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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | The need for batteries |
1.2. | Batteries are a huge success |
1.2.1. | Addressable battery market by end user segment $ billion |
1.2.2. | Battery volume demand in GWh by end use segment 2016-2026 |
1.3. | Problems with batteries |
1.4. | Ongoing lithium-ion fires and explosions |
1.4.1. | Computers, cars, aircraft |
1.4.2. | Hoverboards |
1.4.3. | Next Li-ion failures and production delays due to cutting corners |
1.5. | Impact of maintenance (battery change) |
1.6. | How to improve, shrink and eliminate batteries |
1.7. | Drivers and facilitators of battery elimination |
1.7.1. | How it becomes more necessary and easier |
1.7.2. | Rapid improvement in alternatives and more of them |
1.7.3. | How to eliminate batteries in zero emission power production |
1.7.4. | Huge potential |
1.7.5. | Battery Eliminator Circuits: drones, eliminating PbA EV battery |
1.8. | Peak in car sales k - goodbye to most lead-acid batteries... |
1.9. | Roadmap to elimination of energy storage and sales resulting |
1.10. | Best practice of energy storage elimination today |
1.10.1. | University of Washington USA microwatt phone |
1.10.2. | Triboelectric toys USA |
1.10.3. | CO sensor powered by ambient radio |
1.10.4. | EnOcean Germany microwatt to 3W |
1.10.5. | Battery elimination today at kW |
1.10.6. | IFEVS Italy electric restaurant van |
1.10.7. | Cargo Trike UK |
1.10.8. | Nuna8 Solar racer Netherlands |
1.10.9. | Stella Lux Netherlands energy positive car |
1.10.10. | Solar Ship Canada inflatable wing Canada 10kW |
1.10.11. | MARS UK autonomous boat |
1.11. | Dynamic charging from road Korea |
1.12. | Battery elimination from currently developed land-based technologies |
1.13. | Robot ships, off-grid power, diesel genset replacement: high power off-grid without batteries |
1.14. | Grid, microgrid, genset without batteries one day |
1.15. | Energy harvesting transducer options compared for all applications |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | What is wrong with batteries, alternatives |
2.2. | Many solutions at low and high power, problems in between |
2.3. | Battery Eliminator Circuits BEC |
2.4. | Other uses and BEC development |
2.5. | Solar and wind power reinvented: latest news |
2.6. | Eight19 |
2.7. | Supercapacitor replaces battery - February 2018 |
2.8. | Off Grid EV charging without batteries - March 2018 |
2.9. | Battery elimination with electric aircraft |
3. | ELIMINATING ENERGY STORAGE FROM BUILDING CONTROLS, CELLPHONES |
3.1. | Building controls without energy storage: EnOcean Alliance |
3.2. | Cell phone that requires no batteries |
4. | INTERNET OF THINGS NODES WITHOUT ENERGY STORAGE: ENOCEAN |
4.1. | Easy to install |
4.2. | Fast Installation |
4.3. | Flexible Adaption |
4.4. | More than just the primary function |
4.5. | System |
4.6. | Protocol choice |
4.7. | Distance |
4.8. | Frequency |
4.9. | Protocol options |
4.10. | Bluetooth and Bluetooth Smart |
4.11. | Beacons and Sensor Nodes |
4.12. | Switches |
4.13. | Sensors |
4.14. | Power supply for wireless sensors and beacons |
4.15. | Energy Harvesting |
4.16. | Two way EnOcean: Dolphin Modules & White Label Products now IOT |
4.17. | EnOcean - Information for Intelligent Systems |
4.18. | Silvair partnership July 2017 |
4.19. | Report from the IBM-EnOcean Alliance meeting |
5. | ELECTRIC VEHICLES, SHIPS AND E-COOKING PROGRESS TO NO BATTERY |
5.1. | IFEVS electric restaurant van: cooks pasta without using battery. |
5.2. | Nanowinn Microbus China |
5.3. | Vinerobot micro EV France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Australia |
5.4. | Sunnyclist Greece |
5.5. | Solar golf cars |
5.6. | Solar motor home |
6. | GRID AND OFF GRID POWER WITHOUT ENERGY STORAGE |
6.1. | Overview |
6.1.1. | Definitions |
6.1.2. | Structure |
6.1.3. | Off-grid structural types |
6.1.4. | Capacity factor |
6.2. | Off-grid leading technologies today: PV + Li-ion batteries gain share |
6.3. | Strategies for battery elimination on and off grid |
6.3.1. | Four approaches: together if possible |
6.4. | Promising new sources |
6.4.1. | New wind power |
6.4.2. | Airborne Wind Energy: Better LCOE, Cp, adjustable power, night power |
6.4.3. | Vertical Axis Wind Turbines |
6.4.4. | Future photovoltaics |
6.4.5. | Building Integrated Photovoltaics BIPV |
6.4.6. | Blue energy |
6.5. | Technology and adoption roadmap: harvesting |
6.6. | Mobile solar desalinator with no battery |
6.7. | Rock thermal storage with no battery |
6.8. | Wave energy without batteries |
6.9. | Wind + solar shared electrics: no battery? |
7. | BATTERY ELIMINATION IN DESALINATION: WAVE PRESSURE OR STORED OUTPUT |
8. | ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BATTERY REPLACEMENT |
8.1. | Definition |
8.2. | Features of EH |
8.3. | Low power vs high power off-grid |
8.4. | Types of EH energy source |
8.5. | Ford and EPA assessment of regeneration potential in a car |
8.6. | EH by power level |
8.6.1. | Needs by power level |
8.6.2. | Technologies by power level |
8.6.3. | Vibration and random movement harvesting |
8.7. | EH transducer options compared |
8.8. | Energy storage technologies in comparison |
8.9. | EH system architecture |
8.10. | Energy Harvesting Maturity |
8.11. | Popularity by technology 2017-2027 |
8.11.1. | Overview |
8.11.2. | Typical vibration sources encountered |
8.11.3. | The vibration harvesting opportunity |
8.12. | Some energy harvesting highlights of "IDTechEx Show!" Berlin May 2017 |
8.13. | Market drivers |
8.14. | History of energy harvesting |
8.15. | Problems that are opportunities |
9. | APPLICATIONS NOW AND IN FUTURE |
9.1. | Introduction |
9.1.1. | Energy harvesting is an immature industry |
9.2. | Where is EH used in general? |
9.2.1. | Examples of energy harvesting by power level |
9.2.2. | Hype and success: applications |
9.2.3. | Some EH applications by location |
9.2.4. | Power needs of electronic and electrical products |
9.3. | Regional differences |
9.4. | EH is sometimes introduced then abandoned |
9.5. | Lower power ICs and different design approach facilitate low power EH adoption |
9.6. | Building control, BIPV, IoT for communities, local grid |
9.6.1. | Introduction |
9.6.2. | Electrodynamically operated light switch |
9.6.3. | Building integrated photovoltaics BIPV |
9.6.4. | In communities: IoT |
9.7. | Uses in vehicles |
9.7.1. | Transitional options to EIV |
9.8. | Manufacturers |
9.9. | Toyota view in 2017 with image of the new Prius Prime solar roof |
10. | TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS |
10.1. | Overview |
10.2. | Comparison of options |
10.2.1. | Technology choice by intermittent power generated |
10.2.2. | Roadmap for low power EH: Bosch |
10.2.3. | EH transducer options compared |
10.2.4. | Potential efficiency |
10.2.5. | Hype and success - technology |
10.2.6. | Parameters |
10.2.7. | Multi-modal harvesting today |
10.2.8. | Integrated multi-modal: European Commission Powerweave project etc |
10.2.9. | Wi-Fi harvesting |
11. | TECHNOLOGY: ELECTRODYNAMIC |
11.1. | Overview |
11.2. | Choices of rotating electrical machine technology |
11.3. | Airborne Wind Energy AWE |
11.3.1. | TwingTec Switzerland 10 kW+, Ampyx Power |
11.3.2. | Google Makhani AWE 600kW trial, Enerkite |
11.4. | Typical powertrain components and regenerative braking |
11.5. | Trend to integration in vehicles |
11.6. | Human-powered electrodynamic harvesting |
11.6.1. | Knee Power |
11.7. | Electrodynamic vibration energy harvesting |
11.7.1. | Overview |
11.8. | Electrodynamic regenerative shock absorbers and self-powered active suspension |
11.9. | Flywheel KERS vs motor regen. braking |
11.10. | 3D and 6D movement |
11.11. | Next generation motor generators, turbine EH in vehicles |
12. | TECHNOLOGY: PHOTOVOLTAICS |
12.1. | Overview |
12.2. | pn junction vs alternatives |
12.3. | Wafer vs thin film |
12.4. | Important photovoltaic parameters |
12.5. | Some choices beyond silicon compared |
12.6. | Tightly rollable, foldable, stretchable PV will come |
12.7. | OPV |
12.8. | Photovoltaic electric cooking without batteries |
13. | TECHNOLOGY: THERMOELECTRICS |
13.1. | Basis and fabrication of thermoelectric generators TEG |
13.2. | Choice of active materials |
13.3. | Benefits of Thin Film TE |
13.4. | TEG systems |
13.5. | Automotive TEG |
13.6. | Powering sensor transceivers on bus bars and hot pipes |
13.7. | Flex's Smart Thermos |
13.8. | High power thermoelectrics: tens of watts |
13.9. | High power thermoelectrics: kilowatt |
14. | TECHNOLOGY: PIEZOELECTRICS |
14.1. | Overview |
14.2. | Active materials |
14.2.1. | Overview |
14.2.2. | Exceptional piezo performance announced 2016 |
14.3. | Piezo Effect - Direct |
14.4. | Piezo Effect - Converse |
14.5. | Piezo options compared |
14.6. | Piezo in cars - potential |
14.6.1. | Piezo EH powered tyre sensor |
14.7. | Piezo EH in helicopter |
14.8. | Consumer Electronics |
14.9. | Benefits of Thin Film |
14.10. | Benefits of elastomer: KAIST Korea |
14.11. | Vibration energy harvester (Joule Thief) |
14.12. | Challenges with high power piezoelectrics |
15. | CAPACITIVE ELECTROSTATIC |
15.1. | Principle |
15.2. | Interdigitated to elastomer |
15.3. | Capacitive flexible |
15.3.1. | Dielectric elastomer generators |
15.4. | Creating electricity from ocean waves: best places West Coast of North America, UK, Japan |
15.5. | Creating electricity from ocean waves: the dilemma |
15.6. | High power DEG capacitive wave power trials |
15.7. | MEMS Electrostatic Scavengers |
15.7.1. | Advanced MEMS capacitive vibration harvester in 2016 |
16. | MAGNETOSTRICTIVE, MICROBIAL, NANTENNA |
16.1. | Magnetostrictive |
16.2. | Microbial fuel cells |
16.3. | Nantenna-diode |
17. | TRIBOELECTRIC |
17.1. | Definition |
17.2. | Triboelectric dielectric series |
17.3. | Triboelectric dielectric series examples showing wide choice of properties |
17.4. | Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) |
17.5. | Achievement |
17.6. | Four ways to make a TENG |
17.6.1. | Overview |
17.6.2. | TENG modes with advantages, potential uses |
17.6.3. | Research focus on the four modes |
17.6.4. | Parametric advantages and challenges of triboelectric EH |
17.7. | Be your own battery |
17.8. | Twistron from the University of Texas, Dallas |
17.9. | Triboelectric wave, tire and shirt power, Clemson University |
18. | HYDROGEN OR GRAVITY NOT BATTERIES FOR GRID BALANCING? |
18.1. | Chemistry such as hydrogen |
18.2. | Gravity reinvented |
Slides | 308 |
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Forecasts to | 2028 |