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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Definition and primary features of AWE |
1.3. | Justification |
1.4. | Researchers and developers |
1.4.1. | Global spread |
1.4.2. | Most admired/ likely to succeed and cited impediments |
1.4.3. | Patents 2017-8 |
1.5. | Next generation zero emission electricity : goodbye intermittency, batteries, infrastructure |
1.6. | Technical options |
1.6.1. | How to fly and where to generate |
1.6.2. | AWE leverages proven technologies which provide lessons and roadmap |
1.6.3. | AWE uniquely compact and mobile |
1.6.4. | Main AWE options |
1.7. | Choosing between kite, drone and other options |
1.8. | Some benefits and challenges of AWE |
1.9. | The altitude conundrum |
1.9.1. | Choice of altitude |
1.9.2. | Choice of wind speed |
1.9.3. | Choice of region to get the desired wind power |
1.9.4. | Where AWE can be better than a conventional wind turbine |
1.9.5. | Altitude of AWE vs power over cycle: approximate for clarity of images |
1.9.6. | AWE autonomy essential for over 90% of the market |
1.10. | Choice of marketing |
1.10.1. | Engineering led approach |
1.10.2. | Marketing led approach making new things possible: |
1.10.3. | Two very different needs for AWE |
1.10.4. | At high grid power, a solution looking for a problem |
1.11. | Assessment of 25 non-academic AWE developers on 13 criteria |
1.12. | Forecasting methodology and lessons from benchmarking |
1.12.1. | Overview |
1.12.2. | Benchmarking: zero emission electricity production using tethers Wave vs AWE |
1.12.3. | Wave power experience today will be followed by AWE |
1.12.4. | Solar wins for most on and off grid |
1.13. | Forecast: AWE systems 10kW and above 2019-2039 |
1.13.1. | Changing attitudes |
1.13.2. | Forecast: AWE systems 10kW and above |
1.13.3. | Technology and applications timeline: AWE systems 10kW and above 2019-2039 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Definition and market drivers of energy harvesting |
2.2. | Energy harvesting systems |
2.3. | Features of energy harvesting |
2.3.1. | Characteristics |
2.3.2. | Low power vs high power EH features |
2.3.3. | EH transducer principles and materials |
2.3.4. | EH technologies by actual and potential usefulness |
2.3.5. | Challenges of EH technologies |
2.3.6. | EH technology choice by intermittent power generated |
2.3.7. | EH conclusions: low and high power |
2.3.8. | Harvesting conclusions: low and high power |
2.3.9. | Conclusions: high power |
2.4. | Challenge for AWE: Photovoltaics becomes cheaper than large onshore wind in 2020 |
2.5. | Challenge: Ground turbine and AWE wind power downsizes badly: physics and poorer wind |
2.5.1. | Efficiency vs power |
2.5.2. | Below 100kW AWE and wind turbines get niche |
2.6. | Wind turbine choices |
2.7. | AWE choices |
2.7.1. | Overview |
2.7.2. | Detailed AWE choices |
2.8. | Examples of opportunities for AWE |
2.9. | New water power (tide, wave) mimics new and old wind power |
2.10. | Ozymandias syndrome |
2.11. | AWE patents and interest 1980-2018 |
3. | COMPANY PROFILES AND DETAILED INTERVIEWS |
3.1. | Universities often laggards |
3.2. | Altaeros Energies USA |
3.2.1. | Overview |
3.2.2. | Advantages and challenges |
3.3. | Ampyx Power Netherlands |
3.3.1. | Overview |
3.3.2. | Business plan late 2015 left, late 2017 right |
3.3.3. | Mocean Offshore BV August 2017 |
3.3.4. | Ampyx at IDTechEx "Off Grid Energy Independence" conference April 2018 |
3.3.5. | Ampyx technical report 2018 |
3.3.6. | In-depth interviews |
3.3.7. | Advantages and challenges |
3.4. | Bladetips Energy France |
3.4.1. | Overview |
3.4.2. | Interview |
3.4.3. | Presentation at IDTechEx "Off Grid Energy Independence" conference April 2018 |
3.4.4. | Advantages and challenges |
3.5. | E-kite Netherlands |
3.5.1. | Overview |
3.5.2. | Advantages and challenges |
3.6. | Enerkite Germany |
3.6.1. | Overview |
3.6.2. | Profile |
3.6.3. | Advantages and challenges |
3.7. | e-Wind Solutions USA |
3.7.1. | Overview |
3.7.2. | Interview |
3.7.3. | Presentations and website |
3.7.4. | Advantages and challenges |
3.8. | Kite Power Systems UK |
3.8.1. | Overview |
3.8.2. | Interviews |
3.8.3. | Advantages and challenges |
3.9. | Kitemill Norway |
3.9.1. | Overview |
3.9.2. | Kitemill presentation at IDTechEx Energy Independent Electric Vehicle event |
3.9.3. | Interviews |
3.9.4. | Advantages and challenges |
3.10. | Kitenergy Italy |
3.10.1. | Kitenergy presentation extracts at IDTechEx Energy Independent Electric Vehicle event |
3.10.2. | Interview Sept 28 2017 |
3.10.3. | Advantages and challenges |
3.11. | Kitepower Netherlands |
3.11.1. | Latest situation |
3.11.2. | One target is farmers |
3.11.3. | Kitepower presentation extracts at IDTechEx Energy Independent Electric Vehicle event |
3.11.4. | Interviews |
3.11.5. | Advantages and challenges |
3.12. | Kiteswarms UK, Germany |
3.13. | KiteX Denmark |
3.13.1. | Overview |
3.13.2. | Progress |
3.13.3. | Technical description |
3.13.4. | Advantages and challenges |
3.14. | Makani-x |
3.14.1. | Overview and interviews |
3.14.2. | Felker presentation at AWE Freiburg |
3.14.3. | Other characteristics |
3.14.4. | Google ship power patents |
3.14.5. | Patents and future plans |
3.14.6. | Advantages and challenges |
3.15. | Rotokite Italy |
3.15.1. | Overview |
3.15.2. | Validation and interviews |
3.15.3. | Advantages and challenges |
3.16. | Skypull Switzerland |
3.16.1. | Overview |
3.16.2. | Advantages and challenges |
3.17. | SkySails Power Germany |
3.17.1. | Overview |
3.17.2. | EnBW and Leibnitz University Hanover collaboration |
3.17.3. | Advantages and challenges |
3.18. | Superturbine ™ USA and Pierre Benhaïem France |
3.18.1. | Interviews |
3.18.2. | Advantages and challenges |
3.19. | TwingTec Switzerland |
3.19.1. | Overview |
3.19.2. | Next system specification |
3.19.3. | Market positioning and 2018 presentation |
3.19.4. | Interviews |
3.19.5. | Advantages and challenges |
3.20. | Windlift USA |
3.20.1. | Overview |
3.20.2. | Interview Aug 2018 |
3.20.3. | Advantages and challenges |
3.21. | Devices up to 1kW: Windswept and Interesting UK, Kitewinder France |
3.21.1. | Windswept and Interesting overview |
3.21.2. | Interview Aug 2018 |
3.21.3. | Advantages and challenges for Windswept and Interesting |
3.21.4. | Kitewinder France |
3.22. | Robert Freda - V2Wind |
Slides | 237 |
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Forecasts to | 2039 |