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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Focus of this report |
1.2. | Purpose of this report |
1.3. | Sources and technologies of inland water power |
1.3.1. | Inland water power: sources, location potential |
1.3.2. | Overall small hydro potential for steady supply with little or no storage |
1.4. | Sources and technologies of marine (ocean) power |
1.4.1. | Marine power: sources, location potential |
1.4.2. | Where ocean power is both strongest and close to population |
1.4.3. | Location of strongest ocean power for replacing diesel gensets |
1.4.4. | Greatest ocean power for steady supply with little or no storage |
1.5. | Zero emission technology evolution: water power in context |
1.5.1. | Overview |
1.5.2. | Brief summary of water power technologies using water movement |
1.5.3. | Technology options wave and tide stream: popularity by projects examined |
1.5.4. | Ocean conversion technology winners and losers |
1.5.5. | Optimal power ranges for hydro and marine mini/ microgrid power sources |
1.5.6. | Small inland hydro <10MW SOFT report |
1.5.7. | Wave power <10MW SOFT report |
1.5.8. | Tidal power <10MW SOFT report |
1.6. | Addressable markets and strategy options |
1.6.1. | Three strategies for new water power: very different LCOE targets needed |
1.6.2. | Inland hydro the only past water success, wave now takes big orders, tidal later |
1.6.3. | Global primary energy consumption TWh |
1.6.4. | Aquaculture market 2018-2030 |
1.6.5. | Desalination market 2018-2028 |
1.6.6. | Diesel genset market 2018-2028 |
1.7. | Market forecasts for inland hydro and ocean powered generators <10MW 2028-2038 |
1.7.1. | Historical market value tidal vs wave and forecasts by others |
1.7.2. | Where we are headed: Hydro, marine <10MW market $Bn 2028, 2038 |
1.7.3. | Expect many new applications: Example - Sea Bubble water taxi charging |
1.7.4. | Market forecast inland hydro <10MW, number, unit price, market value $Bn 2018-2028 |
1.7.5. | Market value forecast tidal vs wave <10MW globally $Bn 2018-2028 |
1.7.6. | Wave generators <10MW globally number, unit value, market value 2018-2028 |
1.7.7. | Tidal <10MW globally number, unit value, market value 2018-2028 |
1.8. | Hype curve for water power |
1.9. | Off grid takes over: installed ZE electricity capacity worldwide 2018, 2028, 2040, 2050 kTWh/yr |
1.10. | Ozymandias syndrome |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Electricity needs |
2.1.1. | Background to <10MW water power |
2.1.2. | On grid to off grid |
2.1.3. | Reasons for grid electricity having less appeal now |
2.1.4. | Cities, islands, airports becoming self-powered zero-emission |
2.1.5. | The market drivers <10MW vary with power level |
2.1.6. | Small harvesters usually integrated: Wavelight, Enstream |
2.1.7. | Market need for large water power is as separate generators: Tocardo, MeyGen |
2.2. | Tidal and wave power beats some conventional power on costs and benefits |
2.3. | Why alternatives usually win even on and by water at <10MW |
2.4. | IRENA REMap scenario for 2030 and IEEE 2050 scenario |
2.5. | Solar will beat large hydropower in grid share |
2.6. | System issues |
2.6.1. | Off-grid zero emission system categories |
2.6.2. | Power electronics architecture |
2.6.3. | Bridging technologies to zero emission |
2.7. | Time of installation |
2.8. | Top drowning cities |
2.9. | Top drinking water stressed cities |
2.10. | Next generation materials |
3. | TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE OF WATER SOURCE |
3.1. | Inland water power - three sourcing options compared |
3.2. | Hydro power by region 1980-2030 |
3.3. | River power mini/ microgrid |
3.4. | Marine power from sea movement: tide and other forms of current compared |
3.4.1. | Marine vessels: reversing propellers and added water turbines |
3.4.2. | Watt&Sea yacht generators |
3.4.3. | Paracus Yachts electricity for later use provided from sailing |
3.5. | Energy independent ship opportunity: 3MW |
3.6. | Marine power from sea movement: waves |
3.7. | Marine power from sea temperature difference |
3.7.1. | Basic principles appraised |
3.7.2. | OTEC systems and sites |
3.7.3. | Lockheed Martin, MMT, Reach Subsea |
4. | WATER TURBINE AND WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER WEC DESIGN |
4.1. | Subject of this chapter |
4.2. | The big picture |
4.3. | Turbine design introduction |
4.3.1. | Choice of open water turbines |
4.3.2. | Three bladed horizontal axis turbines the winner for open water |
4.3.3. | Helical (spiral) water turbines |
4.3.4. | LucidEnergy helical water turbine in city water supply |
4.4. | Constrained turbine designs compared |
4.4.1. | Hydro turbine options by action, flow and head of water |
4.4.2. | Options and performance compared |
4.4.3. | Zotlöterer gravitational vortex turbine |
4.4.4. | Vortex rolling fluid turbine |
4.5. | Wave Energy Converter WEC design |
4.5.1. | Practicable operating principles by location |
5. | TURBINE ELIMINATION |
5.1. | Overview |
5.2. | Dielectric Eleastomer Generator DEG |
5.2.1. | SBM Offshore UK, Monaco |
5.2.2. | Universities: Delft, Edinburgh, Bristol, PolyWEC Spain |
5.3. | Magnetostriction: Oscilla Power USA |
5.4. | Triboelectric nanogenerators TENG: 1MW wave power? |
6. | COMPANY PROFILES AND ASSESSMENT: TIDAL AND OPEN RIVER POWER |
6.1. | Tidal and open river generator families |
6.2. | How the industry now sees its potential |
6.3. | More strategy options now |
6.4. | Tidal power projects: 10 run of tide examples |
6.4.1. | Atlantis Resources MeyGen UK |
6.4.2. | Blue Tidal Energy UK |
6.4.3. | Cape Sharp Tidal Canada |
6.4.4. | East Coast Oil and Gas EC-OG UK |
6.4.5. | GEPS Techno |
6.4.6. | GKinetic Energy Ireland |
6.4.7. | Magellanes Renovables Spain |
6.4.8. | Minesto Sweden |
6.4.9. | Nova Innovation UK |
6.4.10. | NYK Japan |
6.4.11. | Orbital Marine Power (ex Scotrenewables) |
6.4.12. | REAC Energy Germany |
6.4.13. | Sustainable Marine Energy UK |
6.4.14. | Tocardo BV Netherlands |
6.4.15. | Verdant Power USA |
7. | WAVE POWER PROJECTS AND ASSESSMENT |
7.1. | Wave power projects compared: 18 examples by increasing power 1W-1.25 MW |
7.2. | Wave power projects 17 profiles with comments |
7.2.1. | Albatern UK |
7.2.2. | AWS Ocean Advanced Archimedes Waveswing UK |
7.2.3. | Blackfish Mocean UK |
7.2.4. | Carnegie Australia |
7.2.5. | Checkmate Seaenergy UK Anaconda |
7.2.6. | Corpower Ocean Sweden |
7.2.7. | Eco Wave Power Israel |
7.2.8. | Laminaria Belgium |
7.2.9. | Marine Power Systems UK |
7.2.10. | Ocean Power Technologies USA |
7.2.11. | Okinawa IST wave turbines |
7.2.12. | Resen Waves Denmark |
7.2.13. | Seabased Sweden |
7.2.14. | Smalle Spain |
7.2.15. | Voith Siemens Hydro/ Ente Vasco de la Energía (EVE) Spain |
7.2.16. | Waves4Power Sweden |
7.2.17. | Wello Sweden |
7.2.18. | Witt Energy UK |
Slides | 257 |
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Forecasts to | 2038 |