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Energy Harvesting and Storage for Electronic Devices 2012-2022: Forecasts, Technologies, Players
Updated in October 2012
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In 2012, IDTechEx research finds that the amount of money spent on energy harvesters will be more than $0.7Bn, with several hundred developers involved throughout the value chain. Energy harvesting is the process by which ambient energy is captured and converted into electricity for small autonomous devices, such as satellites, laptops and nodes in sensor networks making them self-sufficient. Although energy harvesting applications reach from vehicles to the smart grid, the majority of the value this year is in consumer electronic applications, where energy harvesters have been used for some time.
Energy harvesting, otherwise known as power harvesting or energy scavenging includes photovoltaics, thermovoltaics, piezoelectrics and electrodynamics, among other options, which are now being used in a wide variety of applications. The technology has reached a tipping point, because the necessary lower power electronics and more efficient energy gathering and storage are now sufficiently affordable, reliable and longer lived for a huge number of applications to be practicable.
Global market total value millions of dollars*
*For the full forecast data please purchase this report
Source: IDTechEx
From wind-up laptops for Africa, wireless light switches working from the power of your finger and wireless sensors in oil fields monitoring equipment power by vibration - these are all in use now with many more applications emerging.
Market Segments using Energy Harvesting
This report covers the following market segments with detailed ten year forecasts of each:
- Wristwatches
- Bicycle dynamo
- Laptops, e-books
- Mobile phones
- Other portable consumer electronics - Calculators, toys, piezo gas lighters, electronic car keys, electronic apparel etc
- Wireless sensor mesh networks
- Other Industrial -Mainly buildings, machinery, engines, non-meshed wireless sensors and actuators
- Military and aerospace excluding WSN
- Healthcare - Implants, disposable testers and drug delivery etc
- Other - Research, animals, farming etc
Consumer market total value by sector*
*For the full forecast data please purchase this report
Source: IDTechEx
Energy harvesting by technology type
This year, most of the harvesters used in the above market segments are solar cells followed by electrodynamos, two relatively mature energy harvesting technologies. However, many new technologies are now taking some market share enabling power in areas not possible before. This includes thermoelectrics - generating power from heat - where organisations such as the Department of Energy in the US are working with BMW and GM to turn heat waste from engines and exhaust into power for the vehicle's electrical systems. NASA use thermoelectrics to power Mars rovers where they work without light, unlike solar cells. Piezoelectric energy harvesters are also of great interest due to their small form factor and high efficiency. In 2022, these four energy harvester types will have near similar market share for industrial sensing applications. However, even by then solar will continue to dominate for consumer applications.
For the first time, this unique report looks at the global situation. It covers the progress of more than 350 organizations in 22 countries and gives detailed case studies. Market forecasts are provided for everything from self-sufficient wristwatches to mobile phones that will never need a charger and light switches and controls that have no wiring and no batteries when fitted in buildings to wireless sensors power from the environment they are placed in.
However, there are further mountains to climb in order to achieve self-powered wireless sensors monitoring forest fires, pollution spillages and even inside the human body and in the concrete of buildings. These applications will become commonplace one day. Even devices with maintenance-free life of hundreds of years can now be envisaged. Meanwhile, bionic man containing maintenance free, self-powered devices for his lifetime is an objective for the next few years. IDTechEx find that the total market for energy harvesting devices, including everything from wristwatches to wireless sensors will rise to over $5 billion in 2022.
How do these things work? Which technologies have the most potential now and in the future? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Which countries have the most active programs and why? What are the leading universities, developers, manufacturers and other players up to? What alliances exist? What are the timelines for success? All these questions and more are answered in this report.
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | Market forecast 2012-2022, 2032 |
| 1.1. | Global market for energy harvesting 2012-2022 |
| 1.1. | Global market number million |
| 1.2. | Global market unit value dollars |
| 1.2. | Consumer market for energy harvesting 2012-2022 |
| 1.3. | Industrial, healthcare and other non- consumer markets for energy harvesting 2012-2022 |
| 1.3. | Global market total value millions of dollars |
| 1.4. | Consumer market number million |
| 1.4. | Wristwatches |
| 1.5. | Bicycle dynamo |
| 1.5. | Consumer market unit value dollars |
| 1.6. | Consumer market total value millions of dollars |
| 1.6. | Laptops and e-books |
| 1.7. | Mobile phones |
| 1.7. | Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets number million |
| 1.8. | Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets unit value dollars |
| 1.8. | Wireless sensor mesh networks |
| 1.9. | Other Industrial^ |
| 1.9. | Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets total value millions of dollars |
| 1.10. | Other portable consumer electronics~ |
| 1.10. | Military and aerospace+ excluding WSN |
| 1.11. | Healthcare# |
| 1.11. | Consumer market number by sector |
| 1.12. | Consumer market total value by sector |
| 1.12. | Other+ |
| 1.13. | Consumer vs other market value by technology 2022 |
| 1.13. | Consumer market value by technology 2022 |
| 1.14. | Non-consumer market value by technology 2022 |
| 1.14. | Consumer market value in $ million by application and technology 2022 |
| 1.15. | Non-consumer market in $ million by application and technology in 2022 |
| 1.15. | Total market value by technology 2022 |
| 1.16. | Konarka vision of ubiquitous energy harvesting |
| 1.16. | Examples of the primary motivation to use energy harvesting by type of device |
| 1.17. | Microsensor power budget |
| 1.17. | Power requirements of small electronic products including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and GSM mobile phones and the types of battery employed |
| 1.18. | Comparison of the power density ranges of different energy technologies |
| 1.18. | Power density provided by different forms of energy harvesting |
| 1.19. | Some highlights of global effort on energy harvesting |
| 1.19. | The performance of the favourite energy harvesting technologies. Technologies with no moving parts are shown in red. |
| 1.20. | Profiled energy harvesting organisations by continent |
| 1.20. | Some types of energy to harvest with examples of harvesting technology, applications, developers and suppliers |
| 1.21. | Percentage of presentations and programs by energy harvesting technology showing increasing emphasis on piezoelectric motion harvesting 2008-2009 |
| 1.21. | Profiled organisations active in energy harvesting by country, numbers rounded |
| 1.22. | Rapid progress in the capabilities of small electronic devices and their photovoltaic energy harvesting contrasted with poor progress in improving the batteries they employ |
| 1.22. | Efficiency and potential technology options |
| 1.23. | Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting |
| 1.23. | Number of cases by type of harvesting as identified in IDTechEx survey of 200 participants |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | What is energy harvesting? |
| 2.1. | Energy harvesting compared with alternatives |
| 2.1. | Power requirements of small electronic products including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the types of battery employed |
| 2.2. | Ten year improvement in electronics, photovoltaics and batteries |
| 2.2. | What it is not |
| 2.3. | Energy harvesting compared with alternatives |
| 2.4. | Power requirements of different devices |
| 2.5. | Harvesting options to meet these requirements |
| 2.6. | Battery advances fail to keep up - implications |
| 2.7. | Some key enablers for the future - printed electronics, smart substrates, MEMS |
| 2.7.1. | Printed and thin film |
| 2.7.2. | Smart substrates |
| 2.7.3. | MEMS |
| 3. | APPLICATIONS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS |
| 3.1. | Aerospace and military |
| 3.1. | Temperature monitoring on high speed trains |
| 3.2. | Huge number of potential WSN applications in the SNCF system |
| 3.2. | Industrial |
| 3.2.1. | Standards - EnOcean Alliance vs ZigBee |
| 3.2.2. | Real Time Locating Systems |
| 3.2.3. | Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) |
| 3.2.4. | Aircraft, engines, automotive and machinery |
| 3.3. | Consumer |
| 3.3. | Evolution of a few of the feasible features for e-labels and e-packaging |
| 3.3.1. | Mobile phones, wristwatches, radio, lamps etc |
| 3.3.2. | E-Labels, E-Packaging, E-signage, E-posters |
| 3.3.3. | Textiles |
| 3.4. | Healthcare |
| 3.5. | Third World |
| 3.6. | Environmental |
| 4. | HARVESTING-TOLERANT ELECTRONICS, DIRECT USE OF POWER, STORAGE OPTIONS |
| 4.1. | Harvesting tolerant electronics and direct use of power |
| 4.1. | Battery assisted passive RFID label recording time-temperature profile of food, blood etc in transit |
| 4.1.1. | Progress with harvesting tolerant electronics |
| 4.2. | New battery options |
| 4.2. | Smart Dust WSN node concept with thick film battery and solar cells |
| 4.2.1. | Smart Dust |
| 4.2.2. | Lithium laminar batteries |
| 4.2.3. | Planar Energy Devices |
| 4.2.4. | Cymbet Corporation - integrated battery management |
| 4.2.5. | Infinite Power Solutions |
| 4.2.6. | Transparent printed organic batteries |
| 4.2.7. | Biobatteries do their own harvesting |
| 4.2.8. | Battery that incorporates energy harvesting - FlexEl |
| 4.2.9. | Technion Israel Institute of Science |
| 4.2.10. | Need for shape standards for laminar batteries |
| 4.3. | Alternatives to batteries |
| 4.3. | New Planar Energy Devices high capacity laminar battery |
| 4.3.1. | Supercapacitors |
| 4.3.2. | Supercapacitors and Supercabatteries |
| 4.3.3. | Supercabatteries |
| 4.3.4. | Mini fuel cells |
| 4.4. | World's first thin-film battery with integrated battery management |
| 4.5. | THINERGY MEC200 series micro-energy cells |
| 4.6. | Flexible battery that charges in one minute |
| 4.7. | Comparison of an electrostatic capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor and an EDLC |
| 4.8. | Comparison of an EDLC with an asymmetric supercapacitor sometimes painfully called a bacitor or supercabattery |
| 5. | LIGHT HARVESTING FOR SMALL DEVICES |
| 5.1. | Comparison of options |
| 5.1. | Comparison of pn junction and electrophotochemical photovoltaics. |
| 5.1. | NREL adjudication of efficiencies under standard conditions |
| 5.1.1. | Important parameters |
| 5.1.2. | Principles of operation |
| 5.1.3. | Options for the future |
| 5.1.4. | Many types of photovoltaics needed for harvesting |
| 5.2. | Limits of cSi and aSi technologies |
| 5.2. | The main options for photovoltaics beyond conventional silicon compared |
| 5.2. | International Space Station |
| 5.3. | Number of organisations developing printed and potentially printed electronics worldwide |
| 5.3. | CdTe cost advantage |
| 5.3. | Limits of CdTe |
| 5.4. | GaAsGe multilayers |
| 5.4. | Efficiency of laminar organic photovoltaics and DSSC |
| 5.4. | Some candidates for the different photovoltaic requirements |
| 5.5. | Spectrolab roadmap for multilayer cells |
| 5.5. | DSSC |
| 5.6. | CIGS |
| 5.6. | DSSC design principle |
| 5.7. | HRTEM plane view BF image of germanium quantum dots in titania matrix |
| 5.7. | Organic |
| 5.8. | Nanosilicon ink |
| 5.8. | The CIGS flexible photovoltaics of Odersun AG of Germany is used for energy harvesting to mobile phones on the bag of Bagjack of Germany |
| 5.9. | CIGS construction |
| 5.9. | Nantennas |
| 5.10. | Other options |
| 5.10. | The CIGS panels from Global Solar Energy |
| 5.10.1. | Nanowire solar cells |
| 5.11. | Wide web organic photovoltaic production line of Konarka announced late 2008 |
| 5.12. | Operating principle of a popular form of organic photovoltaics |
| 5.13. | Module stack for photovoltaics |
| 5.14. | INL nantennas on film |
| 5.15. | Nanowire solar cells left by Canadian researchers and right by Konarka in the USA |
| 6. | MOVEMENT HARVESTING |
| 6.1. | Vibration harvesting |
| 6.1. | Power paving |
| 6.2. | Microscope image shows the fibers that are part of the microfiber nanogenerator. The top one is coated with gold |
| 6.2. | Movement harvesting options |
| 6.2.1. | Piezoelectric - conventional, ZnO and polymer |
| 6.2.2. | Electrostatic |
| 6.2.3. | Magnetostrictive |
| 6.2.4. | Energy harvesting electronics |
| 6.3. | Electroactive polymers |
| 6.3. | Schematic shows how pairs of fibers would generate electrical current. |
| 6.4. | Piezo eel |
| 6.4. | MEMS |
| 6.5. | Electrodynamic |
| 6.5. | Capacitive biomimetic energy harvesting |
| 6.5.1. | Generation of electricity |
| 6.5.2. | Harvesting from the human heart |
| 6.5.3. | Bridge monitoring |
| 6.5.4. | Wind up foetal heart rate monitor |
| 6.6. | Midé energy harvesting electronics |
| 6.7. | Artificial Muscle business plan |
| 6.8. | Artificial Muscle's actuator |
| 6.9. | MEMS by a dust mite that is less than one millimeter across |
| 6.10. | Examples of electrodynamic harvesting |
| 6.11. | Heart harvester |
| 7. | HEAT HARVESTING |
| 7.1. | The thermoelectric materials with highest figure of merit |
| 7.1. | Thermoelectrics |
| 7.1.1. | Thermoelectric construction |
| 7.1.2. | Advantages of thermoelectrics |
| 7.1.3. | Automotive Thermoelectric Generation (ATEG) |
| 7.1.4. | Heat pumps |
| 7.2. | Operating principle of the Seiko Thermic wristwatch |
| 7.3. | The thermoelectric device in the Seiko Thermic watch with 104 elements each measuring 80X80X600 micrometers |
| 8. | OTHER HARVESTING OPTIONS |
| 8.1. | Electromagnetic field harnessing |
| 8.2. | Microbial and other fuel cells |
| 8.3. | Multiple energy harvesting |
| 9. | PROFILES OF PARTICIPANTS IN 22 COUNTRIES |
| 9.1. | Profiled organisations by continent |
| 9.2. | Profiled organisations by country |
| 9.2. | Advanced Cerametrics |
| 9.3. | Agency for Defense Development |
| 9.3. | Number in sample by intended sector of end use |
| 9.4. | Number of cases by type of harvesting |
| 9.4. | AIST Tsukuba |
| 9.5. | Alabama A.&M. University |
| 9.5. | Transparent photovoltaic film |
| 9.6. | Arveni piezoelectric batteryless remote control |
| 9.6. | Alps Electric |
| 9.7. | Ambient Research |
| 9.7. | CNSA moon orbiting satellite with solar cells |
| 9.8. | Solar powered ESA satellites |
| 9.8. | AmbioSystems LLC |
| 9.9. | Applied Digital Solutions |
| 9.9. | Electrical lanterns, torches etc charged by hand cranking |
| 9.10. | Freeplay wind up radio in Africa |
| 9.10. | Argonne National Laboratory |
| 9.11. | Arizona State University |
| 9.11. | Solar sail |
| 9.12. | Light in Africa |
| 9.12. | Arveni |
| 9.13. | Australian National University - Department of Engineering |
| 9.13. | Hi-Tech Wealth's S116 clamshell solar phone |
| 9.14. | Nantennas |
| 9.14. | Avago Technologies General |
| 9.15. | BAE Systems |
| 9.15. | Bulk nantennas |
| 9.16. | Human sensor networks |
| 9.16. | Boeing |
| 9.17. | California Institute of Technology |
| 9.17. | ISRO moon satellite |
| 9.18. | JAXA moon project |
| 9.18. | California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| 9.19. | California State University - Northridge |
| 9.19. | "Ibuki" GOSAT greenhouse gas monitoring satellite |
| 9.20. | KCF Harvesting Sensor Demonstration Pack |
| 9.20. | Cambrian Innovation (formerly IntAct) |
| 9.21. | Carnegie Mellon University |
| 9.21. | Flux density of a microgenerator |
| 9.22. | 3D drawing of the Pedal Light |
| 9.22. | CEA (Atomic Energy Commission of France) |
| 9.23. | Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| 9.23. | WSN deployment |
| 9.24. | Micropelt thermoelectric harvester in action |
| 9.24. | Chungbuk National University |
| 9.25. | Citizen Holding Co Ltd |
| 9.25. | Microsemi's ISM RF I |
| 9.26. | Z-Star WSN Evaluation Kit Using ZL70250 |
| 9.26. | China National Space Administration |
| 9.27. | Clarkson University |
| 9.27. | Wireless ECG sensor node |
| 9.28. | ULP Wireless Accelerometer Reference Design |
| 9.28. | Cymtox Ltd |
| 9.29. | Drexel University |
| 9.29. | ISM band radio in energy harvesting application |
| 9.30. | Helicopter vibration harvester |
| 9.30. | East Japan Railway Company |
| 9.31. | EDF R&D |
| 9.31. | Bell model 412 helicopter |
| 9.32. | Solar-powered wireless G-Link seismic sensor on the Corinth Bridge in Greece. |
| 9.32. | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) |
| 9.33. | Ember Corporation |
| 9.33. | Multiple solar-powered nodes monitor strain and vibration at key locations on the Goldstar Bridge over the Thames River in New London, Conn |
| 9.34. | MicroStrain Wireless sensor and data acquisition system |
| 9.34. | Encrea srl |
| 9.35. | European Space Agency |
| 9.35. | Volture vibration harvester |
| 9.36. | Another version of Volture |
| 9.36. | Exergen |
| 9.37. | Fast Trak Ltd |
| 9.37. | International Space Station |
| 9.38. | Solar panels for the Hubble telescope |
| 9.38. | Fatih University |
| 9.39. | Ferro Solutions, Inc. |
| 9.39. | Schematic representations of a PN-couple used as TEC (left) based on the Peltier effect or TEG (right) based on the Seebeck effect. |
| 9.40. | Nextreme thermoelectric generator |
| 9.40. | Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen |
| 9.41. | Freeplay Foundation |
| 9.41. | eTEC Module and Die |
| 9.42. | Morph concept |
| 9.42. | G24 Innovations |
| 9.43. | Ganssle Group |
| 9.43. | Flexible & Changing Design |
| 9.44. | Concept device based on reduce, reuse recycle envisages many forms of energy harvesting |
| 9.44. | Gas Sensing Solution Ltd |
| 9.45. | General Electric Company |
| 9.45. | Carrying strap provides power to the sensor unit |
| 9.46. | An optical image of an electronic device in a complex deformation mode |
| 9.46. | Georgia Institute of Technology |
| 9.47. | GreenPeak Technologies |
| 9.47. | NTT DOCOMO concept phone with energy harvesting |
| 9.48. | Pavegen Systems Limited is looking for ways to tap into the energy of moving crowds |
| 9.48. | Harvard University |
| 9.49. | High Merit Thermoelectrics |
| 9.49. | Heart energy harvesting |
| 9.50. | Perpetuum vibration harvester |
| 9.50. | Hi-Tech Wealth |
| 9.51. | Holst Centre |
| 9.51. | PowerFilm literature |
| 9.52. | PulseSwitch Systems makes piezoelectric wireless switches that do not need a battery |
| 9.52. | Honeywell |
| 9.53. | Idaho National Laboratory |
| 9.53. | Seiko Thermic wristwatch |
| 9.54. | Knee-Mounted Device Generates Electricity While You Walk |
| 9.54. | IMEC |
| 9.55. | Imperial College |
| 9.55. | SolarPrint Beta Power management solution |
| 9.56. | Power output vs. Lux Level for a-Si andDSSC |
| 9.56. | India Space Research Organisation |
| 9.57. | Intel |
| 9.57. | Light Levels in a typical office. |
| 9.58. | Tissot Autoquartz |
| 9.58. | ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute) |
| 9.59. | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
| 9.59. | Heart harvester developed at Southampton University Hospital |
| 9.60. | Compromise between power density and energy density |
| 9.60. | Kanazawa University |
| 9.61. | KCF Technologies Inc |
| 9.61. | Thin film batteries with supercapacitors were efficient for energy storage |
| 9.62. | Two other battery formats |
| 9.62. | Kinergi Pty Ltd |
| 9.63. | Kinetron BV |
| 9.63. | Syngenta sensor |
| 9.64. | Trophos BES Power Management & Application Architecture |
| 9.64. | Kobe University |
| 9.65. | Konarka |
| 9.65. | Transmitter left and implanted receiver right for inductively powered implantable dropped foot stimulator for stroke victims |
| 9.66. | PicoBeacon, the first fully self-contained wireless transmitter powered solely by solar energy |
| 9.66. | Kookmin University, |
| 9.67. | Korea Electronics Company |
| 9.67. | Surveillance bat |
| 9.68. | Sensor head on COM-BAT |
| 9.68. | Korea Institute of Science and Technology |
| 9.69. | Korea University |
| 9.69. | A solar bag that is powerful enough to charge a laptop |
| 9.70. | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
| 9.71. | Lear Corporation |
| 9.72. | Lebônê Solutions |
| 9.73. | Leviton |
| 9.74. | Lockheed Martin Corporation |
| 9.75. | LV Sensors, Inc. |
| 9.76. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| 9.77. | MEMSCAP SA |
| 9.78. | Michigan Technological University |
| 9.79. | Microdul AG |
| 9.80. | Micropelt GmbH |
| 9.81. | Microsemi |
| 9.82. | MicroStrain Inc. |
| 9.83. | Midé Technology Corporation |
| 9.84. | MINIWIZ Sustainable Energy Dev. Ltd |
| 9.85. | Mitsubishi Corporation |
| 9.86. | Nanosonic Inc |
| 9.87. | NASA |
| 9.88. | National Physical Laboratory |
| 9.89. | National Semiconductor |
| 9.90. | National Taiwan University, |
| 9.91. | National Tsing Hua University |
| 9.92. | Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd |
| 9.93. | Newcastle University |
| 9.94. | Nextreme |
| 9.95. | Nokia Cambridge UK Research Centre |
| 9.96. | North Carolina State University |
| 9.97. | Northrop Grumman |
| 9.98. | Northeastern University |
| 9.99. | Northwestern University |
| 9.100. | Nova Mems |
| 9.101. | NTT DOCOMO |
| 9.102. | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
| 9.103. | Ohio State University |
| 9.104. | Omron Corporation |
| 9.105. | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| 9.106. | Pavegen |
| 9.107. | Pennsylvania State University |
| 9.108. | Perpetua |
| 9.109. | Perpetuum Ltd |
| 9.110. | Polatis Photonics |
| 9.111. | POWERLeap |
| 9.112. | PowerFilm, Inc. |
| 9.113. | PulseSwitch Systems |
| 9.114. | Purdue University |
| 9.115. | Rockwell Automation |
| 9.116. | Rockwell Scientific |
| 9.117. | Rosemount, Inc. |
| 9.118. | Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, |
| 9.119. | Sagentia |
| 9.120. | Sandia National Laboratory |
| 9.121. | Satellite Services Ltd |
| 9.122. | Siemens Power Generation |
| 9.123. | Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna |
| 9.124. | Seiko |
| 9.125. | SELEX Galileo |
| 9.126. | Sentilla Corporation |
| 9.127. | Shanghai Jiao Tong University |
| 9.128. | Simon Fraser University |
| 9.129. | Smart Material Corp. |
| 9.130. | SMH |
| 9.131. | Solarprint |
| 9.132. | Solid State Research inc |
| 9.133. | Sony |
| 9.134. | Southampton University Hospital |
| 9.135. | SPAWAR |
| 9.136. | Spectrolab Inc |
| 9.137. | State University of New Jersey |
| 9.138. | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology |
| 9.139. | Syngenta Sensors UIC |
| 9.140. | Technical University of Ilmenau |
| 9.141. | Thermolife Energy Corporation |
| 9.142. | The Technology Partnership |
| 9.143. | TIMA Laboratory |
| 9.144. | Tokyo Institute of Technology |
| 9.145. | Trophos Energy |
| 9.146. | TRW Conekt |
| 9.147. | Tyndall National Institute |
| 9.148. | University of Berlin |
| 9.149. | University of Bristol |
| 9.150. | University of California Berkeley |
| 9.151. | University of California Los Angeles |
| 9.152. | University of Edinburgh |
| 9.153. | University of Florida |
| 9.154. | University of Freiburg - IMTEK |
| 9.155. | University of Idaho |
| 9.156. | University of Michigan |
| 9.157. | University of Neuchatel |
| 9.158. | University of Oxford |
| 9.159. | University of Pittsburgh |
| 9.160. | University of Princeton |
| 9.161. | University of Sheffield |
| 9.162. | University of Southampton |
| 9.163. | University of Tokyo |
| 9.164. | Uppsala University |
| 9.165. | US Army Research Laboratory |
| 9.166. | Virginia Tech |
| 9.167. | Voltaic Systems Inc |
| 9.168. | Washington State University |
| 9.169. | Wireless Industrial Technologies |
| 9.170. | Yale University, |
| 9.171. | Yonsei University, |
| 9.172. | ZMD AG |
| 10. | THE ENOCEAN ALLIANCE |
| 10.1. | Self-powered Wireless Sensor Technology from EnOcean |
| 10.1. | Promoters |
| 10.1.1. | BSC Computer GmbH - Germany |
| 10.1.2. | EnOcean -Germany |
| 10.1.3. | Leviton - United States |
| 10.1.4. | Masco - United States |
| 10.1.5. | MK Electric (a Honeywell Business) - United Kingdom |
| 10.1.6. | Omnio - Switzerland |
| 10.1.7. | OPUS greenNet - Germany |
| 10.1.8. | Texas Instruments - United States |
| 10.1.9. | Thermokon Sensortechnik - Germany |
| 10.2. | Participants |
| 10.2. | Solar powered wireless sensor node |
| 10.2.1. | ACTE .PL |
| 10.2.2. | Ad Hoc Electronics - United States |
| 10.2.3. | Atlas Group |
| 10.2.4. | b.a.b technologie GmbH - Germany |
| 10.2.5. | Beckhoff - Germany |
| 10.2.6. | bk-electronic GmbH |
| 10.2.7. | BootUp GmbH - Switzerland |
| 10.2.8. | BSC Computer GmbH |
| 10.2.9. | Cozir - United Kindom |
| 10.2.10. | Denro - Germany |
| 10.2.11. | Distech Controls - Canada |
| 10.2.12. | DRSG |
| 10.2.13. | EchoFlex Solutions |
| 10.2.14. | EHRT |
| 10.2.15. | Elsner Elektronik - Germany |
| 10.2.16. | Eltako GmbH |
| 10.2.17. | Emerge Alliance |
| 10.2.18. | Ex-Or - United Kindom |
| 10.2.19. | Funk Technik - Germany |
| 10.2.20. | GE Energy - United States |
| 10.2.21. | GFR - Germany |
| 10.2.22. | Hansgrohe Group - Germany |
| 10.2.23. | Hautau - Germany |
| 10.2.24. | HESCH - Germany |
| 10.2.25. | Hoppe - Germany |
| 10.2.26. | Hotel Technology Next Generation - United States |
| 10.2.27. | IK Elektronik GmbH - Germany |
| 10.2.28. | ILLUMRA - United States |
| 10.2.29. | INSYS Electronics |
| 10.2.30. | Intesis Software SL - Spain |
| 10.2.31. | IP Controls - Germany |
| 10.2.32. | Jager Direkt GmbH & Co |
| 10.2.33. | Kieback&Peter GmbH & Co. KG - Germany |
| 10.2.34. | LonMark International |
| 10.2.35. | Lutuo - China |
| 10.2.36. | Magnum Energy Solutions LLC - United States |
| 10.2.37. | Murata Europe - Germany |
| 10.2.38. | Osram |
| 10.2.39. | Osram Silvania |
| 10.2.40. | OVERKIZ - Germany |
| 10.2.41. | PEHA |
| 10.2.42. | PEHA - Germany |
| 10.2.43. | PROBARE |
| 10.2.44. | Regulvar |
| 10.2.45. | Reliable Controls - Canada |
| 10.2.46. | S+S Regeltechnik |
| 10.2.47. | S4 Group - United States |
| 10.2.48. | Sauter |
| 10.2.49. | Schulte Elektrotechnik GmbH & Co. KG |
| 10.2.50. | SCL Elements Inc - Canada |
| 10.2.51. | SensorDynamics AG |
| 10.2.52. | Servodan A/S |
| 10.2.53. | Shaspa - United Kingdom |
| 10.2.54. | Siemens Building Technologies - Switzerland |
| 10.2.55. | Siemens Building Technologies GmbH & Co |
| 10.2.56. | SmartHome Initiative - Germany |
| 10.2.57. | SOMMER - Germany |
| 10.2.58. | Spartan Peripheral Devices - Canada |
| 10.2.59. | Spega - Germany |
| 10.2.60. | steute Schaltgeräte GmbH & Co. KG |
| 10.2.61. | Texas Instruments |
| 10.2.62. | Titus - United States |
| 10.2.63. | Unitronic AG Zentrale - Germany |
| 10.2.64. | Unotech A/S - Denmark |
| 10.2.65. | USNAP - United States |
| 10.2.66. | Vicos - Austria |
| 10.2.67. | Viessmann Group - Germany |
| 10.2.68. | Vossloh-Schwabe - Germany |
| 10.2.69. | WAGO Kontakttechnik GmbH & Co. KG - Germany |
| 10.2.70. | Wieland Electric GmbH - Germany |
| 10.2.71. | YTL Technologies - China |
| 10.2.72. | Zumtobel Lighting GmbH - Austria |
| 10.3. | Associates |
| 10.3. | Sensor monitoring rock net using energy of net movement and solar cells |
| 10.3.1. | A. & H. MEYER GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.2. | ABC Shop 24 - Germany |
| 10.3.3. | Active Business Company GmbH |
| 10.3.4. | Akktor GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.5. | Alvi Technologies |
| 10.3.6. | ASP Automação - Brazil |
| 10.3.7. | Axis Lighting - Canada |
| 10.3.8. | Biberach University of Applied Sciences |
| 10.3.9. | bmd AG -Switzerland |
| 10.3.10. | BMS Systems |
| 10.3.11. | Building Intelligence Group LLC - United States |
| 10.3.12. | CAO Group, Inc. - United States |
| 10.3.13. | Circuit Holding - Egypt |
| 10.3.14. | Com-Pacte - France |
| 10.3.15. | Cymbet - United States |
| 10.3.16. | Dauphin - Germany |
| 10.3.17. | DigiTower Cologne |
| 10.3.18. | DimOnOff - Canada |
| 10.3.19. | Distech Controls |
| 10.3.20. | Dogma Living Technology - Greece |
| 10.3.21. | Elektro-Systeme Matthias Friedl - Germany |
| 10.3.22. | Elka Hugo Krischke GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.23. | Encelium Technologies - United States |
| 10.3.24. | Energie Agentur |
| 10.3.25. | enexoma AG - Germany |
| 10.3.26. | Engenuity Systems |
| 10.3.27. | Engenuity Systems - United States |
| 10.3.28. | Engineered Tax Services - United States |
| 10.3.29. | EnOcean GmbH |
| 10.3.30. | Enolzu - Spain |
| 10.3.31. | Enotech - Denmark |
| 10.3.32. | ESIC Technology & Sourcing Co., Ltd. |
| 10.3.33. | Functional Devices Inc. - United States |
| 10.3.34. | Gesteknik |
| 10.3.35. | Green Link Alliance |
| 10.3.36. | Gruppo Giordano - Italian |
| 10.3.37. | Hagemeyer - Germany |
| 10.3.38. | HBC Hochschule Biberach - Germany |
| 10.3.39. | Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG - Germany |
| 10.3.40. | Hermos - Germany |
| 10.3.41. | HK Instruments - Finland |
| 10.3.42. | Hochschule Luzern - Technik & Architektur - Switzerland |
| 10.3.43. | I.M. tecnics - Spain |
| 10.3.44. | Indie Energy - United States |
| 10.3.45. | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. - United States |
| 10.3.46. | Ingenieurbüro Knab GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.47. | Ingenieurbüro Zink GmbH |
| 10.3.48. | Ingenieurbüro Zink GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.49. | INGLAS Innovative Glassysteme GmbH & Co. KG |
| 10.3.50. | Interior Automation - United Kingdom |
| 10.3.51. | Ivory Egg - United Kingdom |
| 10.3.52. | Kaga Electronics - Japan |
| 10.3.53. | KIB Projekt GmbH |
| 10.3.54. | Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI) - Korea |
| 10.3.55. | KVL Comp Ltd. |
| 10.3.56. | Ledalite - Canada |
| 10.3.57. | LessWire, LLC |
| 10.3.58. | Lighting Control & Design - United States |
| 10.3.59. | LogiCO2 International SARL. - Luxembourg |
| 10.3.60. | Masco |
| 10.3.61. | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation - United States |
| 10.3.62. | MK Electric (a Honeywell Business) |
| 10.3.63. | MONDIAL Electronic GmbH - Austria |
| 10.3.64. | Moritani - Japan |
| 10.3.65. | Moritani and Co Ltd |
| 10.3.66. | MW-Elektroanlagen - Germany |
| 10.3.67. | myDATA - Germany |
| 10.3.68. | Nibblewave - France |
| 10.3.69. | OBERMEYER Planen + Beraten GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.70. | Omnio |
| 10.3.71. | Orkit Building Intelligence |
| 10.3.72. | Pohlmann Funkbussystems - Germany |
| 10.3.73. | PressFinish GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.74. | Prulite Ltd - United States |
| 10.3.75. | Pyrecap - France |
| 10.3.76. | PYRECAP/HYCOSYS |
| 10.3.77. | R+S Group - Germany |
| 10.3.78. | SANYO Semiconductor LLC. - United States |
| 10.3.79. | SAT Herbert GmbH |
| 10.3.80. | SAT System- und Anlagentechnik Herbert GmbH |
| 10.3.81. | Seamless Sensing - United Kingdom |
| 10.3.82. | Selmoni - Switzerland |
| 10.3.83. | Sensocasa - Germany |
| 10.3.84. | Seven Line Control Systems - France |
| 10.3.85. | SIFRI, S.L. - Spain |
| 10.3.86. | SmartLiving Asia - Hong Kong |
| 10.3.87. | Spittler Lichttechnik GmbH - Germany |
| 10.3.88. | Spoon2 International Limited - United Kingdom |
| 10.3.89. | Steinbeis Transferzentrum für Embedded Design und Networking |
| 10.3.90. | StyliQ - Germany |
| 10.3.91. | STZEDN - Germany |
| 10.3.92. | Suffice Group - Hong Kong |
| 10.3.93. | Tambient |
| 10.3.94. | Tambient - United States |
| 10.3.95. | Technograph Microcircuits Ltd |
| 10.3.96. | Teleprofi-Verbindet - Germany |
| 10.3.97. | Thermokon - Danelko Elektronik AB - Sweden |
| 10.3.98. | ThermoKon Sensortechnik |
| 10.3.99. | t-mac Technologies Limited - United Kingdom |
| 10.3.100. | Tridum - United States |
| 10.3.101. | TRILUX GmbH & Co. KG - Germany |
| 10.3.102. | Unitronic AG Zentrale |
| 10.3.103. | Vicos |
| 10.3.104. | Vity Technology - Hong Kong |
| 10.3.105. | WAGO Kontakttechnik GmbH & Co. KG |
| 10.3.106. | WeberHaus - Germany |
| 10.3.107. | Web-IT - Germany |
| 10.3.108. | WelComm - United States |
| 10.3.109. | Wieland Electric GmbH |
| 10.3.110. | WIT - France |
| 10.3.111. | WM Ocean - Czech Republic |
| 10.3.112. | Yongfu - Singapore |
| 10.3.113. | Zurich University of Applied Science (ZHAW) - Switzerland |
| 11. | MARKET FORECASTS |
| 11.1. | Some high volume addressable global markets for energy harvesting for small devices |
| 11.1. | Energy harvesting for small devices, renewable energy replacing power stations and what comes between. |
| 11.1. | Forecasts for energy harvesting markets |
| 11.1.1. | Addressable markets and price sensitivity |
| 11.1.2. | IDTechEx energy harvesting forecasts 2012-2022, 2032 |
| 11.1.3. | Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting |
| 11.1.4. | Which technologies win? |
| 11.2. | Ambient power available for volume markets |
| 11.2. | Global market number million |
| 11.2. | Wireless sensor networks 2010-2022 |
| 11.3. | IDTechEx forecast for 2032 |
| 11.3. | Global market unit value dollars |
| 11.3. | Addressable market for high priced energy harvesting |
| 11.4. | Electronic products selling in billions yearly and their pricing |
| 11.4. | Global market total value millions of dollars |
| 11.4. | Bicycle dynamo market |
| 11.5. | Consumer market number million |
| 11.5. | Global market for energy harvesting 2012-2022 |
| 11.6. | Consumer market for energy harvesting 2012-2022 |
| 11.6. | Consumer market unit value dollars |
| 11.7. | Consumer market total value millions of dollars |
| 11.7. | Industrial, healthcare and other non- consumer markets for energy harvesting 2012-2022 |
| 11.8. | Wristwatches |
| 11.8. | Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets number million |
| 11.9. | Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets unit value dollars |
| 11.9. | Bicycle dynamo |
| 11.10. | Laptops and e-books |
| 11.10. | Industrial, healthcare and other non-consumer markets total value millions of dollars |
| 11.11. | Consumer market number by sector |
| 11.11. | Mobile phones |
| 11.12. | Other portable consumer electronics~ |
| 11.12. | Consumer market total value by sector |
| 11.13. | Consumer market value by technology 2022 |
| 11.13. | Wireless sensor mesh networks |
| 11.14. | Other Industrial^ |
| 11.14. | Non-consumer market value by technology 2022 |
| 11.15. | Total market value by technology 2022 |
| 11.15. | Military and aerospace+ excluding WSN |
| 11.16. | Healthcare# |
| 11.16. | Meter reading nodes number million 2010-2022 |
| 11.17. | Meter reading nodes unit value dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.17. | Other+ |
| 11.18. | Consumer vs other market value by technology 2022 |
| 11.18. | Meter reading nodes total value dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.19. | Other nodes number million 2010-2022 |
| 11.19. | Consumer market value in $ million by application and technology 2022 |
| 11.20. | Non-consumer market in $ million by application and technology in 2022 |
| 11.20. | Other nodes unit value dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.21. | Other nodes total value dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.21. | IDTechEx forecast of market % value share of total photovoltaic market by technology excluding conventional crystalline silicon 2012-2022 |
| 11.22. | Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting |
| 11.22. | Total node value billion dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.23. | WSN systems and software excluding nodes billion dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.23. | Division of value sales between the technologies in 2021 |
| 11.24. | Percentage value share of the global market for energy harvesting across large areas such as vehicles and railway stations (eg regenerative braking, shock absorbers, exhaust heat) in 2021 |
| 11.24. | Total WSN market million dollars 2010-2022 |
| 11.25. | WSN and ZigBee node numbers million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.25. | IDTechEx Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Forecast 2010-2022 with Real Time Locating Systems RTLS for comparison |
| 11.26. | WSN and ZigBee node numbers million 2012, 2022, 2032 and market drivers |
| 11.26. | Average number of nodes per system 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.27. | WSN node price dollars 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.27. | Average number of nodes per system 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.28. | WSN node price dollars 2012, 2022, 2032 and cost reduction factors |
| 11.28. | WSN node total value $ million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.29. | WSN systems and software excluding nodes $ million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.29. | WSN node total value $ million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.30. | WSN systems and software excluding nodes $ million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.30. | Total WSN market value $ million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| 11.31. | Global bicycle and car production millions |
| 11.31. | Total WSN market value $ million 2012, 2022, 2032 |
| APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| APPENDIX 2: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS | |
| APPENDIX 3: PERMANENT POWER FOR WIRELESS SENSORS - WHITE PAPER FROM CYMBET | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
Report Statistics
| Pages | 411 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 59 |
| Figures | 168 |
| Companies | 350+ |
| Forecasts to | 2022 |