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Hybrid & Pure Electric Vehicles for Land, Water & Air 2013-2023: Forecasts, Technologies, Players
Cars, buses, two wheelers, industrial, commercial, mobility for disabled, military, marine, aircraft, other
Updated in September 2013
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Description
Contents, Table & Figures List
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IDTechEx provides forecasts and analysis of all electric vehicles, land, water and air. IDTechEx has studied this sector for 13 years so far extensively interviewing organizations throughout the supply chain. IDTechEx finds that the total market for hybrid and pure electric vehicles will grow from 38.8 million vehicles (of all types) in 2013 to 116 million vehicles in 2023 - a $294 Billion market.
Pure electric car sales in 2013 will be just 70,000 vehicles rising to 2 million in 2023, versus 2 million hybrid vehicles this year rising to 7.6 million in 2023. Of course, the big unit numbers come at the small end - most of the unit volume in 2013 will be for two wheeled vehicles - 32 million vehicles in 2013 rising to 94 million in 2023, albeit at far lower average price points.
If we look at the figures by the value of each sector - including industrial, marine, buses and others - we find that hybrid and pure electric cars will be almost half the total value of all electric vehicles in 2023, but less profitable than other vehicle types - as shown below.
Ex-factory value of EV sales in 2023 by applicational sector
Source: IDTechEx
Electric vehicles are also very unusual in having almost all their electrical, electronic and mechanical components and systems subject to disruptive rather than incremental change creating absorbing opportunities for researchers, start-ups and others. There are also new types of electric vehicles being launched at a frenetic rate from amphibious aircraft, flying jet skis and swarming robot flies to personal mobile robots, heavy earthmovers and new autonomous underwater vehicles. Many will be best produced by small and medium-sized companies, so the whole structure of the automotive, marine and aircraft industry is placed under review. The components industry is forced into new forms of product integration including smart skin, structural components and motors with integral gearing and electronics, so seeing the big picture of what markets are and will be out there, becomes essential.
IDTechEx sales forecast for some volume sectors of electric vehicles*
*For the full forecast data please purchase this report
Source: IDTechEx
10 year forecasts across all EV sectors
This report gives the unit numbers, average vehicle prices, and total value for ten years for the following vehicle types:
- Hybrid cars
- Pure electric cars
- Heavy industrial
- Buses
- Lighting industrial/commercial
- Micro EV/quadricycle
- Golf car and motorized gold caddy
- Mobility for the disabled
- Two-wheel and allied
- Military
- Marine
- Other
Comprehensive applicational and geographic spread
This report is uniquely comprehensive in applicational and geographical spread. Primarily it presents statistics and forecasts including back up data such as conventional vehicle sales and market drivers. There is even comparative data such as statistics and forecasts by other analysts and by regional trade associations. There is some coverage of technology trends and considerable tabulation of manufacturers and by type of vehicle made and which are world leaders in value sales and why. There is little anecdotal text and information already available on the web, the illustrations and tables being largely original and deriving from IDTechEx analysis and private sources as well as extensive interviews carries out in 2013.
Who should buy this report?
All those funding, researching, making, operating, analysing or regulating electric vehicles and those contemplating doing so plus the whole automotive industry and its ecosystem. Those making components and systems for all forms of electric vehicle land, water and air, hybrid and pure electric. Governments, and others interested in the subject. The manufacturing and purchasing companies and universities involved are listed or profiled in our 22 reports on the subject. The large and medium-sized ones should have preference.
Free Electric Vehicle Encyclopedia when you purchase this report
Electric Vehicle experts IDTechEx have encapsulated over ten years of research and analysis into an easy to digest electric vehicle encyclopedia. All the technologies are covered and supported with over 100 tables and illustrations and over 200 acronyms and terms are explained. This encyclopedia, worth $1,500, is given as a free PDF download when you buy this report.
Analyst access from IDTechEx
All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.
Further information
If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at research@IDTechEx.com or call one of our sales managers:
ASIA: +82 10 3896 6219
| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | The value market for electric vehicles EVs of all types |
| 1.1. | Breakdown of the electric vehicle market in 2023, land water and airborne, hybrid and pure electric |
| 1.1. | Categories of electric vehicle, saturating and growth subsectors within these categories and technology trends by size/ duty cycle. |
| 1.2. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2023, by applicational sector |
| 1.2. | Basic schematic of pure EV power train |
| 1.2. | Market sectors and technology trends |
| 1.3. | Small and Medium Enterprises SME come to the fore |
| 1.3. | Size of vehicle, broadly indicated by price and battery kWh, related to when up-front cost becomes competitive with a conventional version |
| 1.3. | Explanation of trends in market numbers by sector and background statistics and forecasts by other analysts of future numbers by sector and country |
| 1.4. | Ex-factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2023, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.4. | SMEs have more opportunity |
| 1.4. | Numbers of manufacturers |
| 1.5. | Stronger value growth, hybrids gain value share |
| 1.5. | FlyNano pure electric flying jet ski Finland |
| 1.5. | Ex-factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2023, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.6. | Approximate number of manufacturers of electric vehicles worldwide in 2013 by application with numbers for China |
| 1.6. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2023, by applicational sector |
| 1.6. | Mark ups through the value chain |
| 1.7. | Electric cars - the most unpredictable market |
| 1.7. | Ex-factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2023, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.7. | Global sales of pure electric cars by country in 2012 including Chinese cars not homologated as cars in the West. |
| 1.7.1. | Pure electric cars |
| 1.7.2. | Car-like vehicles not homologated as cars |
| 1.7.3. | The most unpredictable market |
| 1.7.4. | Market drivers |
| 1.8. | Market by territory |
| 1.8. | Ex-factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2012-2023, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.8. | Pure electric on-road cars sold by type in 2012 K numbers excluding delivery vans and car-like vehicles not homologated as cars in the West such as cars sold in China and the Renault Twizy |
| 1.8.1. | Global |
| 1.8.2. | China |
| 1.8.3. | Pure electric vehicles in Europe |
| 1.8.4. | USA |
| 1.9. | Ex-factory value of EVs, in 2013, percentage by applicational sector |
| 1.9. | Pure electric cars sold in China in 2012 |
| 1.10. | Main market drivers 2013-2023 |
| 1.10. | Ex-factory value of EVs, in 2023, percentage by applicational sector |
| 1.11. | The various types of car, the precise definitions, regulations and user preferences varying greatly between countries |
| 1.11. | The value of the electric vehicle market by territory % East Asia, Europe, North America, Other 2013 and 2023 % |
| 1.12. | NEV output in China for 2011 and 2012 including exports |
| 1.12. | kWh per passenger for conventional or electric on-road vehicles related to type of vehicle and showing cars to be uniquely inefficient |
| 1.13. | The Daimler Smart, left, is a mainstream car subject to tax, insurance, crash tests etc whereas the G-Whiz from India, right, is registered as a quadricycle and was the best-selling pure electric car in the UK for ten years with s |
| 1.14. | Renault Twizy quadricycle which is selling over ten thousand within two years from launch. The standard model has no windows |
| 1.15. | Chinese micro-EV cars in China. Most of them have three wheels |
| 1.16. | Cumulative and monthly plug-in on-road vehicle sales in the USA through 2012 according to trade association EDTA |
| 1.17. | The tiny sales of pure electric on-road vehicle sales in Europe showing carrier goods EVs/ light industrial and commercial vehicles outselling pure electric passenger EVs, according to trade association AVERE |
| 1.18. | Adoption of different car power trains past and present |
| 1.19. | Unit sales in China 2008-2012: total autos, total passenger cars and buses and BEV and HEV/PHEV |
| 1.20. | Distribution of electric vehicles in circulation according to model |
| 1.21. | Number of electric 4-wheelers in Europe |
| 1.22. | Number of electric 2-wheelers in Europe |
| 1.23. | Monthly New PHEV and AEV Sales by Model |
| 1.24. | Yearly New HEV Sales by Model |
| 1.25. | Electric Drive Vehicle Share of New Vehicle Sales |
| 1.26. | Monthly New EDV Sales and Gasoline Price |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Definitions and scope of this report |
| 2.1. | EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years |
| 2.1. | Energy, number of riders and energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options. |
| 2.1.1. | Learning from the past |
| 2.1.2. | Organisations involved in the EV industry value chain |
| 2.1.3. | Commonality |
| 2.1.4. | Key components and systems |
| 2.2. | Pure electric vehicles |
| 2.2. | Electric vehicle value chain |
| 2.2. | Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs |
| 2.3. | Global automotive production by country 2012 |
| 2.3. | Increasing inefficiency of private vehicles with size, even when fully occupied |
| 2.3. | Hybrid electric vehicles |
| 2.3.1. | Largest sector by value |
| 2.3.2. | Here come range extenders |
| 2.3.3. | Hybrids at no price penalty |
| 2.4. | Born electric - in-wheel electric motors |
| 2.4. | Increasing efficiency of buses with size when fully occupied |
| 2.5. | Energy per 100 kilometers per person for different on-road travel options |
| 2.5. | Born Electric - smart skin |
| 2.6. | Objectives |
| 2.6. | The Bladon Jets microturbine range extender is the size of two cans of beans |
| 2.7. | Boeing fuel cell plane trial |
| 2.7. | Benefits |
| 2.8. | Electric vehicles become less poisonous |
| 2.8. | Principle of a PEM fuel cell |
| 2.8.1. | How green are electric vehicles really? |
| 2.8.2. | Contrast global automotive production 2012: major polluter |
| 2.9. | Toyota hybrid fork lift for heavy outdoor duty |
| 2.10. | Tyrano Big Rig |
| 2.11. | Ford MKZ Hybrid |
| 2.12. | The Lohner-Porsche electric vehicle of 1898 showing its two in-wheel electric motors. Another version had four |
| 2.13. | Mitsubishi in-wheel motor |
| 2.14. | Mine resistant ambush protected - All Terrain Vehicle MATV |
| 2.15. | MATV structure |
| 2.16. | Volvo ReCharge concept hybrid |
| 2.17. | Fraunhofer in-wheel motor on an Artega GT |
| 2.18. | SIM Drive in wheel traction |
| 2.19. | EMRAX 222 Duplex Motor |
| 2.20. | The dream of smart skin for land, sea and air vehicles |
| 2.21. | Competing electric drive train technologies and their targets by market sector |
| 2.22. | Carbon Intensity CO2 kg/kWh and % Fossil fuel in power sector |
| 2.23. | LCA greenhouse emissions of a compact car with different drive trains |
| 2.24. | Carbon emissions, in grams CO2 per km, of a selection of cars for sale in the UK |
| 3. | HEAVY INDUSTRIAL EVS |
| 3.1. | What is included |
| 3.1. | Caterpillar CAT series hybrid diesel electric bulldozer |
| 3.1. | 27 examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country |
| 3.2. | Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks |
| 3.2. | Mitsubishi diesel electric hybrid lifter |
| 3.2. | Challenges |
| 3.3. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 3.3. | Top 20 industrial lift truck suppliers in 2011 |
| 3.3. | Global sales of heavy industrial (heavy lifting, eg forklift and heavy earthmoving/pulling) EVs by numbers, ex-factory unit price and total value 2012-2023, rounded |
| 3.3.1. | Statistics for all types of industrial lift truck |
| 3.3.2. | Manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs |
| 3.4. | Market size |
| 3.4. | Lift truck market demand increase in 2012 |
| 3.4. | Sales of heavy electric vehicles by region by percentage of units |
| 3.5. | World industrial truck statistics/orders and shipments |
| 3.5. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 4. | LIGHT INDUSTRIAL, BUSES AND OTHER COMMERCIAL EVS |
| 4.1. | What is included |
| 4.1. | The tiny sales of pure electric on-road vehicle sales in Europe showing carrier goods EVs/ light industrial and commercial vehicles outselling passenger EVs, according to trade association AVERE |
| 4.1. | 150 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs and drive trains by country and examples of their products |
| 4.1.1. | Sub categories |
| 4.1.2. | Buses |
| 4.1.3. | Trucks |
| 4.2. | Market drivers |
| 4.2. | Orion VII hybrid electric bus USA |
| 4.2. | Global sales of buses, ex-factory unit price and total value 2012-2023, rounded |
| 4.2.1. | Governments get involved |
| 4.3. | Important initiatives |
| 4.3. | Nova RTS hybrid electric bus USA |
| 4.3. | Global sales of light industrial and commercial EVs excluding buses by numbers thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 4.4. | Approximate number of light industrial and commercial vehicles by type in 2013 in thousands excluding buses |
| 4.4. | Gillig low floor hybrid bus in USA |
| 4.4. | EVs for local services |
| 4.5. | Airport EVs: Ground Support Equipment GSE |
| 4.5. | Two buses in Brazil using the locally made Eletra hybrid power trains |
| 4.5. | Sales of light electric/commercial vehicles by region 2013 and 2023 by percentage of units |
| 4.6. | Kent electric city bus from China |
| 4.6. | Small people-movers |
| 4.7. | Light industrial aids |
| 4.7. | Hino Blue Ribbon hybrid diesel electric bus in China |
| 4.8. | Balqon Pure Electric Trucks and Bus Drive |
| 4.8. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 4.9. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 4.9. | PG&E and VIA Motors displayed a new SUV version of its extended-range electric vehicle at the Detroit auto show |
| 4.10. | The full-size pickup and a cargo van introduced by VIA Motors in 2012, in use by PGE |
| 4.11. | Electric bus in Nepal |
| 4.12. | Mobile electric scissor lift by Wuhan Chancay Machinery and Electronics |
| 4.13. | Garbage collecting electric car |
| 4.14. | Sales of light electric/commercial vehicles by region 2013 by percentage of units |
| 4.15. | Sales of light electric/commercial vehicles by region 2023 by percentage of units |
| 5. | MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED |
| 5.1. | Compelling and enduring need |
| 5.1. | Percentage of dependent elderly 1970 to 2040 |
| 5.1. | Statistics relevant to the challenge to society caused by ageing population |
| 5.2. | Evolution of three families of powered vehicles for the disabled to 2013 |
| 5.2. | New Pihsiang Shoprider pure electric mobility vehicle for the disabled |
| 5.2. | The demographic time-bomb |
| 5.2.1. | Ageing population, obesity and the dependent elderly |
| 5.2.2. | Laws make mobility easier |
| 5.3. | Types of mobility vehicle |
| 5.3. | The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group |
| 5.3. | Evolution of power chairs 1980 to 2013 |
| 5.3.1. | Growth by new market segments |
| 5.3.2. | Interchina Industry Group China |
| 5.4. | Market drivers |
| 5.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413 |
| 5.4. | Evolution of scooters for the disabled 1980 to 2013 |
| 5.4.1. | Geographical distribution |
| 5.4.2. | Needs creating new segments |
| 5.4.3. | What is driving regional differences? |
| 5.4.4. | Zhejiang R&P Industry China |
| 5.4.5. | Pride Mobility, USA |
| 5.5. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 5.5. | Pride Jazzy - making new things possible |
| 5.5. | The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2013 |
| 5.6. | The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe |
| 5.6. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 5.6.1. | Growth by creating new markets |
| 5.7. | The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that were and will be sold in Europe 2005 to 2015 |
| 5.8. | Features of mobility vehicles that may hold up the price by offering more in future |
| 5.9. | The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015 |
| 5.10. | Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage split in 2005, 2010 and 2020 |
| 5.11. | 82 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country |
| 5.12. | Global sales of EVs used as mobility aids for the disabled by number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2012-2023, rounded |
| 6. | TWO WHEELED EVS AND ALLIED VEHICLES |
| 6.1. | What is included |
| 6.1. | Gasoline two wheelers G2W and electric two wheelers E2W sales compared to passenger vehicles 1991-2006 in China |
| 6.1. | Prices and performance of electric two wheelers |
| 6.1.1. | China - unprecedented growth of electric two wheelers |
| 6.1.2. | Other countries |
| 6.2. | Prices and performances compared |
| 6.2. | Yamaha EC-f and EC-fs concept electric scooters |
| 6.2. | 70 examples of manufacturers of two wheel EVs and electric quad bikes |
| 6.3. | Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order) |
| 6.3. | Yamaha EC03 |
| 6.3. | Electric two wheeler companies |
| 6.3.1. | Yamaha Japan |
| 6.3.2. | Eko Vehicles hybrid scooters India |
| 6.3.3. | Interchina Industry Group foldable electric bike China |
| 6.3.4. | Honda Japan |
| 6.3.5. | Suzuki fuel cell bike Japan |
| 6.4. | Market drivers |
| 6.4. | Eko Vehicles ET-120 hybrid scooter |
| 6.4. | 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry |
| 6.4.1. | Bicycles and electric bicycles |
| 6.4.2. | Hybrid motorcycles |
| 6.5. | Statistics for all bicycles |
| 6.5. | Foldable Electric Bike (LNEB-9601 |
| 6.5. | Listing of light electric scooter makers in China. Most use lead-acid battery chemistry but there is a move to lithium-ion batteries |
| 6.6. | Global sales of two wheel and allied EVs number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2022, rounded |
| 6.6. | Honda EV Cub sports twin, front and rear electric drive motors. |
| 6.6. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 6.6.1. | China |
| 6.7. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 6.7. | Suzuki Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter powered by Intelligent Energy |
| 6.7. | Sales of Light Electric Vehicles LEVs (two wheelers and allied eg electric quad bikes and on road three wheel micro cars) by region by percentage of units2013 and 2023 |
| 6.8. | e-bikes parked in Yangzhou China |
| 6.9. | Electric mopeds parked in Cheghdu China |
| 6.10. | World bicycle and automoblie production, 1950-2007 |
| 7. | CAR-LIKE VEHICLES NOT HOMOLOGATED AS CARS: MICROEV, QUADRICYCLE, E TRIKE, NEV, GOLF CAR |
| 7.1. | Many names, common factors |
| 7.1. | IMAs "Colibri" Micro EV presented at the Geneva Motorshow 2013. |
| 7.1. | Listing of manufacturers beyond golf cars |
| 7.2. | MicroEV quadricycle forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 7.2. | Car-like vehicles not homologated as cars, in the context of two wheelers and Europe. Love them or hate them? |
| 7.2. | Car-like vehicles that evade restrictions, taxes and other costs |
| 7.3. | Philippines: big new commitments to e trikes |
| 7.3. | The Daimler Smart, left, is a mainstream car subject to tax, insurance, crash tests etc whereas the G-Whiz from India, right, is registered as a quadricycle and was the best-selling pure electric car in the UK for ten years with s |
| 7.3. | 19 examples of golf EV manufacturers |
| 7.4. | Global sales of electric golf cars and motorised caddies in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 7.4. | Renault Twizy quadricycle which is selling over ten thousand within two years from launch. The standard model has no windows |
| 7.4. | Listing of manufacturers beyond golf cars |
| 7.5. | Golf cars |
| 7.5. | Chinese micro-EV cars in China. Most of them have three wheels |
| 7.5. | Geographical split of golf EV sales by value 2010, 2015 and 2020 |
| 7.5.1. | What is included |
| 7.5.2. | Market drivers |
| 7.5.3. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 7.5.4. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 7.6. | E-trikes |
| 7.7. | Tonaro golf and general purpose vehicle from China |
| 7.8. | Suzhou Eagle two and four seat golf cars from China |
| 7.9. | Yongkang Fourstar golf vehicles from China |
| 7.10. | Shadong Wuzheng golf cars from China |
| 7.11. | Jinhua Ryder golf car from China |
| 8. | CARS |
| 8.1. | Adoption of electric cars |
| 8.1. | Features of leading electric cars in 2012 |
| 8.1. | Global stimulus for fuel efficient cars in 2009 |
| 8.2. | 121 examples of manufacturers of EV cars |
| 8.2. | Projections of lithium-ion traction battery price |
| 8.2. | Rapid increase in number of manufacturers |
| 8.3. | Providing charging infrastructure |
| 8.3. | A summary of the theoretical energy density of advanced rechargeable battery chemistries compared with theoretical graphene supercapacitor |
| 8.3. | Global sales of car hybrid number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 8.3.1. | Recharging points |
| 8.3.2. | Battery changing points |
| 8.3.3. | Can the grid cope? |
| 8.4. | Market 2012-2023 |
| 8.4. | Distribution of cars made in Europe |
| 8.4. | Global sales of car pure electric number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 8.5. | Global sales of micro EV quadricycle number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 8.5. | Detailed breakdown of car parameters by type |
| 8.5. | National targets for plug-in (PHEV, BEV) on road vehicle sales 2010-2020 |
| 8.5.1. | United Kingdom |
| 8.6. | Geographical distribution of 120 companies making or intending to make electric cars in 2013 |
| 8.7. | Number (thousands) of hybrid cars, pure electric cars and MicroEV/Quadricycles 2013-2023 |
| 8.8. | Total market value (US$ billion) of hybrid cars, pure electric cars and MicroEV/Quadricycles 2013-2023 |
| 8.9. | National targets for plug-in on road vehicle sales of EVI members in number of vehicles purchased yearly |
| 8.10. | Planned PEV vehicle stock by year 2010-2020 in national targets |
| 8.11. | Government targets and sales by company of PEV (PHEV/BEV on-road vehicles) |
| 8.12. | Early sales of new EVs by year superimposed showing comparative early adoption |
| 9. | PURE ELECTRIC CARS |
| 9.1. | Déjà Vu |
| 9.1. | Trouvé pure EV car in 1881 |
| 9.1.1. | Pure electric cars are a necessary part of the range? |
| 9.2. | Examples of pure EV cars |
| 9.2. | Red Bug pure EV in 1930 |
| 9.2.1. | Renault-Nissan Alliance France, Japan |
| 9.2.2. | China |
| 9.2.3. | High performance pure EVs - Tesla USA |
| 9.2.4. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar France, Italy |
| 9.2.5. | REVA India |
| 9.2.6. | Club Car USA |
| 9.2.7. | Toyota Japan |
| 9.3. | Sinclair C5 |
| 9.4. | Aptera |
| 9.5. | Gemcars |
| 9.6. | Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car |
| 9.7. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar showing solar panels on roof and hood |
| 9.8. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar cross section |
| 9.9. | REVA pure EV car |
| 9.10. | The Club Car street legal car |
| 9.11. | Toyota pure EV city car |
| 10. | HYBRID CARS |
| 10.1. | Construction and advantages of hybrids |
| 10.1. | Evolution of EV design for on-road and many non-road vehicles |
| 10.1. | Major market drivers for growth in hybrid sales |
| 10.2. | Hybrid electric vehicles and associated events 1876-2013 |
| 10.2. | Chevrolet Volt battery, generator and drive unit positioning |
| 10.2. | Evolution |
| 10.3. | Chevrolet Volt USA |
| 10.4. | Ford hybrids USA |
| 10.5. | Market drivers |
| 10.5.1. | Leading indicators |
| 10.6. | History of hybrids and planned models |
| 11. | MILITARY |
| 11.1. | Examples of military EVs |
| 11.1. | Oshkosh truck |
| 11.1. | Data for RQ-11A version of AeroVironment Raven |
| 11.1.1. | Hummer USA / China |
| 11.1.2. | Quantum Technologies USA Aggressor AMV |
| 11.1.3. | US Army trucks etc - ZAP, Columbia ParCar USA |
| 11.1.4. | Oshkosh Truck Corp USA |
| 11.1.5. | Plug-in trucks - BAE Systems UK |
| 11.1.6. | Electric robot vehicles USA |
| 11.1.7. | UQM unmanned combat vehicle USA |
| 11.1.8. | Balqon Corporation |
| 11.2. | Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) |
| 11.2. | Balqon Mule M150 |
| 11.2. | 27 suppliers of military EVs |
| 11.2.1. | Small electrical UAVs |
| 11.2.2. | SUAV batteries |
| 11.2.3. | The most successful electric UAV |
| 11.2.4. | Micro nano air vehicles |
| 11.2.5. | Large electrical UAVs |
| 11.2.6. | COM-BAT robot bat USA |
| 11.3. | Examples of military EVs - in the water |
| 11.3. | SPI electrical SUAV |
| 11.3. | Global sales of electric military vehicles in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 11.3.1. | US Naval Undersea Warfare Center |
| 11.4. | Manufacturers of military EVs |
| 11.4. | Examples of SUAV rechargeable lithium batteries. Top: Flight Power "EVO 20" Lithium Polymer battery. Bottom: Sion Power lithium sulfur |
| 11.4. | Military electric vehicle sales by region 2013 and 2023 in percentage units |
| 11.5. | AeroVironment Raven |
| 11.5. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 11.6. | AeroVironment Aqua Puma UAV completes Royal Australian Navy Sea trials in 2007 |
| 11.7. | AeroVironment Helios |
| 11.8. | Aurora Flight Sciences solar plane that takes off in parts and self-assembles at altitude |
| 11.9. | COM-BAT |
| 11.10. | Robotic Bat |
| 11.11. | Large autonomous robot jellyfish |
| 12. | MARINE |
| 12.1. | Hybrid tugboat |
| 12.1. | 44 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft |
| 12.1.1. | Hybrid and pure electric tugboats |
| 12.2. | Market segments |
| 12.2. | Engine room of the hybrid tugboat |
| 12.2. | Leading manufacturers of remotely operated and autonomous underwater vehicles for sale |
| 12.2.1. | Total market |
| 12.2.2. | Underwater |
| 12.2.3. | On the water |
| 12.3. | Indicative prices for marine EVs in 2013 |
| 12.3. | Bratt electric tugboat |
| 12.3. | Commonality with land EVs |
| 12.3.1. | Grants for land and water |
| 12.3.2. | Effect of land EV manufacturers entering marine |
| 12.4. | Global sales of electric marine craft in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 12.4. | Market drivers |
| 12.4. | Electric deck boat by Leisure Life |
| 12.4.1. | Pollution laws back electric boats - India, Europe, USA |
| 12.4.2. | Energy harvesting superyacht UK |
| 12.4.3. | Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) - Europe, USA |
| 12.5. | Forecast for trolling electric outboard motors 2013-2023, numbers k, $k ex-factory price, $million market value |
| 12.5. | Electric launch |
| 12.5. | Manufacturers by country and product |
| 12.6. | Selling prices |
| 12.6. | Solar powered boats for tourism cruising at 12 kph on Lake Geneva |
| 12.6. | Forecast for medium sized electric outboard motors (500W-10kW) 2013-2023, numbers k, $k ex factory price, $ million market value |
| 12.7. | Forecast for large sized electric outboard motors (10kW-150kW ) 2013-2023, numbers k, $k ex factory price, $ million market value |
| 12.7. | The rigid-wing superyacht concept called 'Soliloquy' |
| 12.7. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 12.7.1. | Outboard motor market size |
| 13. | AIRCRAFT, MOBILE ROBOTS AND OTHER EVS |
| 13.1. | "Zep'lin"s |
| 13.1. | Definition |
| 13.1. | 36 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by country and product |
| 13.2. | Global sales of other electric vehicles (including civil aircraft and robot) in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2012-2023, rounded |
| 13.2. | Market drivers |
| 13.2. | "Zep'lin" photovoltaic sail adjustment |
| 13.3. | Solar Impulse |
| 13.3. | Listing of other manufacturers by country and product |
| 13.4. | Market size and trends |
| 13.4. | The Electrolux Automower |
| 13.4.1. | Aircraft - Renault, Piccard |
| 13.4.2. | Solar Impulse |
| 13.4.3. | Non-military mobile robots - USA, UK, Japan |
| 13.4.4. | The Electrolux Automower Sweden |
| 13.4.5. | Rescue robots in Germany |
| 13.4.6. | Robots on Mars |
| 13.4.7. | Leisure on land |
| 13.4.8. | Research and hobbyist |
| 13.4.9. | Electric aircraft for civil use |
| 13.4.10. | Robotic lawn mowers |
| 13.5. | Market forecasts 2012-2023 |
| 13.5. | Robots for Mars |
| 13.6. | LawnBott |
| APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
Report Statistics
| Pages | 244 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 68 |
| Figures | 145 |
| Forecasts to | 2023 |