1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Global plastics production to pass 600 million tonnes by 2030 |
1.2. | Awareness around single use plastic pollution |
1.3. | What are bioplastics? |
1.4. | Navigating biobased polymers from monosaccharides |
1.5. | Navigating biobased polymers from vegetable oils |
1.6. | Biobased value add: The Green Premium... |
1.7. | ...versus the price of Brent Crude |
1.8. | The price of oil affects the size of the Green Premium |
1.9. | The four drivers for substitution |
1.10. | Drivers and restraints of market growth |
1.11. | A rapidly growing but uncertain technology |
1.12. | Global production capacities of bioplastics (2019) |
1.13. | Global production capacities of bioplastics by market segment (2019) |
1.14. | Global production capacities of bioplastics by region (2019) |
1.15. | Bioplastics: forecast production capacity by material |
1.16. | Switching to biobased plastics: why so slow? |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Scope of the report |
2.2. | List of acronyms |
2.3. | Key terms and definitions |
2.4. | What are bioplastics? |
2.5. | The three main families of bioplastics |
2.6. | What does "biodegradable" mean? |
2.7. | Recycling polymers |
2.8. | The range of available biobased monomers |
2.9. | Navigating biobased polymers from monosaccharides |
2.10. | Navigating biobased polymers from vegetable oils |
2.11. | Social, economic and environmental megatrends |
2.12. | A rapidly growing but uncertain technology |
2.13. | Global supply of plastics has grown exponentially |
2.14. | Polymer types: thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers |
2.15. | Global production capacities of bioplastics (2019) |
2.16. | Environmental costs: the rising tide of plastic pollution |
2.17. | Biobased value add: The Green Premium... |
2.18. | ...versus the price of Brent Crude |
2.19. | The four drivers for substitution |
3. | SYNTHETIC BIOBASED POLYMERS |
3.1. | Polyesters: polylactic acid |
3.1.1. | What is polylactic acid (PLA)? |
3.1.2. | Production of polylactic acid |
3.1.3. | Lactic acid: bacterial fermentation or chemical synthesis? |
3.1.4. | Optimal lactic acid bacteria strains for fermentation |
3.1.5. | Engineering yeast strains for lactic acid fermentation |
3.1.6. | Fermentation, recovery and purification |
3.1.7. | Polymerisation of lactide and microstructures of PLA |
3.1.8. | Biodegradation of polylactic acid |
3.1.9. | Biodegradation: hydrolysis of PLA |
3.1.10. | Suppliers of lactide and polylactic acid |
3.1.11. | Current and future applications of polylactic acid |
3.1.12. | Polylactic acid: a SWOT analysis |
3.1.13. | Opportunities in the lifecycle of PLA |
3.2. | Polyesters: other polyesters |
3.2.1. | Introduction to polyesters from diacids and diols |
3.2.2. | The range of available biobased polyesters |
3.2.3. | Biobased polyester suppliers |
3.2.4. | Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) |
3.2.5. | Biobased MEG and PET: monomer production |
3.2.6. | Biobased MEG and PET: polymer applications |
3.2.7. | Biobased PDO and PTT: monomer production |
3.2.8. | Biobased PDO and PTT: polymer applications |
3.2.9. | Biobased BDO and PBT: monomer production |
3.2.10. | Biobased BDO and PBT: polymer applications |
3.2.11. | Biobased terephthalic acid |
3.2.12. | Biobased succinic acid and PBS: monomer production |
3.2.13. | Biobased succinic acid and PBS: polymer applications |
3.2.14. | Polyethylene furanoate |
3.2.15. | Biobased furfural compounds: 5-HMF |
3.2.16. | Biobased FDCA and PEF: monomer production |
3.2.17. | Biobased FDCA and PEF: polymer applications |
3.3. | Polyamides |
3.3.1. | Introduction to biobased polyamides |
3.3.2. | Range of available biobased monomers and polyamides |
3.3.3. | Biobased monomer and polyamide suppliers |
3.3.4. | C6: adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and caprolactam |
3.3.5. | C10: sebacic acid and decamethylenediamine |
3.3.6. | C11: 11-aminoundecanoic acid |
3.3.7. | C12: Dodecanedioic acid |
3.3.8. | Polyamide properties, applications and opportunities |
3.4. | Other polymers |
3.4.1. | Other biobased polymers |
3.4.2. | Polyester polyols, polyurethanes and polyisocyanates |
3.4.3. | Cargill: vegetable oil derived polyols |
3.4.4. | Covestro and Reverdia: Impranil eco Succinic acid based polyester polyols |
3.4.5. | BASF: Sovermol 830 Castor oil derived polyether-ester polyol |
3.4.6. | Covestro: PDI and Desmodur eco N 7300 polyisocyanurate |
3.4.7. | Biobased polyolefins |
3.4.8. | Biobased polyolefins: challenging but in demand |
3.4.9. | Braskem: I'm green Polyethylene |
3.4.10. | Biobased isosorbide as a comonomer |
3.4.11. | Roquette: POLYSORB isosorbide |
3.4.12. | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: Durabio |
4. | NATURALLY OCCURRING BIOPLASTICS AND BIOBASED POLYMERS |
4.1. | Polyesters: poly(hydroxyalkanoates) |
4.1.1. | Introduction to poly(hydroxyalkanoates) |
4.1.2. | Suppliers of PHAs |
4.1.3. | PHAs: microstructures and properties |
4.1.4. | Properties of common PHAs |
4.1.5. | Biosynthetic pathways to PHAs |
4.1.6. | Fermentation, recovery and purification |
4.1.7. | PHAs: a SWOT analysis |
4.1.8. | Applications of PHAs |
4.1.9. | Opportunities in PHAs |
4.1.10. | Applications of PHAs: present and future |
4.1.11. | Risks in PHAs |
4.1.12. | PHAs are only made in small quantities |
4.1.13. | PHA production facilities |
4.1.14. | Newlight Technologies |
4.1.15. | Danimer Scientific |
4.2. | Polysaccharides |
4.2.1. | Cellulose |
4.2.2. | Nanocellulose |
4.2.3. | Forms of nanocellulose |
4.2.4. | Nanocellulose up close |
4.2.5. | Applications of nanocellulose |
4.2.6. | CelluForce |
4.2.7. | The Exilva project |
4.2.8. | Manufacturing thermoplastic starch |
4.2.9. | Plantic |
4.2.10. | Seaweed extracts as a packaging material |
4.2.11. | Loliware |
4.2.12. | Ooho! by Notpla |
4.2.13. | Evoware |
4.3. | Proteins: synthetic spider silk |
4.3.1. | Spider Silk Without Spiders |
4.3.2. | Manufacturing synthetic spider silk |
4.3.3. | Applications for Spider Silk |
4.3.4. | Bolt Threads |
4.3.5. | Spiber |
4.3.6. | Kraig Biocraft Laboratories |
5. | DESIGNING AND ENGINEERING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS |
5.1. | Designing and engineering biological systems |
5.2. | Manipulating the central dogma |
5.3. | The vast scope of synthetic biology |
5.4. | Cell factories for biomanufacturing: a range of organisms |
5.5. | The techniques and tools of synthetic biology |
5.6. | DNA synthesis |
5.7. | Gene editing |
5.8. | What is CRISPR? |
5.9. | Strain Construction and optimisation |
5.10. | Framework for developing industrial microbial strains |
5.11. | The Problem with Scale |
6. | MARKET TRENDS AND ANALYSIS |
6.1. | Global plastics production to pass 600 million tonnes by 2030 |
6.2. | Awareness around single use plastic pollution |
6.3. | Are biodegradable plastics the solution? |
6.4. | Reduced carbon dioxide emissions directives |
6.5. | Feedstock competition: food or fuel (or plastics)? |
6.6. | The price of oil affects the size of the Green Premium |
6.7. | Will consumers pay more for green products? |
6.8. | Global production capacities of bioplastics (2019) |
6.9. | Global production capacities of bioplastics by market segment (2019) |
6.10. | Global production capacities of bioplastics by region (2019) |
6.11. | Bioplastics and automotive applications |
6.12. | Bioplastics: processability |
6.13. | Bioplastics: application in packaging |
6.14. | Bioplastics: applicability for flexible packaging |
6.15. | Bioplastics: applicability for rigid packaging |
6.16. | Bioplastics: forecast production capacity by material |
6.17. | Bioplastics: forecast production by polymer type |
6.18. | Bioplastics: forecast by region |
6.19. | Drivers and restraints of market growth |
6.20. | Switching to biobased plastics: why so slow? |