Research Articles

The mounting global plastic waste crisis has compelled scientists and engineers to seek novel solutions. Among the various technologies being explored, the pyrolysis of plastic waste has emerged as a significant contender.

The use of quantum dots in displays has made it to high-quality prototypes amongst established tech companies like Samsung, Sharp, and TCL. These semiconductor nanocrystals, the size of just 2-10 nanometres, can enable realistic and high-definition displays for TVs, monitors, and smart tablets.

Every year, our oceans absorb 11-15 gigatonnes of CO2 as part of the Earth's natural carbon cycle. An unsung hero in the face of rising global temperatures, negative emission technology pioneers have begun asking a simple question: What if the power of this immense marine carbon sink could be harnessed even further?

Wednesday 26 June 2024 - Introduction and historical sales for the global electric bus market; Key players and emerging market trends; Developments in battery and motor technology, and their impacts on electric buses; Market outlook

Thursday 27 June 2024 - Comprehensive Overview of Thermal Interface Materials: Trends and Developments; An overview of thermal interface materials by TIM form; TIMs in EV battery packs: Trends of TIM's thermal conductivity and property trend; TIMs in EV power electronics: TIM1 (die-attach technologies) and TIM2 overview; TIMs in data centers: TIM opportunities with the transition to liquid cooling; TIMs in 5G TIMs in ADAS; TIMs in consumer electronics

In 2008, the commercialization of the silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET marked a major turning point for the power semiconductor market, representing its first significant development in decades. This technology was pioneered in electric vehicles (EVs) with the 2017 Tesla Model 3. The SiC MOSFET is a transistor that promises high power density, greater efficiency, and is less fallible to high temperatures.

Data centers power the digital world, from storing images of cute cats to analyzing terabytes of data to power the next generation of ChatGPT. In their report "Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits 2024-2034: Market, Technologies, and Forecasts", IDTechEx forecasts rapid, short-term global data center growth due to growth in demand for AI and increased use of cloud-based systems globally.

One of the main reasons that electrification is so appealing in any industry is the reduction in operating costs offered by electric machines. This is especially true across the construction, agriculture, and mining (CAM) industries. Large machines with high uptimes, like mining haul trucks, can consume millions of dollars in fuel over their lifetime.

In April 2024, global energy, technology, and utility provider Hitachi Energy announced a US$1.5 billion investment program to ramp up global transformer production by 2027. IDTechEx's research into electrical grids indicates that transformers are a critical component and potential supply bottleneck for large-scale grid upgrades. These upgrades are essential as society shifts from a transportation sector fuelled by petrochemicals transported in tankers to a sector powered by electricity carried by wires.

Thursday 20 June 2024 - Exploring the Transformative Potential of Electromagnetic Metamaterials; A brief introduction to RF (radio frequency) and optical metamaterials, highlighting key market opportunities; Analysis of the emerging usage of metalenses, one of the most exciting applications of optical metamaterials, with important manufacturing processes potential challenges highlighted; Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), the most promising applications of RF metamaterials, with discussion on players, technology roadmap, key case studies, etc; Adoption roadmaps for optical and RF metamaterials; Outlook for the electromagnetic metamaterials market

The conductive inks market will grow to exceed US$6.5 billion by 2034 but remains a highly segmented industry, underpinning both photovoltaics and the emerging field of printed electronics. Taking stock of the different outlooks for the myriad of conductive ink types and the various application areas is a complex task. IDTechEx has tackled this problem by assessing the market for different conductive ink types across 15 application areas and providing granular ten-year market forecasts.

La creazione di un'economia circolare è un obiettivo di sostenibilità essenziale per numerosi stakeholder della catena di fornitura: governi, marchi, fornitori e consumatori. Un elemento chiave è la riduzione dei rifiuti di plastica; l'OCSE ha stimato che nel 2019 sono stati generati oltre 350 milioni di tonnellate metriche di rifiuti di plastica a livello globale. Per affrontare la produzione di rifiuti in plastica sono necessarie soluzioni da parte di tutti i settori, in particolare quello degli imballaggi in plastica, che utilizza circa un terzo della produzione annuale di plastica. Gli imballaggi in plastica monouso, dalle pellicole per cling ai sacchetti flessibili per patatine fritte ai contenitori da asporto, vengono generati in volumi enormi ma finiscono rapidamente nei flussi di rifiuti urbani.

2024 has marked the 20th anniversary of the original isolation of graphene, first achieved at the University of Manchester in 2004, prior to the award of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. In the two decades since its isolation, graphene has been the subject of immense hype, labeled as a wonder material with superlative properties capable of enabling society-shifting technologies.

Material innovations underpin many of the exciting applications offered by emerging quantum technologies. IDTechEx's latest report, "Quantum Technology Market 2024-2034: Trends, Players, Forecasts", compares platforms based on superconductors, silicon photonics, alkali vapors, semiconductors, nanomaterials, and more. Each is seeking to enable solutions for quantum computing, sensing, and communications, with various advantages and disadvantages for each method.

Thermal management for EV power electronics has long posed significant challenges. The ongoing shift from Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET to potentially GaN HEMT in the future results in higher junction temperatures and increased demand for die-attach materials in EV power modules. In traditional Si IGBT power modules, die-attach materials like Pb95Sn5 and Pb92.5Sn5Ag2.5 struggle to meet reliability requirements for packaging power devices in high-temperature applications due to creep-fatigue concerns.

With 3D electronics, bulky PCBs can be replaced, resulting in sleek and integrated designs. The automotive industry is one of the largest sectors benefiting from this technology, as electronics can be printed in a thin layer onto surfaces or integrated within components, which can be particularly useful for human-machine interfaces (HMIs).

Buses are the most common form of public transport worldwide and are an integral part of billions of daily commutes. From Mumbai to Amsterdam, buses offer cheap and accessible transportation for people to get to work, leisure, and a whole host of other destinations. Buses have been the workhorses of urban transport for almost a hundred years, and for most of that time, they have run on diesel engines.

Electric vehicle (EV) related news has been somewhat bleak in the first part of 2024; you will have heard a lot about the downturn in the EV market and OEMs scaling back plans. This might make one think that EVs are beyond their hype and that they will not be the solution of the future, but is that really the message we should be taking away? In this article, IDTechEx discusses the current statistics, the state of the market, and the outlook for the future.

eVTOL air-taxis could be the new efficient means of intercity travel with zero-emissions short flights. Whilst they may resemble helicopters, they could be far more cost effective and more environmentally friendly in the long run and are similar to aeroplanes in their rotor-enabled forward flight. With their electric propellors powered by batteries, new designs and innovations are broadening the market.

Automotive heads-up displays (HUDs) are awaited with great expectations and are set to revolutionize the automotive display industry. There are many reasons why this technology is anticipated with enthusiasm, namely its potential to positively impact driver behavior on the road, allowing for further vehicle customization and enhancing communication between the front seat passenger and the vehicle.

Thursday 13 June 2024 - Chemical Recycling: Navigating the Landscape of Innovative Technologies and Scaling Challenges; An overview of chemical recycling of plastic technologies; Challenges to adoption and scaling; The challenges faced by enzymatic depolymerization; Chain of custody approaches; IDTechEx's outlook and conclusions

Quantum computers could solve new sets of problems that might otherwise take super computers thousands of years with the advanced technology of quantum bits.

Metamaterials use regular engineered patterns of subwavelength structures to interact with waves. Electromagnetic metamaterials promise to have transformative effects within the fields of optics and telecommunications. They could make biometric recognition cheaper and more accurate, make virtual reality more immersive and comfortable, and facilitate high-speed mobile internet with zero signal blackspots, yet adoption is in its infancy.

I materiali di interfaccia termica (TIM) sono sempre più adottati e si prevede che le dimensioni del mercato supereranno gli 8 miliardi di dollari entro il 2034. I riempitivi termici svolgono un ruolo cruciale nei TIM, in quanto influenzano direttamente proprietà come la conduttività termica, la viscosità, il costo, l'abrasività e molti altri fattori. I riempitivi per TIM sono in genere l'ingrediente più costoso nelle formulazioni di TIM; pertanto, la selezione dei riempitivi per TIM deve trovare un equilibrio tra una buona conduttività termica, proprietà meccaniche decenti e un prezzo accettabile.

Heating and cooling accounts for approximately 50% of global energy consumption, with 30% of this consumption represented by heating demand from industry. Given that the great majority of industrial heating processes use fossil fuels to generate heat, this has caused industrial heating processes to be responsible for ~25% of global emissions.

According to IEA's 2023 update to its net zero roadmap, carbon capture technologies, more efficient space cooling equipment, and clean energy transitions are all cornerstones of achieving net zero by 2050 and limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Emerging technologies utilizing metal-organic framework (MOF) materials for carbon capture, refrigerant reclamation, direct lithium extraction, HVAC equipment, and various other chemical separations and purification processes can see the advent of disruptive next-generation technologies that are essential for industrial decarbonization.

Wednesday 5 June 2024 - Carbon Credit Markets: The Rise of Durable, Engineered Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies; Importance of carbon dioxide removal in reaching global net-zero emissions targets; Overview of all negative emission technologies (NETs): Direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), Biomass with carbon removal and storage (BiCRS), Nature-based CDR methods, Mineralization NETs, and ocean-based CDR approaches; Contextualization of CDR within carbon markets and how voluntary carbon credits are accelerating NETs in the short-term; Identifying the key factors driving the market pivot from nature-based solutions such as afforestation/reforestation to durable, engineered, CDR approaches; Discussion of environmental, technical, and economic drivers/barriers for DACCS and BECCS

Le tecnologie che si stanno diffondendo nell'industria automobilistica si stanno diffondendo anche nel settore off-highway, in particolare nei veicoli da miniera. In particolare, la ricerca di mercato di IDTechEx, "Veicoli elettrici nel settore minerario 2024-2044: tecnologie, attori e previsioni", mette in evidenza il ruolo delle batterie EV di grandi dimensioni e degli innovativi metodi di ricarica rapida nel guidare l'adozione dei veicoli elettrici da miniera, nonché l'ascesa dei veicoli autonomi da miniera. IDTechEx prevede che il settore dei veicoli elettrici da miniera avrà un valore di quasi 23 miliardi di dollari entro il 2044.

The sourcing of materials and components is becoming an increasingly discussed topic across multiple industries. One huge growth sector is the electric vehicle (EV) market, with IDTechEx predicting 4 fold growth in electric car sales over the next 10 years. Much of the conversation is focused on battery materials, but the rare earths used in the magnets in electric motors are another key concern.

The risk of missing out on the competitive advantage quantum computing offers is rising. Governments and private investors worldwide are placing multi-billion-dollar bets that the industry will produce huge long-term returns. Yet, for this to be realized, the theoretical advantage of quantum computers must be translated into real-world commercial value. In this article, IDTechEx explores which applications are being developed today across the materials, chemical, automotive, finance, and healthcare industries.

Thursday 6 June 2024 - Construction, Agriculture and Mining: Specialised Machines Require Specialised Batteries; Machine electrification in different CAM markets; Battery sizing and performance requirements across electric CAM machines; Cycle life requirements across different CAM machines; Upcoming battery technologies and how they fit in with the needs of electric CAM machines

Antenna packaging methodologies have evolved significantly to counter the escalating signal attenuation in high-frequency communications like 5G mmWave and anticipated 6G networks. Previously, antennas were positioned on PCBs; now, there's a shift towards integrating antennas directly onto the same package as the RF chip.

Maximizing energy density has been one key area of focus in electric vehicle battery development. Optimizations in cell and battery pack designs, alongside the use of higher nickel NMC and NCA cathodes, have led to steady improvement in battery energy density over the past 10-15 years.

IDTechEx, a trusted provider of independent market intelligence, have released a new market report, "Thermal Interface Materials 2024-2034: Technologies, Markets, and Forecasts". The report forecasts the global TIM market size will reach around US$7bn by 2034.

In a world where fossil fuels are increasingly being avoided, and the mounting problem of plastic waste management intensifies, a new approach to plastic waste has attracted much attention. Advanced recycling technologies such as chemical recycling and the dissolution of plastic waste aim to increase the circularity of the plastics economy.

As the hunger for high-speed internet and constant connection increases, so too does the developments of 5G and 6G networks. The technology that makes this possible is happening right down in the small area of the antenna within the device, and low-loss materials and alternative substrates can offer ways of maintaining a strong connection.