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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Strong numbers growth |
1.1. | 2022 expenditure on EVs by sector $ billion ex factory |
1.1. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold and those that plug-in in thousands 2012-2022 with trend in battery capacity in kWh |
1.1.1. | Leading sectors |
1.1.2. | Market size at end user prices |
1.1.3. | Synergies |
1.1.4. | Hybrid vs pure electric |
1.1.5. | What is excluded? |
1.2. | Market drivers |
1.2. | Trend in battery type by application of vehicle 2012-2022 |
1.2. | Electric vehicle upfront cost vs their traction battery energy storage |
1.3. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector |
1.3. | Main market drivers 2012-2022 |
1.3. | Numbers of manufacturers |
1.4. | Goodbye to the 100 mile range of affordable pure electric vehicles |
1.4. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector |
1.4. | Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
1.5. | Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
1.5. | Ex factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
1.5. | The inefficiency of cars |
1.6. | Hybrid vs pure electric cars |
1.6. | Ex factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
1.6. | Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide by application in 2012 |
1.6.1. | Many manufacturers make profits now |
1.6.2. | Full circle back to pure EVs |
1.6.3. | Market by territory |
1.6.4. | How green are electric vehicles really? |
1.7. | Number of manufacturers of electric vehicles in China by application in 2012 |
1.7. | Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2012 by application with numbers for China |
1.8. | Global electric car sales in thousands for 2011 and 2012 by manufacturer including neighbourhood electric vehicles NEV but not golf cars |
1.8. | GenESSys 40KWh Modular Smart Battery |
1.9. | KleenSpeed KAR Platform |
1.9. | Toyota Prius hybrid car sales 1997-2010 by region in thousands. In 2011, this remained the world's best selling on-road EV by a big margin |
1.10. | Global sales of electric cars number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded. |
1.10. | KAR S 2+2 Concept |
1.11. | Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options |
1.11. | Value of the hybrid, pure electric and total electric car market percentage 2012-2022 |
1.12. | The value of the electric vehicle market by territory % East Asia, Europe, North America, Other 2012 and 2022 % |
1.12. | Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars and other electric vehicles |
1.13. | Carbon Intensity CO2 kg/kWh and % Fossil fuel in power sector |
1.13. | Leading user nations by application of electric vehicle whether hybrid or pure electric |
1.14. | LCA greenhouse emissions of a compact car with different drive trains |
1.15. | Carbon emissions, in grams CO2 per km, of a selection of cars for sale in the UK |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Definitions and scope of this report |
2.1. | EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years |
2.1. | Energy, number of riders and energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options. |
2.1.1. | Learning from the past |
2.1.2. | The EV value chain |
2.1.3. | Key components |
2.2. | Pure electric vehicles |
2.2. | Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs |
2.2. | Electric vehicle value chain |
2.3. | Increasing inefficiency of private vehicles with size, even when fully occupied |
2.3. | Hybrid electric vehicles |
2.3.1. | Largest sector by value |
2.3.2. | Here come range extenders |
2.3.3. | Second or third generation? |
2.3.4. | Second generation success |
2.3.5. | Third generation range extenders in the marketplace |
2.3.6. | Hybrids at no price penalty |
2.4. | Born electric - In-Wheel Electric Motors |
2.4. | Increasing efficiency of buses with size when fully occupied |
2.5. | Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options |
2.5. | Born Electric - Smart skin |
2.6. | Objectives |
2.6. | The Bladon Jets microturbine range extender is the size of two cans of beans |
2.7. | Planned Jaguar supercar with microturbine range extenders |
2.7. | Benefits |
2.8. | Range extenders fuel cell, mini turbine |
2.8. | Boeing fuel cell plane trial |
2.9. | Principle of a PEM fuel cell |
2.9. | Electric vehicles become less poisonous |
2.10. | Toyota hybrid fork lift for heavy outdoor duty |
2.11. | Tyrano Big Rig |
2.12. | Ford MKZ Hybrid |
2.13. | The Lohner-Porsche electric vehicle of 1898 showing its two in-wheel electric motors. Another version had four |
2.14. | Mitsubishi in-wheel motor |
2.15. | Mine resistant ambush protected - All Terrain Vehicle MATV |
2.16. | MATV structure |
2.17. | Volvo ReCharge concept hybrid |
2.18. | Fraunhofer in-wheel motor on an Artega GT |
2.19. | SIM Drive in wheel traction |
2.20. | EMRAX 222 Duplex Motor |
2.21. | The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles |
2.22. | Competing electric drive train technologies and their targets by market sector |
2.23. | Proton Electron Membrane |
2.24. | Toyota hybrid outdoor forklift |
3. | HEAVY INDUSTRIAL EVS |
3.1. | What is included |
3.1. | Caterpillar CAT series hybrid diesel electric bulldozer |
3.1. | Twenty examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country |
3.2. | Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks |
3.2. | Nissan lithium forklift |
3.2. | Future opportunities Caterpillar USA, JC Bamford UK |
3.3. | Nissan and Mitsubishi electric forklifts Japan |
3.3. | Mitsubishi diesel electric hybrid lifter |
3.3. | Global sales of heavy industrial EVs by numbers, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded |
3.4. | Sales of heavy electric vehicles by region by percentage of units |
3.4. | Toyota Material Handling has launched the new Traigo 48 in 2010, a powerful electric forklift fitted into a compact and agile package |
3.4. | New Toyota forklifts Japan |
3.5. | Zheijang Goodsense Forklift China |
3.5. | Forklift from one of the many Chinese manufacturers |
3.6. | Linde Germany, Komatsu Japan |
3.7. | Listing of manufacturers |
3.8. | Market size |
3.9. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
4. | LIGHT INDUSTRIAL, BUSES AND OTHER COMMERCIAL EVS |
4.1. | What is included |
4.1. | Orion VII hybrid electric bus USA |
4.1. | 150 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs and drive trains by country and examples of their products |
4.1.1. | Sub categories |
4.1.2. | Buses |
4.1.3. | Trucks |
4.1.4. | Odyne hybrid truck propulsion |
4.1.5. | Balqon Pure Electric Trucks and Bus Drive |
4.2. | Market drivers |
4.2. | Global sales of buses, ex factory unit price and total value 2012-2022, rounded |
4.2. | Nova RTS hybrid electric bus USA |
4.2.1. | Governments get involved |
4.3. | Important initiatives |
4.3. | Gillig low floor hybrid bus in USA |
4.3. | Global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs excluding buses by numbers thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
4.3.1. | Azure Dynamics |
4.4. | EVs for local services |
4.4. | Sales of light electric/ commercial vehicles by region 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 by percentage of units |
4.4. | Two buses in Brazil using the locally made Eletra hybrid power trains |
4.5. | Kent electric city bus from China |
4.5. | Airport EVs |
4.6. | Small people-movers |
4.6. | Hino Blue Ribbon hybrid diesel electric bus in China |
4.7. | Lightning Motorcycle's Balqon-equipped superbike |
4.7. | Light industrial aids |
4.8. | Listing of manufacturers |
4.8. | Electric bus in Nepal |
4.9. | Mobile electric scissor lift by Wuhan Chancay Machinery and Electronics |
4.9. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
4.10. | Garbage collecting electric car |
4.11. | Market for light industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2012 in $ billion |
4.12. | Market for industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2022 |
5. | MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED |
5.1. | The sector with the most compelling and enduring need |
5.1. | Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040 |
5.1. | Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population |
5.2. | Evolution of three families of powered vehicles for the disabled |
5.2. | New Pihsiang Shoprider pure electric mobility vehicle for the disabled |
5.2. | The demographic time-bomb |
5.2.1. | Ageing population and the dependent elderly |
5.2.2. | Laws make mobility easier |
5.3. | Types of mobility vehicle |
5.3. | The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group |
5.3. | Evolution of power chairs 1980 to 2010 |
5.3.1. | Growth by new market segments |
5.3.2. | Interchina Industry Group China |
5.4. | Market drivers |
5.4. | Evolution of scooters for the disabled 1980 to 2010 |
5.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413 |
5.4.1. | Geographical distribution |
5.4.2. | Needs creating new segments |
5.4.3. | What is driving regional differences? |
5.4.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry China |
5.4.5. | Pride Mobility, USA |
5.5. | Listing of manufacturers |
5.5. | Pride Jazzy - making new things possible |
5.5. | The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2012 |
5.6. | The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe |
5.6. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
5.6.1. | Growth by creating new markets |
5.7. | The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that were and will be sold in Europe 2005 to 2015 |
5.8. | Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future |
5.9. | The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015 |
5.10. | Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage split in 2005, 2010 and 2020 |
5.11. | 82 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country |
5.12. | Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2012-2022, rounded |
6. | TWO WHEELED EVS AND ALLIED VEHICLES |
6.1. | What is included |
6.1. | Prices and performance of electric two wheelers |
6.1. | Yamaha EC-f and EC-fs concept electric scooters |
6.2. | Yamaha EC03 |
6.2. | 70 examples of manufacturers of two wheel EVs and electric quad bikes |
6.2. | Prices and performances compared |
6.3. | Electric two wheeler companies |
6.3. | Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order) |
6.3. | Eko Vehicles ET-120 hybrid scooter |
6.3.1. | Yamaha Japan |
6.3.2. | Eko Vehicles hybrid scooters India |
6.3.3. | Interchina Industry Group foldable electric bike China |
6.3.4. | Honda Japan |
6.3.5. | Suzuki fuel cell bike Japan |
6.3.6. | Peugeot E-Vivacity scooter France |
6.3.7. | Cytronex lightweight bicycle USA |
6.3.8. | Daymak Canada |
6.4. | Market drivers |
6.4. | Foldable Electric Bike (LNEB-9601 |
6.4. | 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry |
6.4.1. | Bicycles and electric bicycles |
6.4.2. | Hybrid motorcycles |
6.5. | Listing of manufacturers |
6.5. | Listing of light electric scooter makers in China. Most use lead-acid battery chemistry but there is a move to lithium-ion batteries |
6.5. | Honda EV Cub sports twin, front and rear electric drive motors. |
6.5.2. | China |
6.6. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
6.6. | Suzuki Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter powered by Intelligent Energy |
6.6. | Global sales of two wheel and allied EVs number, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
6.7. | Sales of Light Electric Vehicles LEVs (two wheelers and allied eg electric quad bikes and on road three wheel micro cars) by region by percentage of units. |
6.7. | Peugeot E-Vivacity electric scooter planned for 2010 |
6.8. | Cytronex light-weight electric bike |
6.9. | Shadow eBike is powered by Daymak Drive |
6.10. | e-bikes parked in Yangzhou China |
6.11. | Electric mopeds parked in Cheghdu China |
7. | GOLF EVS |
7.1. | What is included |
7.1. | Tonaro golf and general purpose vehicle from China |
7.1. | 19 examples of golf EV manufacturers |
7.2. | Global sales of electric golf cars and motorised caddies in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
7.2. | Suzhou Eagle two and four seat golf cars from China |
7.2. | Market drivers |
7.2.1. | Golf course creation |
7.2.2. | Secondary market - golf cars not used for golf |
7.2.3. | No more growth |
7.2.4. | Change of leader: Ingersoll Rand beats Textron USA |
7.2.5. | Suzhou Eagle and many others in China |
7.3. | Listing of manufacturers |
7.3. | Yongkang Fourstar golf vehicles from China |
7.3. | Geographical split of golf EV sales by value 2010, 2015 and 2020 |
7.4. | Shadong Wuzheng golf cars from China |
7.4. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
7.4.2. | Statistics for all bicycles |
7.5. | Jinhua Ryder golf car from China |
7.6. | World bicycle and automoblie production, 1950-2007 |
8. | CARS |
8.1. | Adoption of electric cars |
8.1. | Geographical distribution of 120 companies making or intending to make electric cars |
8.1. | Global stimulus for fuel efficient cars in 2009 |
8.2. | 121 examples of manufacturers of EV cars |
8.2. | US and Europe try to catch up |
8.3. | Rapid increase in number of manufacturers |
8.3. | Global sales of electric cars number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
8.4. | Providing charging infrastructure |
8.4.1. | Recharging points |
8.4.2. | Battery changing points |
8.4.3. | Can the grid cope? |
8.5. | Market 2012-2022 |
9. | PURE ELECTRIC CARS |
9.1. | Déjà Vu |
9.1. | Trouvé pure EV car in 1881 |
9.1.2. | Pure electric cars are a necessary part of the range? |
9.2. | Examples of pure EV cars |
9.2. | Red Bug pure EV in 1930 |
9.2.1. | Nissan Japan - most ambitious of all? |
9.2.2. | Here come the Chinese - BYD, Brilliance, Geely, Chengfang |
9.2.3. | Jianghsu China |
9.2.4. | Interchina Industry Group China |
9.2.5. | High performance pure EVs - Tesla USA |
9.2.6. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar France, Italy |
9.2.7. | REVA India |
9.2.8. | Club Car USA |
9.2.9. | Toyota Japan |
9.2.10. | Detroit Electric USA |
9.2.11. | Tara Tiny India |
9.2.12. | Kleenspeed Technologies goes mainstream |
9.2.13. | Mitsubishi Japan |
9.3. | Sinclair C5 |
9.4. | Aptera |
9.5. | Gemcars |
9.6. | The BYD E6 pure EV car |
9.7. | Jianghsu DHCLBC EF-1 car |
9.8. | Electric Car (INEC-BOBI) |
9.9. | Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car |
9.10. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar showing solar panels on roof and hood |
9.11. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar cross section |
9.12. | REVA pure EV car |
9.13. | The Club Car street legal car launched in 2009 |
9.14. | Toyota pure EV city car |
9.15. | Detroit Electric |
9.16. | Tara Tiny |
9.17. | Mitsubishi pure EV car |
10. | HYBRID CARS |
10.1. | Construction and advantages of hybrids |
10.1. | Evolution of EV design for on-road and many non-road vehicles |
10.1. | Major market drivers for growth in hybrid sales |
10.2. | Hybrid electric vehicles and associated events 1876-2013 |
10.2. | Chevrolet Volt battery, generator and drive unit positioning |
10.2. | Evolution |
10.3. | Chevrolet Volt USA |
10.4. | Ford plug-in hybrid USA |
10.5. | Market drivers |
10.5.1. | Leading indicators |
10.6. | History of hybrids and planned models to 2013 |
11. | MILITARY |
11.1. | Examples of military EVs |
11.1. | Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven |
11.1. | Oshkosh truck |
11.1.1. | Hummer USA / China |
11.1.2. | Quantum Technologies USA Aggressor AMV |
11.1.3. | US Army trucks etc - ZAP, Columbia ParCar USA |
11.1.4. | Oshkosh Truck Corp USA |
11.1.5. | Plug-in trucks - BAE Systems UK |
11.1.6. | Electric robot vehicles USA |
11.1.7. | UQM unmanned combat vehicle USA |
11.1.8. | Balqon Corporation |
11.2. | Balqon Mule M150 |
11.2. | 26 suppliers of military EVs |
11.2. | Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) |
11.2.1. | Small electrical UAVs |
11.2.2. | SUAV batteries |
11.2.3. | The most successful electric UAV |
11.2.4. | Micro nano air vehicles |
11.2.5. | Large electrical UAVs |
11.2.6. | COM-BAT robot bat USA |
11.3. | Examples of military EVs - in the water |
11.3. | Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
11.3. | SPI electrical SUAV |
11.3.1. | Robot jellyfish USA and Germany |
11.4. | Examples of SUAV rechargeable lithium batteries. Top: Flight Power "EVO 20" Lithium Polymer battery. Bottom: Sion Power lithium sulfur |
11.4. | Military electric vehicle sales by region 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 in percentage units |
11.4. | Manufacturers of military EVs |
11.5. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
11.5. | AeroVironment Raven |
11.6. | AeroVironment Aqua Puma UAV completes Royal Australian Navy Sea trials in 2007 |
11.7. | AeroVironment Helios |
11.8. | Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane that takes off in parts and self-assembles at altitude |
11.9. | COM-BAT |
11.10. | Robotic Bat |
11.11. | AquaJelly |
11.12. | AirJelly |
12. | MARINE |
12.1. | Hybrid tugboat |
12.1. | 44 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft |
12.1.1. | Hybrid and pure electric tugboats |
12.2. | Market segments |
12.2. | Leading manufacturers of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles for sale |
12.2. | Engine room of the hybrid tugboat |
12.2.1. | Total market |
12.2.2. | Underwater |
12.2.3. | On the water |
12.3. | Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2010 |
12.3. | Bratt electric tugboat |
12.3. | Commonality with land EVs |
12.3.1. | Grants for land and water |
12.3.2. | Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine |
12.4. | Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
12.4. | Electric deck boat by Leisure Life |
12.4. | Market drivers |
12.4.1. | Pollution laws back electric boats - India, Europe, USA |
12.4.2. | Energy harvesting superyacht UK |
12.4.3. | Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) - Europe, USA |
12.5. | Electric launch |
12.5. | Manufacturers by country and product |
12.6. | Selling prices |
12.6. | Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva |
12.7. | The rigid-wing superyacht concept called 'Soliloquy' |
12.7. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
13. | OTHER EVS |
13.1. | "Zep'lin"s |
13.1. | Definition |
13.1. | 30 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by country and product |
13.2. | Global sales of other electric vehicles (including civil aircraft and robot) in number thousands, ex factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
13.2. | Market drivers |
13.2. | "Zep'lin" photovoltaic sail adjustment |
13.3. | Solar Impulse |
13.3. | Listing of manufacturers by country and product |
13.4. | Market size and trends |
13.4. | The Electrolux Automower |
13.4.1. | Aircraft - Renault, Piccard |
13.4.2. | Solar Impulse |
13.4.3. | Non-military mobile robots - USA, UK, Japan |
13.4.4. | The Electrolux Automower Sweden |
13.4.5. | Rescue robots in Germany |
13.4.6. | Robots on Mars |
13.4.7. | Leisure |
13.4.8. | Research and hobbyist |
13.5. | Market forecasts 2012-2022 |
13.5. | Robots for Mars |
14. | WHAT LEVEL OF RECHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE IS NEEDED? |
14.1. | Number of gas stations ("service stations") by region in 2010 |
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 255 |
---|---|
Tables | 61 |
Figures | 122 |
Forecasts to | 2022 |