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| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | |
| 1. | INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1. | Types of packaging |
| 1.1. | Bioett first customers |
| 1.1. | Dependent elderly as percentage of total population |
| 1.1.1. | Demographic timebomb |
| 1.2. | Scrolling display on Kent cigarettes |
| 1.2. | Potential use of packages in exploiting and mimicking human senses. |
| 1.2. | Examples of e-packaging and related uses with human interface |
| 1.2.1. | Tigerprint printed electronic greeting cards by Nano ePrint, Novalia |
| 1.2.2. | Kent cigarettes scrolling display |
| 1.2.3. | Talking pill compliance kit by MeadWestvaco |
| 1.2.4. | Hitachi monochrome reprogrammable phone decoration |
| 1.2.5. | Hewlett Packard and Kent Displays color reprogrammable phone decoration |
| 1.2.6. | Coyopa Rum winking segments |
| 1.2.7. | National Football League/Mangia Media talking pizza boxes |
| 1.2.8. | Duracell batteries with integral battery tester |
| 1.2.9. | News Corporation |
| 1.2.10. | McDonalds place mats |
| 1.2.11. | Westpoint Stevens animation and sound |
| 1.2.12. | Hasbro and Character Visions board games become animated |
| 1.2.13. | Hallmark interactive tablecloth |
| 1.2.14. | National Institutes of Health/Fisher Scientific compliance monitoring blisterpack |
| 1.2.15. | Novartis/Compliers Group/DCM compliance monitoring blisterpack laminate |
| 1.2.16. | Bang & Olufsen Medicom smart blisterpack dispenser |
| 1.2.17. | ACREO winking sign |
| 1.2.18. | Aardex compliance monitoring plastic bottle |
| 1.2.19. | CVS and other pharmacies across the USA - talking medicine |
| 1.2.20. | Coca-Cola talking prizes |
| 1.2.21. | VTT Technology beer package game |
| 1.2.22. | Procter and Gamble electronic cosmetic pack |
| 1.2.23. | Cookie heater pack |
| 1.3. | Reprogrammable electrophoretic decoration on Hitachi mobile phones only needs power when being changed |
| 1.3. | Examples of e-packaging without human interface |
| 1.3.1. | Findus Bioett time temperature label |
| 1.3.2. | Wal-Mart/Tyco ADT anti-theft |
| 1.3.3. | Healthcare shippers/KSW Microtec time temperature recorders |
| 1.3.4. | Reckitt Benkiser fly seeking spray |
| 1.3.5. | Tesco & Metro/Alien Technology RFID for tracking |
| 1.3.6. | Kuopio University Hospital blisterpack with electronic feedback buttons |
| 1.3.7. | AstraZeneca Trizivir |
| 1.3.8. | Purdue Pharma Oxycontin |
| 1.3.9. | Pfizer Viagra |
| 1.3.10. | Swedish Postal Service and Deutsche Post theft detection |
| 1.3.11. | Massachusetts General Hospital blood |
| 1.3.12. | Jackson Healthcare Hospitals/Awarepoint real time locating systems |
| 1.3.13. | Why e-packaging has been slow to appear |
| 1.3.14. | Inadequate market research |
| 1.3.15. | Lack of market pull |
| 1.3.16. | Wrong priorities by developers - engineering led design |
| 1.3.17. | Inadequate cost reduction |
| 1.3.18. | Odd inventions not economy of scale/hardware platforms |
| 1.3.19. | Failure to solve technical problems |
| 1.3.20. | Legal constraints |
| 1.4. | Reprogrammable color display on phone |
| 1.4. | Why progress is now much faster |
| 1.4.1. | Using the nine human senses |
| 1.4.2. | AstraZeneca Diprivan chipless RFID |
| 1.5. | Duracell batteries/Avery Dennison tester |
| 1.5. | Why basic hardware platforms are essential |
| 1.5.1. | Argument for printing standard circuits |
| 1.5.2. | Touch and hearing |
| 1.5.3. | Smell |
| 1.6. | National Institutes of Health/Fisher Scientific compliance monitoring blisterpack for Azithromycin trials, made by Information Mediary |
| 1.7. | Compliers Group/ DCM compliance monitoring blisterpack overlay with RFID |
| 1.8. | Bang & Olufsen Medicom compliance monitoring dispenser. |
| 1.9. | Aardex electronic plastic bottle for drug tablets |
| 1.10. | Pill bottle with smart label (printed prescription label not shown) |
| 1.11. | ScripTalk speaker |
| 1.12. | VTT Technology beer package game |
| 1.13. | Electrostatic cosmetic spray |
| 1.14. | The ionisation technology used for the application of the foundation is illustrated below. |
| 1.15. | Bioett biosensor TTR |
| 1.16. | Electrostatic insect-seeking fly spray in use |
| 1.17. | Can of insect-seeking fly spray |
| 1.18. | Knockdown efficiency of SmartSeeker® |
| 1.19. | Compliance monitoring blisterpack with electronic feedback |
| 1.20. | Tamper recording postal package |
| 1.21. | Paling Risk Scale for major transfusion hazards |
| 1.22. | SHOT project: cumulative data 1996 to 2001 |
| 1.23. | Increasing errors within hospitals |
| 1.24. | Safe transfusion: Processes not just product |
| 1.25. | Automated warning generated when a possible mis-match of blood and patient occurs |
| 1.26. | RFID on blood container, next to interrogator |
| 1.27. | Blood labelled with RFID chip |
| 1.28. | Some successes with packaging electronics that does not employ transistors |
| 1.29. | Fully printed passive RFID, HurraFussball card bottom right |
| 1.30. | Talking/ recording circuit as used in pizza boxes and gift cards, including Hallmark |
| 1.31. | Talking circuit as used in pizza boxes and gift cards |
| 1.32. | Hybrid devices used in packages, where the use of non-printing processes, silicon chips and some conventional components limits their success due to price, weight and size. |
| 1.33. | Remotely powered displays that could be used in packaging but a fully printed construction for the power supply not just the display is desirable for high volume use |
| 1.34. | Box of cereal with moving colour displays as envisaged in "Minority Report" |
| 1.35. | Objectives of the EC Sustainpack project |
| 1.36. | Paper food package with printed touch sensor and animated display with sound playback produced under the Sustainpack project. |
| 1.37. | Diprivan® TCI tag construction |
| 1.38. | Tagged syringe and Diprifusor™ |
| 1.39. | Learning from experience with the silicon chip |
| 1.40. | How printed standard platforms will progress |
| 1.41. | Progress towards labels with many components printed on top of each other to provides multiple functionality such as the detergent that has sound and a winking logo. |
| 1.42. | Interactive paper |
| 1.43. | Touch-sensor pads and wiring printed in interactive paper |
| 1.44. | Experimental set up and demonstration |
| 1.45. | Pressure sensitive film used in smart blisterpack by Plastic Electronic |
| 2. | THE NEED FOR ELECTRONICS IN PACKAGING |
| 2.1. | CDT arguments for printed OLEDs |
| 2.1. | Safety |
| 2.2. | Security and reducing crime |
| 2.2. | Interactive shelf-package concept |
| 2.3. | Concept of a disposable pack that can project a moving colour image onto a wall. |
| 2.3. | Uniqueness/ product differentiation |
| 2.4. | Convenience |
| 2.4. | Speaking pot noodle that detects the hot water being applied and then monitors temperature or time. |
| 2.5. | Toppan Forms smart shop |
| 2.5. | Leveraging the brand with extra functions, brand enhancement |
| 2.6. | Merchandising and increasing sales |
| 2.6. | Concept of a valuable packaging tearoff. |
| 2.6.2. | Attracting attention |
| 2.6.3. | Rewards |
| 2.7. | Entertainment |
| 2.8. | Error Prevention |
| 2.9. | Environmental aspects of disposal |
| 2.10. | Environmental quality control within the package |
| 2.11. | Quality Assurance |
| 2.12. | Consumer feedback |
| 2.13. | Removing tedious procedures |
| 2.14. | Cost reduction, efficiency and automated data collection |
| 3. | THE MAGIC THAT IS BECOMING POSSIBLE |
| 3.1. | Card with no battery, the image being illuminated by RF power from an RFID reader |
| 3.1.1. | New printed electronics products from Toppan Forms |
| 3.1.2. | Solar bags |
| 3.1.3. | Smart substrates |
| 3.1.4. | Transparent and invisible electronics |
| 3.1.5. | Tightly rollable electronics |
| 3.1.6. | Fault tolerant electronics |
| 3.1.7. | Stretchable and morphing electronics |
| 3.1.8. | Edible electronics |
| 3.1.9. | Electronics as art |
| 3.1.10. | Origami electronics |
| 3.1.11. | The package becomes the delivery mechanism |
| 3.1.12. | Electronic release, dispensing and consumer information |
| 3.2. | Flashing flexible OLED display at point of purchase POP |
| 3.3. | Light emitting business card with images that light up sequentially |
| 3.4. | Solar powered photo stand |
| 3.5. | Flat sheet type of charger that is flexible |
| 3.6. | OLED posters powered by flexible photovoltaics |
| 3.7. | Light emitting display with audio all powered by ambient light |
| 3.8. | Poster with electrophoretic display counting down to the arrival date of Beaujolais Nouveau. |
| 3.9. | Poster combining flashing LED with Toppan Forms Audio PaperTM sound |
| 3.10. | Battery charging brief case with organic flexible photovoltaic panel |
| 3.11. | Neuber's solar bag |
| 3.12. | Lamborghini solar bag |
| 3.13. | Mascotte DSSC solar bag |
| 3.14. | Odersun solar bag |
| 3.15. | Transparent electronics - a new packaging paradigm |
| 3.16. | Stretchable electronics developed at Cambridge University UK |
| 3.17. | Stretchable mesh of transistors connected by elastic conductors that were made at the University of Tokyo. |
| 3.18. | Reshaped electronics developed at Cambridge University UK. |
| 3.19. | Origami electronics |
| 3.20. | eFlow nebuliser as used by AstraZeneca - a candidate for cost reduction to the point where it is disposable and comes with the drug inside. |
| 4. | BASIC HARDWARE PLATFORMS NEEDED BY THE MARKET |
| 4.1. | Ink in Motion |
| 4.1. | Winking image label |
| 4.2. | Talking label |
| 4.2. | Voice recording gift tag by Talking Tags |
| 4.3. | Concept of a drug container that prompts |
| 4.3. | Recording talking label |
| 4.4. | Scrolling text label |
| 4.4. | Concept of a voice recording gift pack. |
| 4.5. | Manually activated disposable paper timer for packaging |
| 4.5. | Timer |
| 4.6. | Self adjusting use by date |
| 4.6. | Concept of an electronic package that has a blinking display and various safety sensors. |
| 4.7. | Concept of packaging preventing a health risk |
| 4.7. | Other sensing electronics |
| 4.8. | Moving color picture label |
| 4.8. | Electronic printed pain relief patch electronically delivering painkiller |
| 4.9. | Drug and cosmetic delivery system |
| 4.10. | Ultra low cost printed RFID/EAS label |
| 5. | PRECURSORS OF IMPENDING E-PACKAGING CAPABILITIES |
| 5.1. | Coming down market |
| 5.1. | Examples of electronic devices coming down market with packaging a next possibility |
| 5.2. | T-Ink and all the senses |
| 6. | THE TOOLKIT OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR E-PACKAGING |
| 6.1. | Comparison between OLEDs and E-Ink of various parameters |
| 6.1. | Challenges of traditional components |
| 6.1. | Evolution of printed electronics geometry |
| 6.2. | Multilayer interconnect development at Holst Research Centre |
| 6.2. | Printed and potentially printed electronics |
| 6.2. | Advantages and disadvantages of some options for supplying electricity to small devices |
| 6.2.1. | Successes so far |
| 6.2.2. | Materials employed |
| 6.2.3. | Printing technology employed |
| 6.2.4. | Multiple film then components printed on top of each other |
| 6.3. | Paper vs plastic substrates vs direct printing onto packaging |
| 6.3. | TFT Structure Completely by Selective Area ALD |
| 6.3. | Comparison of flexible photovoltaics technologies suitable for brand enhancement |
| 6.3.1. | Paper vs plastic substrates |
| 6.3.2. | Electronic displays that can be printed on any surface |
| 6.4. | Transistors and memory inorganic |
| 6.4. | Categories of organic semiconductor with examples and a picture of a Plastic Logic printed organic transistor |
| 6.4. | Printed and thin film battery product and specification comparison |
| 6.4.1. | Nanosilicon ink |
| 6.4.2. | Zinc oxide based ink |
| 6.5. | Transistors and memory organic |
| 6.5. | The principle behind E-Ink's technology |
| 6.5. | Printed battery materials comparison |
| 6.6. | The half cell and overall chemical reactions that occur in a Zn/MnO2 battery |
| 6.6. | Electrophoretic display on Esquire magazine October 2008 |
| 6.6. | Displays |
| 6.6.1. | Electrophoretic |
| 6.6.2. | Thermochromic |
| 6.6.3. | Electrochromic |
| 6.6.4. | Printed LCD |
| 6.6.5. | OLED |
| 6.6.6. | Electrowetting |
| 6.7. | Energy harvesting for packaging |
| 6.7. | Electrophoretic display on pricing label |
| 6.7. | Comparison of the three types of capacitor when storing one kilojoule of energy. |
| 6.7.2. | Photovoltaics |
| 6.7.3. | Other |
| 6.8. | Batteries |
| 6.8. | Electrophoretic display on key fob |
| 6.8. | Examples of energy density figures for batteries, supercapacitors and other energy sources |
| 6.8.2. | Single use laminar batteries |
| 6.8.3. | Rechargeable laminar batteries |
| 6.8.4. | New shapes - laminar and flexible batteries |
| 6.9. | Transparent batteries and photovoltaics - NEC, Waseda University, AIST |
| 6.9. | Shelf edge labels using electrophoretic displays |
| 6.9. | Where supercapacitors fit in |
| 6.10. | Color electrophoretics by Fujitsu |
| 6.10. | Other important flexible components now available |
| 6.10.1. | Capacitors and supercapacitors |
| 6.11. | Applications |
| 6.11. | Game in secondary packaging by VTT Technology using thermochromic display |
| 6.11.2. | Resistors |
| 6.11.3. | Conductive patterns for antennas, identification, keyboards etc. |
| 6.11.4. | Programming at manufacturer, purchaser or end user |
| 6.12. | New types of component - thin and flexible |
| 6.12. | ACREO PEDOT PSS electrochromic blue display with limited bistable capability. A different message appears when the reverse nine volts is applied. |
| 6.12.1. | Memristors |
| 6.12.2. | Metamaterials |
| 6.12.3. | Thin film lasers, supercabatteries, fuel cells |
| 6.13. | Aveso display before the 1.5 volts bias is applied |
| 6.14. | Aveso display after the 1.5 volts bias is applied |
| 6.15. | How traditional electrochromic ink works |
| 6.16. | How Commotion proprietary inks work |
| 6.17. | Color LCD by photo alignment |
| 6.18. | Photo alignment of LCD |
| 6.19. | The HKUST optical rewriting |
| 6.20. | Color printable flexible LCD |
| 6.21. | Basic structure of an OLED |
| 6.22. | Process flow in manufacture of OLEDs |
| 6.23. | A Cambridge Display Technology colour OLED display |
| 6.24. | Comparison of different printing techniques for OLED frontplanes, as evaluated by Seiko Epson |
| 6.25. | Droplet driven electrowetting displays from adt, Germany |
| 6.26. | Energy harvesting challenges |
| 6.27. | Rapid progress in the capabilities of small electronic devices and their photovoltaic energy harvesting contrasted with more modest progress in improving the batteries they employ |
| 6.28. | Power in use vs duty cycle for portable and mobile devices showing zones of use of single use vs rechargeable batteries |
| 6.29. | Enfucell SoftBattery™ |
| 6.30. | Blue Spark laminar battery |
| 6.31. | Blue Spark battery printing machine |
| 6.32. | Power Paper battery cross section |
| 6.33. | Power paper battery and skin patch |
| 6.34. | Power Paper battery printing machine |
| 6.35. | Smart patches |
| 6.36. | Volumetric energy density vs gravimetric energy density for rechargeable batteries |
| 6.37. | Laminar lithium ion battery |
| 6.38. | Typical active RFID tag showing the problematic coin cells |
| 6.39. | Construction of a lithium rechargeable laminar battery |
| 6.40. | Reel to reel construction of rechargeable laminar lithium batteries |
| 6.41. | Infinite Power Solutions laminar lithium battery |
| 6.42. | Ultra thin lithium rechargeable battery |
| 6.43. | Construction of a thin-film battery |
| 6.44. | Battery assisted passive RFID label with rechargeable thin film lithium battery recording time-temperature profile of food, blood etc in transit |
| 6.45. | Flexible battery made of nanotube ink |
| 6.46. | Transparent flexible photovoltaics |
| 6.47. | Flexible battery that charges in one minute |
| 6.48. | E-labels with capacitor and no battery |
| 6.49. | Energy density vs power density for storage devices |
| 6.50. | Laminar supercapacitor one millimeter thick |
| 6.51. | Mobile phone modified to give much brighter flash thanks to supercapacitor outlined in red |
| 6.52. | Flexographically printed carbon resistors with silver interconnects |
| 6.53. | Actuator/ push button - two printed patterns folded together |
| 6.54. | Screen printed interconnects and actuator connects. |
| 6.55. | Other printed conductor pattern demonstrators |
| 6.56. | Menippos gaming card showing conductive pattern |
| 6.57. | Copper ink particles |
| 6.58. | Programmability of potential e-labels through the value chain |
| 6.59. | Memristor |
| 6.60. | Microwave metamaterial |
| 7. | SUPPLIER AND DEVELOPER PROFILES |
| 7.1. | Distribution and primary focus of 2250 developers of printed and potentially printed electronics. Many are developing a variety of printed components, their machinery or their materials. |
| 7.1. | ACREO |
| 7.2. | BASF |
| 7.2. | Paper roulette card with simulated spinning wheel for game |
| 7.3. | ACREO development process |
| 7.3. | Blue Spark Technologies USA |
| 7.4. | CapXX Australia |
| 7.4. | ACREO Technology |
| 7.5. | ACREO microphones |
| 7.5. | Cymbet USA |
| 7.6. | DSM Innovation |
| 7.6. | ACREO sensors |
| 7.7. | ACREO production |
| 7.7. | Enfucell Finland |
| 7.8. | Excellatron USA |
| 7.8. | ACREO focus on e-packaging |
| 7.9. | Demonstrator organic transistor |
| 7.9. | Fraunhofer Research Institution for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS) |
| 7.10. | Front Edge Technology USA |
| 7.10. | The Cymbet EnerChip™ |
| 7.11. | Thin-film solid-state batteries by Excellatron |
| 7.11. | Holst Centre Netherlands |
| 7.12. | Infinite Power Solutions USA |
| 7.12. | Ultra low cost printed battery |
| 7.13. | NanoEnergy® powering a blue LED |
| 7.13. | Infratab |
| 7.14. | Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology |
| 7.14. | DSP= digital signal processing. |
| 7.15. | New time temperature recording label from Infratab |
| 7.15. | Konarka |
| 7.16. | Kovio |
| 7.16. | Conventional and integrated OPV |
| 7.17. | NTERA electrochromic display on flexible film |
| 7.17. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA |
| 7.18. | Mitsubishi |
| 7.18. | New Planar Energy Devices high capacity laminar battery |
| 7.19. | PolyIC organic transistor circuits |
| 7.19. | Nano ePrint |
| 7.20. | NanoGram |
| 7.20. | Prelonic produces integrated and printed electronic modules |
| 7.21. | Prelonic Translator Module |
| 7.21. | National Renewable Energy Laboratory USA |
| 7.22. | NEC Japan |
| 7.22. | Prelonic printed battery tester |
| 7.23. | Flexion ™ |
| 7.23. | New University of Lisbon |
| 7.24. | NTERA |
| 7.24. | Waseda founder |
| 7.25. | Oak Ridge National Laboratory USA |
| 7.26. | Panasonic Japan |
| 7.27. | Planar Energy Devices USA |
| 7.28. | Plextronics |
| 7.29. | PolyIC |
| 7.30. | Power Paper |
| 7.31. | Prelonic Technologies |
| 7.32. | Solarmer |
| 7.33. | Solicore USA |
| 7.34. | Soligie |
| 7.35. | Sony Japan |
| 7.36. | Waseda University |
| 8. | MARKET FORECASTS 2010-2020 |
| 8.1. | Consumer goods market for e-packaging 2010-2020 |
| 8.1. | Ultimate market potential |
| 8.1. | Cost per square centimeter and functionality |
| 8.2. | Consumer goods market for e-packaging devices in numbers billion 2010-2020 |
| 8.2. | E-packaging market 2010-2020 |
| 8.2. | Total market for e-packaging 2010-2020 in billions of units |
| 8.3. | Global market for electronic smart packaging based on EAS or RFID in billions of units 2010-2020 |
| 8.3. | Beyond brand enhancement |
| 8.3. | Total market for e-packaging 2010-2020 in billions of units by market sector |
| 8.4. | Global market for electronic smart packaging based on EAS and RFID in billions of units 2010-2020 |
| 8.4. | Pharmaceutical packaging market |
| 8.4. | Examples of possible sales of electronic smart packaging features in 2015. Usually it will be one per package but not always |
| 8.5. | Growth of pharmaceutical packaging industry globally, 2003 to 2014, in billions of US dollars |
| 8.5. | Printed electronics market 2009-2019 |
| 8.5. | Market for printed and potentially printed electronics in 2009 |
| 8.6. | Battery market for small devices |
| 8.6. | Split of small device battery market in 2019 by type, giving number, unit value, total value |
| APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY | |
| APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
| Pages | 287 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 17 |
| Figures | 169 |
| Companies | 36 |
| Forecasts to | 2020 |