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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Primary conclusions: market and technology dynamics |
1.2.1. | Market |
1.3. | Primary conclusions: technology specifics |
1.4. | Primary conclusions: Emerging industries |
1.4.1. | Internet of Things and LPWAN potential |
1.4.2. | Healthcare |
1.4.3. | Military, industrial, automotive and aerospace |
1.5. | Multimode harvesting, no battery |
1.6. | Device power harvested and needed in device use with examples |
1.7. | Power range needed |
1.8. | Energy harvesting options to power electronic devices |
1.9. | Most promising future applications by preferred technology |
1.10. | Energy harvesting for electronics forecasts |
1.10.1. | Summary and roadmap 2020-2040 |
1.10.2. | Photovoltaic energy harvesting for electronics: units, unit price, market value 2020-2040 |
1.10.3. | Thermoelectric energy harvesting for electronics: units, unit price, market value 2020-2040 |
1.10.4. | Piezoelectric energy harvesting for electronics: market units, unit price, market value 2020-2040 |
1.10.5. | Triboelectric transducer and self-powered sensors 2020-2040 $ million |
1.10.6. | Electrodynamic energy harvesting for electronics: units, unit price, market value 2020-2040 |
1.10.7. | Forecast for pico products (flashlights, lanterns etc) with integral harvesting |
1.11. | Addressable end uses for energy harvesting for electronics |
1.11.1. | Wearable technology |
1.11.2. | Augmented reality AR / virtual reality VR |
1.11.3. | Cardiac monitoring skin patches |
1.11.4. | Skin patches for continuous diabetes management |
1.11.5. | Medical motion sensing patches |
1.11.6. | Haptics |
1.11.7. | Mobile phones |
1.11.8. | Battery assisted and active RFID |
1.11.9. | Low power WAN connections 2020-2030 |
1.12. | Li-ion battery demand, GWh 2020-2030 and price trend |
2. | NEW MARKET TRENDS |
2.1. | Overview |
2.2. | Features of energy harvesting for electronic devices |
2.3. | Energy harvesting system design |
2.4. | Picogrids |
2.5. | Pico products |
2.6. | Power offered: technology choices for harvesting |
2.7. | Move to flexible and multi-mode harvesters |
2.8. | Trend to flexible energy harvesting and sensing |
2.9. | Energy harvesting of motion: transducer options compared |
2.9.1. | Vibration harvesting |
2.9.2. | Harvesting for wearables and mobile phones |
2.9.3. | Hug opportunities in IoT, LPWAN and allied areas |
2.9.4. | EH developers should talk to these 21 LPWAN silicon manufacturers |
2.9.5. | EH developers should talk to these 17 WPAN module and chipset makers |
3. | EMERGING PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONICS |
3.1. | Examples of photovoltaics in electronic devices |
3.2. | PV mechanisms: status, benefits, challenges, market potential compared |
3.3. | Wafer vs thin film photovoltaics 2020-2040 |
3.4. | Photovoltaic trends and priorities 2020-2040 |
3.5. | Single crystal scSi vs polycrystal pSi |
3.6. | Amorphous silicon dead end |
3.7. | Thin film more efficient than rigid silicon 2030-2040? |
3.8. | Important PV options beyond silicon compared |
3.9. | Production readiness of Si alternatives for mainstream electronics |
3.10. | Best research-cell efficiencies 1975-2020 |
3.11. | Photovoltaic wild cards: 2D semiconductors, quantum dots, rectenna arrays |
4. | TRIBOELECTRIC HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONICS |
4.1. | Overview |
4.2. | Basics |
4.3. | Targeted applications |
4.3.1. | Performance available matched to potential applications |
4.3.2. | Some targeted medical applications |
4.3.3. | Battery free electronics: toys, biosensors, wearables |
4.3.4. | Transparent, stretchable: an example |
4.3.5. | Wind, river or tidal generation for electronic devices |
4.4. | Triboelectric dielectric series |
4.5. | Materials opportunities |
4.6. | Work combining TENG with other harvesting |
5. | THERMOELECTRIC AND PYROELECTRIC HARVESTING FOR ELECTRONICS |
5.1. | Basics |
5.1.1. | Thermoelectric generator design considerations |
5.1.2. | Thermoelectric harvester improvement 2020-2040 |
5.1.3. | TEG layouts and materials |
5.1.4. | TEG material choices and improvement roadmap |
5.1.5. | Thin film thermoelectric generators |
5.1.6. | TEG materials, processing and designs compared |
5.2. | SOFT report on TE for electronics |
5.3. | Examples of commercial and imminent applications |
5.4. | Gentherm Global Power Technologies |
5.5. | Marlow Industries |
5.6. | Best in class: Matrix Industries |
5.7. | Building & home automation: EnOcean |
5.8. | KCF Technologies |
5.9. | Automotive and IoT |
5.10. | PowerPot™ Biolite ™ and Spark ™ charging personal electronics |
5.11. | Other industrial, military |
5.12. | Collaborations, mergers and exits |
5.13. | Impactful new research |
5.13.1. | Thermoelectric power generation at room temperature |
5.13.2. | First stretchable thermoelectrics |
5.13.3. | TEG power boost by mechanical shuttling |
5.14. | Pyroelectric underwhelms |
5.15. | Report January 2021 - Energy harvesting made possible with skin temperature |
6. | ELECTRODYNAMIC |
6.1. | Basics |
6.2. | EnOcean GmbH and EnOcean Alliance |
6.3. | Seiko Kinetic electrodynamically harvesting watch |
6.4. | Kinetron |
6.5. | Kinetron micro turbines |
6.6. | Harnessing linear movement |
6.7. | Human movement harvesting |
6.8. | Crank charged consumer electronics |
6.9. | Travellers use wind, water |
6.10. | 6D movement harvesting |
6.11. | Witt Energy |
7. | PIEZOELECTRIC |
7.1. | Basics |
7.2. | Piezo harvester application by mode |
7.3. | Manufacture: Typical processes |
7.4. | Printed and flexible piezoelectric harvesters |
7.5. | Gallium phosphate |
7.6. | Collagen piezoelectric for disposables, implants, wearables |
7.7. | MEMS |
7.8. | Examples of MEMS harvesting |
7.9. | Piezoelectric switches |
7.10. | Applications and research |
7.11. | Piezo harvesters for the human body |
7.12. | Conformal piezoelectric harvesting for implants |
7.13. | Inner ear |
7.14. | Wrist health monitor |
7.15. | Patient behaviour monitoring |
7.16. | Automotive and aerospace |
7.17. | Algra |
8. | MAN-MADE AMBIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, OTHER |
8.1. | Electromagnetic radiation made for other purposes |
8.2. | Power cable magnetic field |
8.3. | Cellular transmissions |
8.4. | Terahertz radiation |
8.5. | Microbial fuel cells and other options |
Slides | 221 |
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Forecasts to | 2040 |