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คอนกรีตและปูนซีเมนต์ที่คิดค้นใหม่: การเติบโตของตลาด, การลดคาร์บอน 2022-2042

กระแสรายได้ใหม่จากสูตรที่เกิดขึ้นใหม่ กระบวนการ การใช้งาน 3DP การใช้พลังงานไฟฟ้า การขายพลังงานส่วนเกินและการจัดเก็บพลังงาน การแยกคาร์บอเนชั่น การใช้ประโยชน์จากสินทรัพย์


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The cement, concrete and allied industries now face an exciting 20 years of transformation in all respects. Uniquely, the full picture is found in this commercially-oriented IDTechEx report, "Concrete and Cement Reinvented: Growing the Market, Decarbonising 2022-2042". Research, interpretation and forecasting is by PhD level, multilingual IDTechEx analysts located worldwide. See how a deluge of new formulations, products and capabilities will open up many new markets such as multifunctional concrete (electrical, optical etc.) and 3D printed large structures free of steel reinforcement and its problems. 111 organisations are covered. Other industries are benchmarked where they are ahead.
 
Understand how, with a multifaceted approach, this industry can go from causing 6-10% of global warming to almost none. Cement can be made with little or no emission by reformulation or with carbon capture. Some will even be made by absorbing carbon dioxide. Facilities will increasingly go off-grid making all the electricity to run sites and vehicles by zero-emission solar, wind and water power that leverages those facilities. Solar on gravel pit lakes is already with us. Tidal and wave power will leverage the many other water-based activities of this industry such as sand and aggregate dredging.
 
Trials of delayed electricity from hot rocks, sand and raised blocks of waste concrete reveal other synergies. Electrified cement and concrete facilities will profitably export zero-emission electricity and energy storage to help others to clean up their act: pariah to saviour in 20 years. Green concrete will deal with rising sea levels and new forms will open up many new markets analysed in this report which takes 300 pages to cover all these topics.
 
After a comprehensive glossary, the 40-page executive summary and conclusions is sufficient in itself for those in a hurry. Mostly involving new infograms, comparison charts, roadmaps and forecasts it presents 25 primary conclusions mainly concerned with growing and decarbonising the industry profitably, revealing the largest participants, those to watch and the sites and applications of the future.
 
The Introduction then explains the basics of cement and concrete making and how issues will be addressed to grow the market. This involves life, performance, quantified emissions issues and electrification, including fuel cell vs battery. Briefly understand the value chains, processes, Ultra-High Performance Concrete evolution, supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer etc., and challenges and opportunities with sand and deserts in 23 pages.
 
Chapter 3 concerns green concrete in its many emerging forms. With a host of examples, intentions and new ideas, it thoroughly covers carbon capture in process and product, zero carbon, bio-cement, bioreceptive, geopolymer. 20 pages.
 
Chapter 4 is your drill down on 3D printed concrete buildings and large structures becoming a substantial market. Since this spans third world to military and UHPC tunnelling it is very important 2022-2042. 16 pages. Chapter 5 addresses self-healing, self-cleaning, bendable and textile concrete in 24 pages. Chapter 6 expands on graphene and other Ultra High Performance Concrete - some 3D printed - including actual applications and plans. 8 pages.
 
Chapter 7 concerns self-monitoring, electricity-making, energy-storing and vehicle-charging concrete as the industry assists many others to go green. Learn smart roads, wireless sensor mesh networks in bridges and airport aprons and more with detailed new infograms. Here is how the industry will leverage its lakes, caverns, sand, rocks and scrap concrete to store its own electricity and sell storage to grids and microgrids. 45 pages.
 
Chapter 8 has detailed infograms of the quarry and mine of the future, carbon capture and process electrification. It is on process decarbonisation of the cement industry - business opportunities. 10 pages.
 
It is commonly believed that the processing machinery and vehicles in this industry belch diesel because zero-emission battery versions and electric power are not yet possible. Chapter 9 explains and predicts electric and autonomous drilling rigs, excavators, loaders, transport, ready-mix trucks, almost all already available to buy. Some are planned concepts, even making their own power. It adds the rapid progress on autonomy for these with many illustrated examples by supplier. 38 pages.
 
Chapter 10 presents suitable zero-emission electricity and storage for complete electrification and new earning streams. Here are new forms of power from on-site water, wind and solar power, reducing costs, down time, payback uncertainties and emissions and creating new earning streams from sites selling electricity. An appendix then explains and advises on whether hydrogen saves oil companies not the planet and how important it will be to this industry.
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Table of Contents
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
1.1.Definitions and background
1.2.Carbon dioxide emissions
1.3.Concrete benefits
1.4.High performance cement and concrete HPC
1.5.3D printed concrete - faster, better
1.6.World's largest cement producers
1.7.Replacing concrete
1.8.Concrete and cement production site of the future
1.8.1.Zero-emission, integrated, unmanned, out of sight
1.8.2.Future cement and concrete feedstock and processing
1.8.3.Quarries and processing sites leverage assets to sell surplus power storage and electricity
1.8.4.Site issues and solutions
1.9.New concrete products creating new markets 2022-2042
1.10.25 primary conclusions
1.10.1.Conclusions on industry structure and overall demand 2022-2042
1.10.2.Conclusions on emissions reduction 2022-2042
1.10.3.Conclusions concerning Ultra High Performance Concrete 2022-2042
1.10.4.Conclusions concerning radically new cement products and processes
1.10.5.Conclusions concerning process decarbonisation
1.10.6.Conclusions: new earning streams from water management
1.11.Cement and concrete industry roadmap 2022-2042
1.12.Adoption timeline for mining electrification generally 2022-2042
1.13.Cement and concrete market statistics
1.14.Strong market for Ultra High Performance Concrete
1.15.Polymer concrete market
1.16.Global cement market billion tons by five regions 2022-2042
2.INTRODUCTION TO CEMENT, CONCRETE, EMISSIONS, ELECTRIFICATION AND GROWING THE MARKET
2.1.Cement and concrete value chain
2.2.How cement is typically made
2.3.How concrete is typically made
2.4.Limitations of concrete that will be overcome more often 2022-2024
2.5.The problem and opportunity of sand
2.6.Martian concrete
2.7.Other future concrete
2.8.3D printing of large concrete structures
2.9.Supplementary Cementitious Materials and geopolymer concrete
2.10.Impact of concrete manufacturing on global warming
2.11.Emission push for pure electric equipment
2.12.Seven levers to decarbonise the UK cement industry
2.13.Electrification issues, responses and predictions
2.14.Views of mining executives
2.15.Fuel cell or battery?
3.GREEN AND POLYMER CONCRETE: CARBON CAPTURE, ZERO CARBON, BIO-CEMENT, BIORECEPTIVE, GEOPOLYMER
3.1.Green concrete overview
3.2.A bigger picture
3.3.Carbon dioxide utilization in building materials
3.3.1.Market potential
3.3.2.The Basic Chemistry: CO2 Mineralization
3.4.CO2 utilization in concrete curing or mixing
3.4.1.CarbonCure Technologies
3.4.2.Solidia Technologies
3.4.3.CarbiCrete
3.5.CO2 Utilization in concrete aggregates and additives
3.6.CO2-derived building materials from natural minerals
3.7.CO2-derived building materials from waste
3.7.1.Overview
3.7.2.Carbon Upcycling Technologies
3.7.3.Blue Planet
3.7.4.Carbon8
3.7.5.CarbonFree
3.7.6.UCLA CarbonBuilt
3.7.7.Concrete carbon footprint of key CO2U Players
3.7.8.Factors influencing CO2U adoption in construction
3.7.9.Key takeaways on carbon dioxide utilization in building materials
3.8.Allied activities
3.8.1.Carbon Corp., C2NT
3.8.2.Bio-Mason
3.8.3.Bouygues
3.8.4.CalPoly Breathebrick
3.9.Inorganic polymers: Geopolymers
3.9.1.Emerging polymers generally
3.9.2.Silicon polymers
3.9.3.Geopolymer cement and concrete chemistry
3.9.4.Industrial overview
3.9.5.Advantages and disadvantages of geopolymer concrete
3.10.Organic polymers in concrete
3.10.1.Overview - waste plastics or impregnation
3.10.2.Polymer impregnated concrete
4.3D PRINTED CONCRETE BUILDINGS AND LARGE STRUCTURES BECOME A SUBSTANTIAL MARKET
4.1.A Brief History of Concrete 3D Printing
4.2.The Drivers behind 3D Printed Concrete
4.3.Main Categories of Concrete 3D Printing Technology
4.4.Cartesian ("Gantry") Extrusion
4.5.Robotic Extrusion
4.6.Binder Jetting
4.7.Materials for Concrete 3D Printing
4.8.Notable Concrete 3D Printing Projects
4.9.Barriers to Adoption of Concrete 3D Printing
4.10.Outlook for Concrete 3D Printing
4.11.Concrete 3D printing companies compared
5.SELF-HEALING, SELF-CLEANING, BENDABLE AND TEXTILE CONCRETE
5.1.The cracking problem
5.2.The dream of self-healing bacterial bio-concrete
5.3.The dream of fungi creating self-healing concrete
5.4.Self-cleaning concrete that captures air pollution
5.4.1.Overview
5.4.2.HeidelbergCement subsidiaries
5.4.3.Jubilee Church, Rome, Italy
5.5.Bendable concrete ECC crack-free, self-healing
5.5.1.Overview
5.5.2.University of Michigan
5.5.3.Reducing cost: Nanyang Technological University
5.5.4.Properties now achieved
5.5.5.Bendable sprayed-on concrete
5.5.6.Lafarge-Holkim leadership
5.5.7.Perez Art Museum, Miami, Florida
5.6.3D knitted textile concrete vs Ancient Egypt
6.GRAPHENE AND OTHER ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
6.1.Ultra High Performance Concrete
6.1.1.Overview
6.1.2.Extending the definition
6.2.Graphene in concrete and asphalt
6.2.1.Overview and participants
6.2.2.Graphene concrete in action
6.2.3.Skanska Costain Strabag in HS2 train tunnels London
6.2.4.Concrene
6.2.5.Garmor
6.2.6.TALGA
6.2.7.Easily affordable
6.3.The big picture of graphene applications going commercial
7.SELF-MONITORING, ELECTRICITY-MAKING, ENERGY-STORING AND VEHICLE-CHARGING CONCRETE
7.1.Self-monitoring concrete
7.1.1.Optimising manufacture of major structures
7.1.2.Structural integrity during life
7.2.Energy storage for cement and concrete facilities leverages assets
7.2.1.Overview
7.2.2.Gravitational Energy Storage (GES)
7.2.3.ARES LLC Technology Overview
7.2.4.Piston Based Gravitational Energy Storage (PB-GES)
7.2.5.Underground - Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (U-PHES)
7.2.6.Under Water Energy Storage (UWES)
7.3.Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technology Overview and Classification
7.3.1.Electric Thermal Energy Storage ETES Operating principle
7.3.2.Potential applications
7.3.3.NREL
7.3.4.Siemens Gamesa
7.3.5.Stiesdal Storage Technologies
7.3.6.IDTechEx appraisal
7.3.7.ETES in context in 2031
7.3.8.ETES costing
7.4.Diurnal TES Systems - Solar Thermal Power Plants (CSP)
7.5.Electricity and heat-making concrete
7.6.Translucent, light-emitting concrete, smart roads
7.6.1.Potential multi-mode outdoor surfaces
7.6.2.Luminescent paths
7.6.3.Interactive light
7.6.4.Solar road crossings would illuminate when needed
7.6.5.De-icing and snow removal risks disappear with self-powered, automated road heating
7.6.6.Solar road with integral lit markers - Japanese concept
7.6.7.Multifunctional solar roadway by Solar Roadways USA
7.6.8.Platio success with solar ground surfaces
7.6.9.Electricity generating outdoor ground surfaces: technologies assessed
7.7.Electric charging roads - Magment and others
8.SITE AND PROCESS DECARBONISATION OF CEMENT INDUSTRY: BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
8.1.Overview
8.2.Carbon capture at cement plants
8.3.Global Concrete and Cement Association roadmap
8.4.Digitalisation and holistic approaches
8.5.Sequence of future process and allied electrification
8.5.1.Quarry overview
8.5.2.Fully electric crushing arrives
8.5.3.Concentrated solar clinker
8.5.4.Solar stacker heralds self-powered, zero-emission processing
8.5.5.How emerging cement and concrete materials extraction fits into the mine of the future
8.5.6.Future open pit mining and process
9.ELECTRIC AND AUTONOMOUS DRILLING RIGS, EXCAVATORS, LOADERS, TRANSPORT, READYMIX TRUCKS
9.1.Overview of on- and off-road mining vehicles
9.2.Powertrain trends by type of mining vehicle
9.3.Electrics in mining vehicles
9.4.Hybrids as interim stage
9.5.Vehicle definitions: market player landscape and future synergies
9.6.Mining BEV companies compared
9.7.Mining vehicle market outlook
9.8.When mining BEVs have lower up-front price than diesel 2022-2042
9.9.Patent analysis
9.10.Company activities and plans
9.10.1.Anglo American experimental mining truck now trialing
9.10.2.BYD
9.10.3.Caterpillar
9.10.4.ETF Mining
9.10.5.Hitachi
9.10.6.Kiruna
9.10.7.Kuhn and Komatsu
9.10.8.Liebherr Group
9.10.9.LuiGong
9.10.10.Normet
9.10.11.Sany
9.10.12.TerraEV MEDATech
9.10.13.Volvo Group
9.11.Autonomous and remotely-operated mining vehicles
9.11.1.Overview
9.11.2.Artisan Vehicle Systems (Sandvik)
9.11.3.Built Robotics
9.11.4.Epiroc
9.11.5.Komatsu
9.11.6.Volvo
9.11.7.GMG mining robot guidelines
9.11.8.Dalmia Bharat Cement launches India's first e-Trucks Initiative - December 2021
10.SUITABLE ZERO-EMISSION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FOR COMPLETE ELECTRIFICATION AND NEW EARNING STREAMS
10.1.Progress to mining and processing electrics with off-grid zero-emission at site
10.2.Solar on gravel pit water
10.3.Solar with wind for multiple purposes
10.4.Zero emission microgrids: solar, water, wind reinvented
10.5.New zero-emission electricity: airborne wind energy, ocean wave, tidal stream
10.5.1.Airborne Wind Energy AWE
10.5.2.Wave power, open sea
10.5.3.Tidal stream power
10.5.4.New power generating technology kVA comparison
10.5.5.61 Airborne Wind Energy developers
10.5.6.AWE compared to future conventional wind turbines
10.5.7.Open sea wave power technologies
10.5.8.Green hydrogen from renewables
10.5.9.Future photovoltaic power for cement and concrete industry
10.5.10.Solar usually wins and it is starting to appear on the vehicles
10.5.11.Mobile solar gensets for this industry
10.6.Appendix: Hydrogen Saves Oil Companies Not the Planet?
 

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