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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | What is Perovskite PV? |
1.2. | Motivation for Perovskite Photovoltaics |
1.3. | Perovskite PV - A High Achiever |
1.4. | Solar PV Technology Status |
1.5. | Perovskite PV Targets Emerging IoT Applications |
1.6. | Perovskite PV for Vertical Building Integration |
1.7. | Perovskite PV Challenges |
1.8. | Thin Film Perovskite PV Roadmap |
1.9. | Porter's Five Forces: Thin Film Perovskite PV Market |
1.10. | SWOT Analysis of Thin Film Perovskite PV |
1.11. | Perovskite on Silicon Tandem Structures |
1.12. | Tandem PV Coming to Rooftops Soon |
1.13. | Tandem Cell Challenges |
1.14. | Silicon-Perovskite Tandem PV Roadmap |
1.15. | Porter's Five Forces: Silicon-Perovskite Tandem PV Market |
1.16. | SWOT Analysis of Tandem PV |
1.17. | Market Readiness of Perovskite Applications |
1.18. | Opportunities in the Supply Chain |
1.19. | Commercialisation of Perovskite PV Underway |
1.20. | Alternative Applications of Perovskites: Overview |
1.21. | Key Takeaways (1) |
1.22. | Key Takeaways (2) |
2. | MARKET FORECASTS |
2.1. | Forecasting Methodology |
2.2. | Forecasting Module Costs |
2.3. | Total Installed PV Capacity Forecast |
2.4. | Module Cost Forecast |
2.5. | Cumulative Installed Solar Farm Capacity |
2.6. | Annual Surface Area Production - Solar Farm |
2.7. | Solar Farm PV Annual Revenue |
2.8. | Cumulative Installed Rooftop Capacity |
2.9. | Annual Surface Area Production - Rooftop |
2.10. | Rooftop PV Annual Revenue |
2.11. | PV Module Costs for Wireless Electronics |
2.12. | Production Forecast for PV-Powered Wireless Electronics |
2.13. | Annual Revenue PV for Wireless Electronics |
2.14. | Total Annual Revenue of Perovskite PV |
2.15. | Annual Perovskite Cell Material Requirements |
2.16. | Substrates Production Forecast |
2.17. | Substrate Annual Revenue Forecast |
2.18. | Perovskite PV Deposition Methods Forecast |
3. | INTRODUCTION |
3.1. | Solar PV is the Fastest Growing Energy Source |
3.2. | Current Landscape of Solar PV |
3.3. | Solar PV Technology Status |
3.4. | CdTe suffers from raw material concerns |
3.5. | CIGS - Key player is exiting the market |
3.6. | What is Perovskite PV? |
3.7. | Perovskite PV - A High Achiever |
3.8. | Motivation for Perovskite Photovoltaics |
3.9. | Perovskite Research Begins to Plateau |
3.10. | Emerging Research Topics in Perovskite PV |
3.11. | Perovskite PV Incentivisation |
3.12. | Have Perovskites Lived Up to Early Expectations? |
3.13. | Comparing Emerging Thin Film Technologies |
3.14. | Perovskite PV Challenges |
3.15. | Perovskite PV could be low-cost alternative to GaAs |
3.16. | Segmenting Perovskite PV Technologies |
3.17. | Commercialisation of Perovskite PV Underway |
3.18. | Perovskite PV Value Chain |
3.19. | Suppliers to the Chain |
3.20. | Opportunities in the Supply Chain |
4. | THIN FILM PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS |
4.1. | Introduction: Motivation for Thin Film Solar Cells |
4.2. | Thin-Film Perovskite Technology |
4.2.1. | How Does a Thin Film Solar Cell Work? |
4.2.2. | Key Solar Cell Performance Metrics |
4.2.3. | Perovskite Solar Cell Evolution |
4.2.4. | n-i-p vs p-i-n configurations |
4.2.5. | Simple structures for scalable perovskite PV |
4.2.6. | Silicon processing is costly and time intensive |
4.2.7. | Perovskites can save time, money, and energy relative to silicon PV |
4.2.8. | Thin Film Perovskite PV Cost Breakdown |
4.2.9. | Thin Film Perovskite PV Roadmap |
4.2.10. | Porter's Five Forces: Thin Film Perovskite PV Market |
4.2.11. | SWOT Analysis of Thin Film Perovskite PV |
4.2.12. | Summary: Thin Film Perovskite Technology |
4.3. | Applications of Thin Film Perovskite PV |
4.3.1. | Introduction: Applications for Thin-Film Solar |
4.3.2. | Meeting Application Requirements - Existing Silicon vs Thin Film Perovskite |
4.3.3. | Thin Film PV for Indoor Energy Harvesting |
4.3.4. | Perovskite PV Could be Cost-Effective Alternative for Wireless Energy Harvesting |
4.3.5. | Perovskite PV Targets Emerging IoT Applications |
4.3.6. | Solar Powered Smart Packaging |
4.3.7. | Where is Thin Film PV Envisaged in Cars? |
4.3.8. | Perovskite PV for Vertical Building Integration |
4.3.9. | Could Perovskites Solve Challenges in PV Automotive Application? |
4.3.10. | Lightyear: Long Range Solar Electric Vehicle |
4.3.11. | Hyundai Introduces Silicon Solar Panels on Cars |
4.3.12. | Armor/ASCA Developing Portable PV Panels |
4.3.13. | Summary |
4.4. | Thin Film Perovskite Industry Players |
4.4.1. | Saule Technologies: Overview |
4.4.2. | Saule Technologies' Key Product |
4.4.3. | Saule Technologies' Value Propositions |
4.4.4. | Saule Technologies' Manufacturing Approach |
4.4.5. | Saule Technologies' Business Model |
4.4.6. | Saule Technologies: SWOT |
4.4.7. | Microquanta Semiconductor: Targeting both thin film and silicon/perovskite tandem. |
4.4.8. | Microquanta Emphasises Stability |
4.4.9. | Microquanta Semiconductor: SWOT |
4.4.10. | GCL New Energy: Established player planning to enter the perovskite market (I) |
4.4.11. | GCL New Energy: Established player planning to enter the perovskite market (II) |
4.4.12. | GCL New Energy: SWOT |
4.4.13. | Swift Solar: Developing thin-film tandem cells |
4.4.14. | Swift Solar's All-Perovskite Approach |
4.4.15. | Swift Solar Perovskite PV for Electric Cars |
4.4.16. | Non-Solution Deposition Techniques Could Benefit All-Perovskite Tandem |
4.4.17. | Swift Solar: SWOT |
4.4.18. | Summary of Players (perovskite thin film) |
5. | PEROVSKITE ON SILICON TANDEM SOLAR CELLS |
5.1. | Tandem Technology |
5.1.1. | Thin film vs tandem perovskite PV |
5.1.2. | Tandem Solar Cells to Surpass Theoretical Efficiency Limits of Single Junction |
5.1.3. | Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Advantages |
5.1.4. | Perovskite on Silicon Tandem Structures |
5.1.5. | Tandem Cell Configurations |
5.1.6. | Tandem Cell Challenges |
5.1.7. | Tandem Process Flow |
5.1.8. | Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Cost Breakdown |
5.1.9. | Silicon-Perovskite Tandem PV Roadmap |
5.1.10. | Porter's Five Forces: Silicon-Perovskite Tandem PV Market |
5.1.11. | SWOT Analysis of Tandem PV |
5.1.12. | Summary |
5.2. | Applications of Tandem Silicon-Perovskite PV |
5.2.1. | Introduction: Applications of Perovskite on Silicon Tandem |
5.2.2. | Tandem PV Coming to Rooftops Soon |
5.2.3. | Tandem PV Could Boost Solar Farms |
5.2.4. | Could Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Work in Windows? |
5.3. | Industry Players |
5.3.1. | Oxford PV: Major player in silicon-perovskite tandem PV |
5.3.2. | Business Model of Oxford PV |
5.3.3. | Oxford PV is entering an unestablished market |
5.3.4. | Oxford PV: SWOT |
5.3.5. | CubicPV: Early stage silicon-perovskite developer |
5.3.6. | CubicPV's Direct Wafer® Method |
5.3.7. | CubicPV: SWOT |
5.3.8. | Summary of Key Players (silicon-perovskite tandem) |
6. | RESOLVING THE STABILITY CHALLENGE |
6.1. | Stability poses a challenge to commercialisation |
6.2. | Extrinsic degradation |
6.3. | Intrinsic degradation mechanisms |
6.4. | Material engineering can improve stability but compromise optical properties |
6.5. | Glass-glass encapsulation to prevent extrinsic degradation |
6.6. | Comparison of common polymer encapsulant materials |
6.7. | Thin Film Encapsulation |
6.8. | Al2O3 is an upcoming thin film encapsulant |
6.9. | Commercial Flexible Encapsulation |
6.10. | Tera Barrier's Solar Barrier Film |
6.11. | Summary: Perovskite stability |
7. | SCALABLE DEPOSITION METHODS FOR PEROVSKITE PV |
7.1. | Introduction: Deposition of Perovskites |
7.2. | Deposition Techniques for Scalable Processing |
7.3. | Sputtering for High Purity Deposition |
7.4. | AACVD is an emerging solution-based vacuum approach |
7.5. | Inkjet Printing for High Spatial Resolution |
7.6. | Blade coating is cheap but inconsistent |
7.7. | Slot-die coating is promising for industry |
7.8. | Spray coating - rapid but wasteful |
7.9. | Poor spatial resolution wastes material |
7.10. | Comparison of Deposition Methods |
7.11. | How to Decide on Perovskite Deposition Methods? |
7.12. | Towards Roll-to-Roll Printing |
7.13. | Novel Deposition Technique by Creaphys/MBraun |
7.14. | Summary of Deposition Methods |
8. | MATERIALS FOR PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS |
8.1. | Introduction to Materials for Perovskite PV |
8.1.1. | Materials Opportunities |
8.2. | Substrate Materials |
8.2.1. | Substrate Choices: Conventional and Emerging |
8.2.2. | Limitations of Rigid Glass Substrates |
8.2.3. | Alternatives to Rigid Glass |
8.2.4. | Flexible Glass Substrates |
8.2.5. | What is Ultra-Thin Flexible Glass? |
8.2.6. | Ultra-Thin Glass Improves Flexibility |
8.2.7. | Encapsulation Advantages of Ultra-Thin Flexible Glass |
8.2.8. | Corning Willow Flexible Glass |
8.2.9. | Schott Solar Flexible Glass |
8.2.10. | Plastic Substrates - Cheap and Flexible |
8.2.11. | Barrier Layer Requirement Increases Cost of Plastic Substrates |
8.2.12. | Why Use Metal Foil Substrates? |
8.2.13. | Substrate Surface Roughness Impacts Cell Performance |
8.2.14. | Substrate Material Supply Opportunities |
8.2.15. | Substrate Cost Comparison |
8.2.16. | Benchmarking Substrate Materials |
8.2.17. | How to Choose a Substrate? |
8.3. | Transparent Conducting Films |
8.3.1. | Strong opportunity for development of alternative TCF materials |
8.3.2. | Wide Choice of Transparent Conducting Films |
8.3.3. | Key TCF properties: haze, transmission and sheet resistance |
8.3.4. | Transparent Conductor Choice Influences Technical Approach |
8.3.5. | Stretchable CNT conducting films |
8.3.6. | Graphene faces a difficult compromise |
8.3.7. | Benefits of silver nanowire TCFs |
8.3.8. | Silver price volatility affects feedstock cost |
8.4. | Perovskite Active Layer |
8.4.1. | Perovskite Material Components |
8.4.2. | Are Lead Concerns Justified? |
8.4.3. | Public Perception vs Reality of Lead |
8.4.4. | Material composition influences optics |
8.4.5. | Perovskite Raw Materials - Commoditised Market |
8.5. | Charge Transport Layers |
8.5.1. | High Demand for Low Cost Transport Layers |
8.5.2. | Organic charge transport layers have high complexity |
8.5.3. | SFX - An Alternative to Spiro? |
8.5.4. | Charge Transport Layer Can Limit Cell Efficiency |
8.5.5. | Inorganic Charge Transport Layers |
8.5.6. | Emergence of HTL-free perovskite cells |
8.5.7. | Carbon-based HTL-free perovskite cells |
8.5.8. | Do HTL-free cells have a future? |
8.5.9. | Summary of Materials |
9. | ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS OF PEROVSKITES |
9.1. | Alternative Applications of Perovskites: Overview |
9.1.1. | Technology Status of Conventional and Alternative Applications of Perovskites |
9.2. | Light Emitting Diodes |
9.2.1. | Working Principle of Perovskite LEDs |
9.2.2. | Opportunity for High Energy UV emitting Perovskite LEDS |
9.2.3. | Wide Variety of Potential Markets for Perovskite LEDs |
9.2.4. | Perovskite LEDs: SWOT |
9.3. | Photodetectors |
9.3.1. | Introduction to Thin Film Photodetectors |
9.3.2. | Photodetector Working Principles |
9.3.3. | Segmenting the Electromagnetic Spectrum |
9.3.4. | Perovskite Absorption Limited to Visible Range |
9.3.5. | Holst Centre Perovskite Based Image Sensors |
9.3.6. | Photodetectors for Autonomous Vehicles |
9.3.7. | Perovskite Photodetectors: SWOT |
9.4. | X-Ray Detectors |
9.4.1. | Siemens Healthineers: Direct X-Ray Sensing with Perovskites |
9.4.2. | X-Ray Detectors: SWOT |
9.5. | Perovskite quantum dots |
9.5.1. | Perovskite quantum dots for color enhancement/conversion (I) |
9.5.2. | Perovskite quantum dots for color enhancement/conversion (II) |
9.5.3. | Perovskite Quantum Dot Lasers |
9.5.4. | Perovskite Quantum Dots: SWOT |
Slides | 245 |
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Forecasts to | 2033 |