Scandlines timeline for electrification |
4.14. | Selected examples of e-ferry projects |
4.14.1. | Leclanché e-ferry |
4.14.2. | 50MWh Ferry? |
4.14.3. | Supercapacitor ferry |
4.14.4. | The Prius of the Sea - battery hybrid ferry |
4.14.5. | Ampere |
4.14.6. | Green City Ferries: Innovation on Swedish waterways |
4.14.7. | Ferry Conversion: M/S Prinsesse Benedikte |
4.14.8. | Energy Absolute |
4.14.9. | HH Ferries Group conversion |
4.14.10. | Scandlines battery price |
4.14.11. | Scandlines Hybrid Ferry Inverter |
5. | COMMERCIAL (DEEP-SEA) |
5.1. | Seaborne trade and the global economy |
5.2. | Global economy and demand for shipping |
5.3. | More expensive fuels |
5.4. | Shipbuilding is cycle |
5.5. | Deep-sea vessel fleet |
5.6. | Shipbuilding by country 2017 |
5.7. | Hyundai Heavy Industries |
5.8. | Hyundai Heavy partners with Magna E-Car |
5.9. | Ship pricing |
5.10. | Electric and hybrid trading vessels |
5.11. | Selected examples |
5.11.1. | First electric tanker - moving beyond ferries |
5.11.2. | First pure electric container ship |
5.11.3. | 6.7MWh pure electric barges? |
5.11.4. | Asahi Tanker: Japan's First Pure Electric Tanker |
6. | PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY |
6.1. | Which technologies are adopted? |
6.2. | Benchmarking electric traction motors |
6.3. | Motor efficiency comparison |
6.4. | Electric Propulsion: Danfoss Motor |
6.5. | Electric Propulsion: Vebrat |
6.6. | Diesel |
6.7. | Diesel-electric |
6.8. | Gas turbine |
6.9. | Water-jet propulsion |
6.10. | Gas fuel or tri-fuel propulsion |
6.11. | Steam turbine |
6.12. | Biofuel |
6.13. | Wind |
6.14. | Norsepower Rotor Sail Specification |
6.15. | Solar Propulsion |
7. | OVERVIEW OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES |
7.1. | Why are marine batteries different? |
7.2. | DNG.VL Type approval |
7.3. | Safety - pause for thought? |
7.4. | Thermal runaway |
7.5. | Battery types: lead-acid and leapfrogging NiMH |
7.6. | The Li-ion advantage |
7.7. | Comparison of specific energy and energy density of various battery systems |
7.8. | What is a Li-ion battery (LIB)? |
7.9. | A family tree of batteries - lithium-based |
7.10. | Standard cathode materials |
7.11. | Conventional versus advanced Li-ion? |
7.12. | Li-ion battery cathodes |
7.13. | Cathode alternatives - NCA |
7.14. | Li-ion battery cathode recap |
7.15. | LTO anode -- Toshiba |
7.16. | Battery cell geometries |
7.17. | Short-sea battery packaging technologies |
7.18. | Battery packaging technologies |
7.19. | Differences between cell, module, and pack |
7.20. | Strings |
7.21. | ESS in shipping containers |
7.22. | Cooling systems for LIB |
7.23. | Current challenges facing Li-ion batteries |
7.24. | Key marine battery suppliers |
7.25. | Maritime battery vendor market share (based on MWh) |
7.26. | Battery Chemistry Market Share |
7.27. | Marine battery pack price forecast |
7.28. | Corvus Energy: History |
7.29. | Corvus Energy (2019 Update) |
7.30. | Applications of Corvus' New ESS |
7.31. | The Head-start Advantage |
7.32. | Corvus Energy Orca ESS |
7.33. | Corvus Energy: battery deployment by vessel type |
7.34. | Second life marine batteries? |
7.35. | Spear Power Systems (SPS): Up and Coming! |
7.36. | Spear Power Systems |
7.37. | Spear Power Systems: Trident ESS |
7.38. | Spear Power Systems: choosing the right battery |
7.39. | Valence (LithiumWerks) |
7.40. | Valence Technology (LithiumWerks) |
7.41. | LithiumWerks: The Road to $400 per kWh |
7.42. | LithiumWerks' New Marine Stack |
7.43. | LithiumWerks |
7.44. | Bell Marine |
7.45. | Akasol |
7.46. | Leclanché |
7.47. | Leclanché: LTO Rack |
7.48. | Leclanché: NMC Rack |
7.49. | Xalt Energy - marine storage systems |
7.50. | Case study: XALT's ESS for a Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) |
7.51. | Saft: Seanergy |
7.52. | Saft projects in France |
7.53. | Prime Energy Systems: Diversifying into Marine |
7.54. | Anko |
7.55. | Phinergy: Aluminium Air Battery! |
7.56. | Phinergy: Reductions to the Cathode |
8. | SUPERCAPACITORS FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS |
8.1. | What is a supercapacitor? |
8.2. | Relative supercapacitor performance |
8.3. | Supercapacitors in shipboard power systems |
8.4. | DNG.VL Adding Supercaps to Class Rules |
8.5. | Peak Power USS Arleigh Burke |
8.6. | Supercapacitors for emergency start in boats |
8.7. | Fuel cells and supercapacitors in vessels |
8.8. | Supercapacitor replaces battery across fuel cell |
8.9. | Lithium-ion capacitor performance in context |
8.10. | World's first supercapacitor passenger vessel |
8.11. | Supercapacitor ferry |
9. | FUEL CELLS FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS |
9.1. | Types of fuel cell |
9.2. | Fuel Cell Propulsion |
9.3. | PEM Fuel Cell |
9.4. | Biogas or electrolysis? |
9.5. | Operational cost: battery, fuel cell and diesel engine |
9.6. | Echandia Marine: the fastest fuel cell ferry |
9.7. | Fuel cells for long range |
9.8. | Redrock power systems |
9.9. | Metacon: hydrogen from biogas |
9.10. | ABB: fuel cell systems for shipping |
9.11. | Fuel cell - battery hybrid? |
9.12. | ABB: Fuel Cells By 2030 |
9.13. | The SchIBZ - Ship integration of fuel cells |
9.14. | Application of the SchIBZ system |
9.15. | Hydrogenesis - the UK's first hydrogen fuelled ferry |
9.16. | Hydrogenesis |
9.17. | Fuel cells: a futuristic technology |
9.18. | Hydrogen future? |
9.19. | General Electric and Nedstack |
10. | SELECTED EXAMPLES OF AUTONOMOUS VESSELS |
10.1. | Autonomous marine vehicles |
10.2. | Ocean Phoenix 360 |
10.3. | Yara Birkeland - first autonomous and zero emissions ship |
11. | SELECTED EXAMPLES OF ENERGY HARVESTING VESSELS |
11.1. | Energy harvesting for boats and ships |
11.2. | Energy independent ship opportunity |
11.3. | OceanVolt motors |
11.4. | Turanor PlanetSolar |
11.5. | Multiple energy harvesting coming in 'Glider' AUV surfaces |
11.6. | Liquid Robotics U.S. |
12. | LIST OF 125 C&I ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VESSEL PROJECTS TRACKED BY IDTECHEX |
12.1. | Navigating the list |