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Electric and Hybrid Boats and Ships 2019-2029
Ferries, Offshore Support Vessels, Tugboats, Fishing Boats, Cruise Ships, Ocean-going Trading Vessels, Recreational Boating
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Whilst diesel and gasoline-powered vessels currently dominate maritime transportation, the market for pure electric and hybrid boats and ships is growing rapidly. The industry is facing an inflection point as vessel operators are driven by a plethora of restrictions surrounding emissions of NOx and SOx, as well as greenhouse gases such as CO2. They are also beginning to understand the value proposition of installing a system powered solely or in part by a battery, which leads to a game-changing reduction in fuel costs against a backdrop of rising oil prices.
Note: Numbers refer to the amount of passenger cars needed for equivalent emissions of one vessel. Source: DNG.VL
Whereas carbon emission regulations are concerned with global warming, the concern with emissions of NOx, SOx and particulates is for local pollution and human health. Amsterdam is one city to have a policy that requires every commercial ship to be zero-emissions on its canals by 2020 or 2025, depending on its size. California has at-berth restrictions for emissions from trading vessels in the ports of Los Angles, Long Beach, Oakland, San Diego, San Francisco and Hueneme.
By volume, recreational boating represents the largest and fastest transformation. The trend for inland water vessels, and other small pleasure and leisure vessels, is that they can jump straight to pure electric versions due to the short ranges required, and potential for opportunity charging. There is also a trend towards pure electric ferries, which have very well-defined routes and predictable operation making it easy to size the battery and plan when to charge (e.g. during loading / offloading). As a result, Ferries have become a testbed for a variety of energy storage technologies, including supercapacitors and fuel cells as well as batteries.
Another area of rapid growth is Offshore Support Vessels (OSVs). According to Corvus Energy, a leading maritime battery provider, there has been a surge in demand for hybrid OSVs as batteries have been used to replace one of four diesel engines: by replacing engines, fuel savings are made by between 15 - 30 percent. In the future it is likely that all new builds of OSVs will be hybrids.
The new report on 'Electric and Hybrid Boats and Ships' provides forecasts up to 2029 broken down by vessel type (Ferry, Offshore Support Vessel, Tugboat, Fishing, Cruise, Trading) and industry segment (Recreational, Commercial, Industrial). It presents our analysis, highlights trends and gives our opinion on what's driving the transition with details based on primary research from interviews, company visits to players around the globe, and our network of contacts.
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Marine segments |
| 1.2. | Introduction |
| 1.3. | A hundred years in the making |
| 1.4. | Drivers |
| 1.5. | Drivers: fuel economy |
| 1.6. | Emissions reduction study |
| 1.7. | Benefits of battery technology - Summary |
| 1.8. | Summary of benefits |
| 1.9. | Fuel cost savings and ROI |
| 1.10. | Roadblocks to marine electrification |
| 1.11. | Shipping emissions |
| 1.12. | Forecast for electric and hybrid vessels (thousands) |
| 1.13. | Forecast for electric and hybrid vessels ($ billion) |
| 1.14. | Forecast by electric and hybrid vessel type (ferry, tugboat, OSV, industrial / trading, cruise) |
| 1.15. | Forecast numbers |
| 1.16. | Assumptions and analysis |
| 1.17. | Marine battery pack price forecast |
| 1.18. | Corvus Energy: battery deployment by vessel type |
| 2. | MARITIME POLICY, REGULATIONS AND TARGETS |
| 2.1. | Maritime regulations |
| 2.2. | SOx reductions more important than NOx |
| 2.3. | Annex VI |
| 2.4. | Annex VI - Sulphur |
| 2.5. | Low-sulphur fuel prices |
| 2.6. | Annex VI - NOx |
| 2.7. | Scrubbers |
| 2.8. | US seeks late change to sulphur-cap fuel rules |
| 2.9. | CO2 target for shipping |
| 2.10. | U.S. |
| 2.11. | Asia |
| 2.12. | Europe: Amsterdam zero emission canals |
| 3. | RECREATIONAL BOATING AND HIGH-END LEISURE |
| 3.1. | What is a recreational watercraft? |
| 3.2. | Overview of motor types |
| 3.3. | Recreational boat market |
| 3.4. | Regional outboard sales |
| 3.5. | ICOMIA Survey |
| 3.6. | Electric motor technology choices |
| 3.7. | Trolling motors |
| 3.8. | Conventional outboard companies |
| 3.9. | Outboard emissions |
| 3.10. | Torqeedo |
| 3.11. | Torqeedo motor range |
| 3.12. | Electric outboard price |
| 3.13. | Shaft power versus propulsive power |
| 3.14. | Electric propeller |
| 3.15. | Torqeedo storage systems |
| 3.16. | Outboard-powered ferry |
| 3.17. | Oceanvolt |
| 3.18. | OceanVolt motors |
| 3.19. | Hull efficiency zones |
| 3.20. | Aquawatt |
| 3.21. | Selected examples |
| 3.21.1. | Aquawatt 550 Elliniko |
| 3.21.2. | Duffy - 16 Sport Cat Lake Series |
| 3.21.3. | Savannah - superyacht |
| 3.21.4. | 006 Yacht |
| 3.21.5. | Hybrid-electric Tag 60 yacht |
| 4. | COMMERCIAL (NON-TRADING) |
| 4.1.1. | Navigating shipping terms |
| 4.1.2. | Electric and hybrid vessel configurations |
| 4.1.3. | Hybrid battery propulsion |
| 4.1.4. | Efficient hybrid battery propulsion |
| 4.1.5. | Battery propulsion |
| 4.1.6. | Low load is inefficient |
| 4.1.7. | Fuel efficiency calculation |
| 4.1.8. | Wartsila: hybrid engine profile |
| 4.2. | Offshore support vessels |
| 4.2.1. | Types of offshore support vessels |
| 4.2.2. | The uses of offshore support vessels |
| 4.2.3. | OSV: the global fleet |
| 4.2.4. | Offshore support vessel oversupply |
| 4.2.5. | The spike for hybrid OSVs |
| 4.2.6. | In the news |
| 4.3. | Tugboats |
| 4.3.1. | Tugboat definition and market size |
| 4.3.2. | Electric tugboat projects tracked by IDTechEx |
| 4.3.3. | Kotug and Corvus Energy |
| 4.3.4. | Tugboat operational profile |
| 4.4. | Fishing |
| 4.4.1. | High-seas fishing |
| 4.4.2. | Fishing in Europe |
| 4.4.3. | Fishing relies on subsidies |
| 4.4.4. | Leo Greentier Marines: electric fishing boats in Asia |
| 4.4.5. | Leo Greetier Marines |
| 4.4.6. | Cutting Norway's Emissions with Electric Fishing Boats |
| 4.5. | Ferries |
| 4.5.1. | Ferries, the addressable market |
| 4.5.2. | Electric and hybrid ferries: regional market share |
| 4.5.3. | Short routes |
| 4.5.4. | Ferries in Norway |
| 4.5.5. | Fuel economy for electric ferries |
| 4.5.6. | Scandlines |
| 4.5.7. | Scandlines timeline for electrification |
| 4.5.8. | Scandlines battery price |
| 4.5.9. | Scandlines Hybrid Ferry Inverter |
| 4.6. | Selected examples of e-ferry projects |
| 4.6.1. | Leclanché e-ferry |
| 4.6.2. | Supercapacitor ferry |
| 4.6.3. | The Prius of the Sea - battery hybrid ferry |
| 4.6.4. | Ampere |
| 4.6.5. | Corvus Energy Case Study in Norway |
| 4.6.6. | Green City Ferries: Innovation on Swedish waterways |
| 4.6.7. | Ferry Conversion: M/S Prinsesse Benedikte |
| 4.6.8. | HH Ferries Group conversion |
| 5. | INDUSTRIAL (TRADING) |
| 5.1.1. | Seaborne trade and the global economy |
| 5.1.2. | Global economy and demand for shipping |
| 5.1.3. | Shipbuilding is cycle |
| 5.1.4. | Trading vessel fleet |
| 5.1.5. | Shipbuilding by country 2017 |
| 5.1.6. | Hyundai Heavy Industries |
| 5.1.7. | Hyundai Heavy partners with Magna E-Car |
| 5.1.8. | Ship pricing |
| 5.1.9. | Electric and hybrid trading vessels |
| 5.2. | Selected examples |
| 5.2.1. | First electric tanker - moving beyond ferries |
| 5.2.2. | First pure electric container ship |
| 5.2.3. | 6.7MWh pure electric barges? |
| 6. | PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY |
| 6.1. | Which technologies are adopted? |
| 6.2. | Diesel |
| 6.3. | Diesel-electric or hybrid propulsion |
| 6.4. | Gas turbine |
| 6.5. | Water-jet propulsion |
| 6.6. | Gas fuel or tri-fuel propulsion |
| 6.7. | Steam turbine |
| 6.8. | Biofuel |
| 6.9. | Wind |
| 6.10. | Norsepower Rotor Sail Specification |
| 6.11. | Solar Propulsion |
| 7. | OVERVIEW OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES |
| 7.1. | Why are marine batteries different? |
| 7.2. | DNG.VL Type approval |
| 7.3. | Safety - pause for thought? |
| 7.4. | Thermal runaway |
| 7.5. | Orca ESS |
| 7.6. | Battery types: lead-acid and leapfrogging NiMH |
| 7.7. | The Li-ion advantage |
| 7.8. | Comparison of specific energy and energy density of various battery systems |
| 7.9. | What is a Li-ion battery (LIB)? |
| 7.10. | A family tree of batteries - lithium-based |
| 7.11. | Standard cathode materials |
| 7.12. | Conventional versus advanced Li-ion? |
| 7.13. | Li-ion battery cathodes |
| 7.14. | Cathode alternatives - NCA |
| 7.15. | Li-ion battery cathode recap |
| 7.16. | LTO anode -- Toshiba |
| 7.17. | Commercial battery packaging technologies |
| 7.18. | Battery packaging technologies |
| 7.19. | Differences between cell, module, and pack |
| 7.20. | Strings |
| 7.21. | ESS in shipping containers |
| 7.22. | LIB manufacturing system - from cell to module |
| 7.23. | Cooling systems for LIB |
| 7.24. | Current challenges facing Li-ion batteries |
| 7.25. | Li-ion challenges |
| 7.26. | Key marine battery suppliers |
| 7.27. | ESS company market share |
| 7.28. | Battery Chemistry Market Share |
| 7.29. | Marine battery pack price forecast |
| 7.30. | Corvus Energy |
| 7.31. | Corvus Energy Orca ESS |
| 7.32. | Second life marine batteries? |
| 7.33. | Corvus Energy: progress and projects by vessel type |
| 7.34. | Spear Power Systems |
| 7.35. | Spear Power Systems: choosing the right battery |
| 7.36. | Akasol |
| 7.37. | Leclanché |
| 7.38. | Leclanché: LTO Rack |
| 7.39. | Leclanché: NMC Rack |
| 7.40. | Xalt Energy - marine storage systems |
| 7.41. | Case study: XALT's ESS for a Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) |
| 7.42. | Saft: Seanergy |
| 7.43. | Saft projects in France |
| 7.44. | Lithium Werks |
| 7.45. | Valence |
| 7.46. | Valence product range |
| 7.47. | Valence Technology |
| 7.48. | Rolls-Royce launches new battery system to electrify ships |
| 7.49. | Prime Energy Systems: Diversifying into Marine |
| 7.50. | Danfoss Motor |
| 7.51. | Vebrat |
| 8. | SUPERCAPACITORS FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS |
| 8.1. | What is a supercapacitor? |
| 8.2. | Relative supercapacitor performance |
| 8.3. | Supercapacitors in shipboard power systems |
| 8.4. | Peak Power USS Arleigh Burke |
| 8.5. | Supercapacitors for emergency start in boats |
| 8.6. | Fuel cells and supercapacitors in vessels |
| 8.7. | Supercapacitor replaces battery across fuel cell |
| 8.8. | Lithium-ion capacitor performance in context |
| 8.9. | World's first supercapacitor passenger vessel |
| 8.10. | Supercapacitor ferry |
| 9. | FUEL CELLS FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS |
| 9.1. | Types of fuel cell |
| 9.2. | Fuel Cell Propulsion |
| 9.3. | PEM Fuel Cell |
| 9.4. | Biogas or electrolysis? |
| 9.5. | Operational cost: battery, fuel cell and diesel engine |
| 9.6. | Echandia Marine: the fastest fuel cell ferry |
| 9.7. | Fuel cells for long range |
| 9.8. | Redrock power systems |
| 9.9. | Metacon: hydrogen from biogas |
| 9.10. | ABB: fuel cell systems for shipping |
| 9.11. | Fuel cell - battery hybrid? |
| 9.12. | The SchIBZ - Ship integration of fuel cells |
| 9.13. | Application of the SchIBZ system |
| 9.14. | Hydrogenesis - the UK's first hydrogen fuelled ferry |
| 9.15. | Hydrogenesis |
| 9.16. | Fuel cells: a futuristic technology |
| 9.17. | Hydrogen future? |
| 10. | SELECTED EXAMPLES OF AUTONOMOUS VESSELS |
| 10.1. | Autonomous marine vehicles |
| 10.2. | Ocean Phoenix 360 |
| 10.3. | Yara Birkeland - first autonomous and zero emissions ship |
| 11. | SELECTED EXAMPLES OF ENERGY HARVESTING VESSELS |
| 11.1. | Energy harvesting for boats and ships |
| 11.2. | Energy independent ship opportunity |
| 11.3. | OceanVolt motors |
| 11.4. | Turanor PlanetSolar |
| 11.5. | Multiple energy harvesting coming in 'Glider' AUV surfaces |
| 11.6. | Liquid Robotics U.S. |
| 12. | LIST OF 125 C&I ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VESSEL PROJECTS TRACKED BY IDTECHEX |
| 12.1. | Navigating the list |
By 2029 the market for electric and hybrid vessels will exceed $22 billion
Report Statistics
| Slides | 261 |
|---|---|
| Forecasts to | 2029 |
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