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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Printed electronics |
1.1. | The market for inorganic versus organic electronics defined by chemistry of key element 2014 2024 |
1.1. | Growth of the market for silicon chips compared with IDTechEx projections for printed and potentially printed electronics and electrics |
1.2. | Some of the most promising elements employed in research and production |
1.2. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2014-2024 in billions of dollars |
1.2. | Mainly inorganic |
1.3. | The opportunity for chemical companies |
1.3. | Examples of inorganic materials needed for printed electronics and their suppliers. |
1.3. | The market for inorganic versus organic electronics defined by chemistry of key element 2014 2024 |
1.4. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2014-2024 |
1.4. | Comparison of the more challenging inorganic and organic materials used in printed and potentially printed electronics |
1.4. | Inorganic vs organic |
1.5. | Photovoltaics |
1.5. | Typical quantum dot materials from Evident Technologies and their likely application. |
1.5. | The increasing potential of progress towards the printing of electric and electronic devices |
1.6. | Attributes and problems of inorganic, hybrid and organic thin film electronics form a spectrum. |
1.6. | The leading photovoltaic technologies compared |
1.6. | Progress with Semiconductors |
1.6.1. | Oxide Semiconductors |
1.6.2. | Carbon Nanotubes |
1.6.3. | Organics |
1.6.4. | Others |
1.7. | Printed electronics needs new design rules |
1.7. | Likely impact of inorganic printed and potentially printed technology to 2020 - dominant technology by device and element |
1.7.1. | Metamaterials, nantennas and memristors |
1.8. | Mass production of flexible thin film electronic devices using the three generations of technology |
1.8. | Inorganic compounds for future 2D crystal devices |
1.9. | Strategy options for chemical companies seeking a major share of the printed electronics market, with examples. |
1.10. | Metal interconnect and antennas on a BlueSpark printed manganese dioxide zinc battery supporting integral antenna and interconnects. |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | SuperPanoramic cockpit with closable opaque layer - a concept of the US Air Force |
2.1. | Comparison of thin film silicon and organic thin films as transistor semiconductors. |
2.1. | Printed electronics - reasons why |
2.2. | Impact of printed electronics on conventional electronics |
2.2. | US Warfighter's back pack must reduce in weight. Wrist displays, printed antennas, batteries, electronics and power generation will be part of this. |
2.3. | The different impact of the new printed electronics on various existing electric and electronic markets |
2.3. | Progress so far |
2.3.1. | The age of silicon |
2.3.2. | The dream of organic electronics |
2.3.3. | The example of smart clothing |
2.3.4. | Slow progress with organic conductors |
2.3.5. | Boron nitride - tailoring carbon composites |
2.3.6. | Molybdenum disulfide |
2.4. | Organic electronics - the dream |
2.4. | The new inorganic printed and thin film devices |
2.4.1. | Rapidly widening choice of elements - déjà vu |
2.4.2. | Metamaterial solar cells and sensors |
2.4.3. | Printed lighting |
2.4.4. | Printed photodetectors |
2.4.5. | Inorganic barrier layers - alumina, silicon nitride, boron nitride etc |
2.5. | Attributes and problems of inorganic, hybrid and organic thin film electronics form a spectrum |
2.6. | Elements employed in the silicon chip business where blue refers to before the 1990s, green for since the 1990s and red for beyond 2005. |
2.7. | Projections for flexible printed and thin film lighting 2007-2025 |
2.8. | Tera-Barrier's barrier stack |
3. | INORGANIC TRANSISTORS |
3.1. | Inorganic compound semiconductors for transistors |
3.1. | Transparent inorganic transistor |
3.1. | Comparison of printed polymer ink used in pilot production of organic transistors vs two thin film inorganic semiconductors for transistors vs nanosilicon ink |
3.1.1. | Learning how to print inorganic compound transistors |
3.1.2. | Zinc oxide based transistor semiconductors and Samsung breakthrough |
3.1.3. | Aluminium oxide n type transistor semiconductor |
3.1.4. | Amorphous InGaZnO |
3.1.5. | Gallium-indium hydroxide nanoclusters |
3.1.6. | Gallium arsenide semiconductors for transistors |
3.1.7. | Transfer printing silicon and gallium arsenide on film |
3.1.8. | Silicon nanoparticle ink |
3.1.9. | Molybdenite transistors at EPFL Lausanne |
3.1.10. | Carbon nanotube TFTs at SWeNT |
3.2. | Inorganic dielectrics for transistors |
3.2. | Some of the organisations developing zinc oxide transistors |
3.2. | Example of ZnO based transistor circuit. |
3.2.1. | Solution processed barium titanate nanocomposite |
3.2.2. | Alternative inorganic dielectrics HafSOx etc |
3.2.3. | Hybrid inorganic dielectrics - zirconia |
3.2.4. | Hafnium oxide - latest work |
3.2.5. | Aluminium, lanthanum and other oxides |
3.3. | Hewlett Packard prints aSi backplanes reel to reel |
3.3. | Using a nanolaminate as an e-platform |
3.3. | Some properties of new thin film dielectrics |
3.4. | Benefits and challenges of R2R electronics fabrication |
3.4. | TEM images of solution processed nanolaminates |
3.4. | Inorganic transistors on paper |
3.5. | Progress Towards p-type Metal Oxide Semiconductors |
3.5. | Cross-sectional schematic view of an amorphous oxide TFT |
3.5. | Printing choices |
3.6. | Transparent and flexible active matrix backplanes fabricated on PEN films |
3.6. | High-Mobility Ambipolar Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Transistors |
3.7. | Hybrid inorganic/organic transistors and memory |
3.7. | Molecular precursors synthesized at the University of Oregon |
3.7.1. | Resistive switching |
3.7.2. | Oxides as anodes |
3.8. | Do organic transistors have a future? |
3.8. | Semprius transfer printing |
3.9. | Performance of Kovio's ink versus others by mobility |
3.9. | Latest progress |
3.9.1. | Oxide Semiconductors |
3.9.2. | Carbon Nanotubes |
3.9.3. | Organics |
3.9.4. | Nickel oxide transistors and sensors |
3.9.5. | Inorganic transistors for ubiquitous RFID |
3.9.6. | Others |
3.10. | Road map |
3.11. | Molybdenite transistor from EPFL Lausanne |
3.12. | Hybrid organic-inorganic transistor and right dual dielectric transistor |
3.13. | Web as clean room |
3.14. | The basic imprint lithography process |
3.15. | Zinc oxide transistors printed on to paper |
3.16. | SEM image of p-type ZnO nanowires |
4. | INORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS AND THERMOELECTRIC |
4.1. | Performance criteria and limitations of silicon photovoltaics |
4.1. | Wafer vs thin film photovoltaics |
4.1. | Efficiency vs deliverable output power |
4.2. | Efficiencies for thin film solar cells |
4.2. | Summary of the applicational requirements for the large potential markets |
4.2. | Comparison of photovoltaic technologies |
4.3. | Non-silicon inorganic options |
4.3. | Progress in improving the efficiency of the different types of photovoltaic cell 1975-2011 |
4.3. | Technology comparison between inorganic and other photovoltaic cells on plastic film |
4.3.1. | Lowest cost solar cells - CuSnZnSSe? |
4.3.2. | Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) |
4.3.3. | Gallium arsenide |
4.3.4. | Gallium arsenide - germanium |
4.3.5. | Gallium indium phosphide and gallium indium arsenide |
4.3.6. | Cadmium telluride and cadmium selenide |
4.3.7. | Bismuth ferrite - new principle of operation |
4.3.8. | Porous zinc oxide |
4.3.9. | Polymer-quantum dot devices CdSe, CdSe/ZnS, PbS, PbSe |
4.3.10. | Cuprous oxide PV |
4.3.11. | Other inorganic semiconductors for PV |
4.4. | Inorganic-organic and carbon-organic formulations |
4.4. | Summary of some of the important performance criteria for photovoltaics by type |
4.4. | CIGS photovoltaic cell configuration that is not yet printed. Nanosolar now prints similar structures reel to reel. |
4.4.1. | Titanium dioxide Dye Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC) |
4.4.2. | Zinc oxide DSCC photovoltaics |
4.4.3. | Development of high-performance organic-dye sensitized solar cells |
4.4.4. | Fullerene enhanced polymers |
4.5. | Other recent advances |
4.5. | CIGS-CGS absorber layer |
4.5. | Some recent results for inorganic and organic-fullerene photovoltaic cells |
4.6. | Companies pursuing industrial production of CIGS photovoltaics |
4.6. | Roll to roll production of CIGS on metal or polyimide film |
4.6. | Cobalt, phosphate and ITO to store the energy |
4.7. | Major US funding for thin Si, CIGS/ZnMnO, DSSC photovoltaics |
4.7. | An example of flexible, lightweight CdTe photovoltaics on polymer film |
4.7. | Quantum Dots Available |
4.8. | Typical quantum dot materials from Evident and their likely application. |
4.8. | Mass production of flexible thin film electronic devices using the three generations of technology. |
4.8. | Nanoplasmonic silicon film photovoltaics |
4.9. | A typical DSSC construction |
4.9. | Thin film market share module cost by technology |
4.10. | Solar cell researchers |
4.11. | Fullerene-pentacene photovoltaic device |
4.12. | Advantages of Pulse Thermal Processing (PTP) |
5. | BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS |
5.1. | Printing large rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors |
5.1. | Reel to reel printing of Blue Spark Technologies batteries |
5.1. | Inorganic materials now used for cathodes and anodes of lithium-ion and "rechargeable lithium" (lithium metal rechargeable) batteries |
5.2. | Some examples of marketing thrust for laminar batteries |
5.2. | Carbon zinc thin film battery from Blue Spark Technologies |
5.2. | Applications of laminar batteries |
5.3. | Technology and developers |
5.3. | Inorganic micro-battery development by CEA Liten, illustrating the various chemistries |
5.3. | Shapes of battery for small RFID tags advantages and disadvantages |
5.3.1. | All-inorganic printed lithium electric vehicle battery: Planar Energy |
5.3.2. | Battery overview |
5.3.3. | Blue Spark Technologies, USA |
5.3.4. | CEA Liten |
5.3.5. | Enfucell |
5.3.6. | Imprint |
5.3.7. | Infinite Power Solutions, USA |
5.3.8. | Printed battery research |
5.3.9. | Rocket Electric, Bexel, Samsung, LG Chemicals and micro SKC batteries for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks |
5.3.10. | SCI, USA |
5.3.11. | Showa Denko KK Japan |
5.3.12. | Solicore, USA |
5.3.13. | The Paper Battery Co |
5.3.14. | Zirconium disulphide |
5.4. | Smart skin patches |
5.4. | Examples of suppliers of coin type batteries by country |
5.4. | CEA Liten Li-Ion battery development |
5.5. | The Infinite Power battery is very small |
5.5. | The spectrum of choice of technologies for batteries in smart packaging |
5.5. | Nano metal oxides with carbon create new supercapacitor |
5.6. | Stretchable supercapacitors in 2014-15 |
5.6. | Examples of potential sources of flexible thin film batteries |
5.6. | Infinite Power batteries ready for use |
5.7. | IPS Thinergy rechargeable, solid-state lithium batteries |
5.7. | Examples of universities and research centres developing laminar batteries |
5.8. | The four generations of delivery skin patches |
5.8. | Examples of smart skin patches. |
5.9. | The Estee Lauder smart cosmetic patch with printed inorganic battery and electrodes launched in 2006 a three pack costing $50 and an eight pack costing $100 |
5.9. | Examples of drugs and cosmetics applied by company using iontophoresis |
5.10. | The ultimate dream for smart skin patches for drugs - closed loop automated treatment |
5.11. | Evolution of smart skin patches |
6. | CONDUCTORS, SENSORS, METAMATERIALS AND MEMRISTORS |
6.1. | Silver, indium tin oxide and general comparisons. |
6.1. | Typical SEM images of Copper flake C1 6000F. |
6.1. | Main applications of conductive inks and some major suppliers today |
6.2. | Different options for printing electronics, level of success and examples of companies |
6.2. | Industrial Inkjet Printhead and nano-Cu ink developed by Samsung Electro-Mechanics |
6.2. | Conductor deposition technologies |
6.3. | Breakthroughs in printing copper |
6.3. | Silver-based ink as printed and after curing |
6.3. | Comparison of metal etch (e.g. copper and aluminium) conductor choices |
6.3.1. | Challenges with copper |
6.3.2. | University of Helsinki |
6.3.3. | NanoDynamics |
6.3.4. | Applied Nanotech Holdings |
6.3.5. | Samsung Electro-Mechanics |
6.3.6. | Intrinsiq announces nano copper for printing |
6.3.7. | NovaCentrix |
6.3.8. | Hitachi Chemical |
6.4. | Conductive Inks |
6.4. | Electroless metal plate - Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by wet metal plating |
6.4. | Conductance in ohms per square for the different printable conductive materials compared with bulk metal |
6.5. | Loading for spherical conductive fillers |
6.5. | Electro metal plate - Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by dry metal plating |
6.5. | Progress with new conductive ink chemistries and cure processes |
6.5.1. | Novacentrix PulseForge |
6.6. | Pre-Deposit Images in Metal PDIM |
6.6. | Printable metallic conductors cure at LT e.g. silver based ink |
6.6. | Typical SEM images of CU flake C1 6000F. Copper flake |
6.7. | PolyIC approach to patterned transparent electrodes |
6.7. | Parameters for metal ink choices |
6.7. | Transparent conductors/electrodes by metal patterning and transparent materials |
6.7.1. | Metal patterning |
6.7.2. | Nanocarbon hybrid transparent electrodes |
6.8. | Transparent conductors by growth of metal |
6.8. | Examples of suppliers for metal (mainly silver) PTF inks |
6.8. | Caledon Controls transparent conductive film using printed metal patterning. |
6.9. | Choice of printing technology for RFID antennas today |
6.9. | Examples of companies progressing printed RFID antennas etc |
6.9. | Particle-free silver inks |
6.9.1. | University of Illinois |
6.10. | Printed conductors for RFID tag antennas |
6.10. | Some companies progressing ink jettable conductors |
6.10. | Projected tag assembly costs from Alien Technology in US Cents for volumes of several billions of tags |
6.10.1. | Print resolutions required for high performance RFID tag antennas |
6.10.2. | Process cost comparison |
6.10.3. | RFID tag manufacture consolidation and leaders |
6.11. | Printing wide area sensors and their memory: Polyscene, Polyapply, 3Plast, PriMeBits, Motorola |
6.11. | Fabric memristors |
6.11. | Process Cost Comparison 1 - low volume - GB £ /sq metre web production - Antenna on substrate only |
6.12. | Cost breakdown of an average RFID tag in 2004 and target |
6.12. | Memristors: basis of the human brain |
6.12. | Phase Change Memory, Cu and Ti oxides etc |
6.13. | Printing metamaterials |
6.13. | The test arrays were constructed of an 8×8 grid of transistor-memristor cells |
6.13. | Possibilities for various new printed conductors. |
6.14. | How negative refractive index works |
6.14. | Quantum Tunneling Composites (QTC) |
6.15. | Flexible memristors |
6.15. | How to make a working printed metamaterial |
6.16. | Printed metal patterning to form metamaterial |
6.16. | Company profiles |
6.16.1. | ASK |
6.16.2. | Poly-Flex |
6.16.3. | Avery Dennison |
6.16.4. | Sun Chemical (Coates Circuit Products) |
6.16.5. | Mark Andy |
6.16.6. | InTune (formerly UPM Raflatac) |
6.16.7. | Stork Prints |
6.17. | Aerosol jet printing by Optomec |
6.17. | Flexible memristor |
6.18. | Meco's Flex Antenna Plating (FAP) machine |
6.18. | Electroless plating and electroplating technologies |
6.18.1. | Conductive Inkjet Technology |
6.18.2. | Meco |
6.18.3. | Additive Process Technologies Ltd |
6.18.4. | Ertek |
6.18.5. | Leonhard Kurz |
6.18.6. | Hanita Coatings |
6.19. | Polymer - metal suspensions |
6.19. | APT's FFD prototype can operate faster than 20 meters per minute. |
6.20. | Additive Process Technologies 2 stage process |
6.20. | Comparison of options |
6.21. | Dry Phase Patterning (DPP) |
6.21. | Additive Process Technologies antenna cost |
6.22. | New technology to make conductive patterns |
6.22. | Inorganic biomedical sensors |
6.22.1. | Disposable blocked artery sensors |
6.22.2. | Disposable asthma analysis |
6.23. | Dry Phase Patterned inductor |
7. | NANOTUBES AND NANOWIRES |
7.1. | Nanotubes |
7.1. | Properties and morphology of single walled carbon nanotubes |
7.1. | Charge carrier mobility of carbon nanotubes compared with alternatives |
7.2. | Developers of Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics |
7.2. | Nanotube shrink-wrap from Unidym |
7.2. | At Stanford, nanotubes + ink + paper = instant battery |
7.3. | Carbon Nanotubes and printed electronics |
7.3. | Zinc oxide nanowires generating power |
7.4. | Developers of Carbon Nanotubes for Printed Electronics |
7.5. | Nanorods in photovoltaics |
7.6. | Zinc oxide nanorod semiconductors |
7.7. | Zinc oxide nano-lasers |
7.8. | Indium oxide nanowires |
7.9. | Zinc oxide nanorod piezo power |
7.10. | Zinx oxide piezotronic transistors |
8. | INORGANIC AND HYBRID DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING |
8.1. | AC Electroluminescent |
8.1. | Pelikon's (now MFLEX) prize winning fashion watch |
8.1. | Advantages and disadvantages of electrophoretic displays |
8.1.1. | Fully flexible electroluminescent displays |
8.1.2. | Watch displays |
8.1.3. | MorphTouch™ from MFLEX |
8.1.4. | Electroluminescent and other printed displays |
8.2. | Comparison between OLEDs and E-Ink of various parameters |
8.2. | An example of an elumin8 electroluminescent display |
8.2. | Thermochromic |
8.2.1. | Heat generation and sensitivity |
8.2.2. | Duracell battery testers |
8.3. | Experimental game printed on beer pack by VTT Technology of Finland |
8.3. | Electrophoretic |
8.3.1. | Background |
8.3.2. | Applications of E-paper displays |
8.3.3. | Electrochromic E-Paper using ZnO Nanowire Array |
8.3.4. | The Killer Application |
8.4. | Duracell battery testing chipless label - front and reverse view |
8.4. | Colour electrophoretics |
8.5. | Inorganic LED lighting and hybrid OLED |
8.5. | Principle of operation of electrophoretic displays |
8.5.1. | Nth Degree Technologies - printing LED lighting |
8.5.2. | Tungsten oxide OLED Hole Transport layer |
8.6. | E-paper displays on a magazine sold in the US in October 2008 |
8.6. | Affordable electronic window shutters |
8.7. | Quantum dot lighting and displays |
8.7. | Retail Shelf Edge Labels from UPM |
8.8. | Secondary display on a cell phone |
8.9. | Scheme of the fabricated e-paper nanostructure based on ZnO nanowires |
8.10. | Photo image of (a) bleached, and (b) color state of the flexible ZnO nanowire electrode |
8.11. | Electronic paper from Fujitsu |
9. | COMPANY PROFILES |
9.1. | Semiconductor development at Evonik |
9.1. | Boeing Spectrolab |
9.2. | Cambrios |
9.2. | Target range for mobility and processing temperature of semiconductors. |
9.3. | Transfer characteristics of gen3 semiconductor system |
9.3. | DaiNippon Printing |
9.4. | Evonik |
9.4. | Current efficiency of a Novaled PIN OLEDTM stack on an inkjet printed, transparent conductive ITO anode. |
9.5. | G24i has a new UK factory printing titanium oxide photovoltaics |
9.5. | G24i |
9.6. | Hewlett Packard |
9.6. | G24i's advanced solar technology vs traditional polycrystalline |
9.7. | Inks developed by InkTec |
9.7. | InkTec |
9.8. | ITRI Taiwan |
9.8. | InkTec Printing methods |
9.9. | NanoGram's Laser Reactive Deposition (LRD) technology |
9.9. | Kovio Inc |
9.10. | Miasolé |
9.10. | NanoMas technology |
9.11. | Printed Flexible Circuits from Soligie |
9.11. | NanoForge |
9.12. | Nanogram Teijin |
9.12. | Capabilities of Soligie |
9.13. | Printed electronics from Soligie |
9.13. | NanoMas Technologies |
9.14. | Peratech |
9.14. | Printing presses used for printing electronics at Soligie |
9.15. | An e-label from Soligie |
9.15. | Samsung |
9.16. | Soligie |
9.16. | A flexible display sample |
9.17. | Printed electronics samples |
9.17. | Toppan Forms |
10. | TIMELINES, SIZING OF OPPORTUNITIES AND MARKET FORECASTS |
10.1. | Market forecasts 2014-2024 |
10.1. | The market for inorganic versus organic electronics defined by chemistry of key element 2014 2024 |
10.1. | The market for inorganic versus organic electronics defined by chemistry of key element 2014 2024 |
10.2. | Percentage share as a whole of the market 2014-2024 |
10.2. | Percentage share as a whole of the market 2014-2024 |
10.2. | Materials |
10.3. | Devices |
10.3. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2014-2024 in billions of dollars |
10.3. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2014-2024 |
10.3.1. | Photovoltaics |
10.3.2. | Other products |
10.4. | Market forecast by component type for 2014-2024 in US $ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites |
10.4. | Market forecast by component type for 2014-2024 in US $ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites |
10.5. | Technical challenges for the next ten year to improvement of FDICD capabilities |
10.5. | Market size for thin film photovoltaic technologies beyond silicon technologies % of the market that is printed and flexible |
10.6. | Facts about media |
10.7. | SM Products Road Map |
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS | |
IDTECHEX CONSULTANCY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 296 |
---|---|
Tables | 52 |
Figures | 118 |
Companies | 50+ |
Forecasts to | 2024 |