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Traction Batteries for Electric Vehicles Land, Water & Air 2012-2022
Cars, buses, two wheelers, industrial, commercial, mobility for disabled, military, marine, aircraft, other
Updated in July 2013
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Description
Contents, Table & Figures List
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Description
This comprehensive report has detailed assessments and forecasts for all the sectors using and likely to use traction batteries. There are chapters on heavy industrial, light industrial/commercial, mobility for the disabled, two wheel and allied, pure electric cars, hybrid cars, golf cars, military, marine and other. The profusion of pictures, diagrams and tables pulls the subject together to give an independent view of the future ten years. Unit sales, unit prices and total market value are forecast for each sector for 2012-2022. The replacement market is quantified and ten year technology trends by sector are in there too, with a view on winning and losing technologies and companies.
Global EV sales, in thousands*
*For the full forecast data please purchase this report
Source: IDTechEx
This is the essential reference book for those who are anywhere in the hybrid and pure electric vehicle value chain. Those making materials, cells, battery sets or vehicles, researchers, legislators and market analysts will find it invaluable.
The whole picture
With vehicle traction batteries it is important to look at the whole picture and this report does it for the first time. The rapidly growing market for traction batteries will exceed $55 billion in only ten years. However that spans battery sets up to $500,000 each with great sophistication needed for military, marine and solar aircraft use. Huge numbers of low cost batteries are being used for e-bikes but even here several new technologies are appearing. The largest replacement market is for e-bikes today and the value market for replacement batteries will not be dominated by cars when these batteries last the life of the car - something likely to happen within ten years. The trends are therefore complex and that is why IDTechEx has analysed them with great care.
Vehicle manufacturers are often employing new battery technology first in their forklifts or e-bikes, not cars, yet there is huge progress with car batteries as well - indeed oversupply is probable in this sector at some stage. The mix is changing too. The second largest volume of electric vehicles made in 2010 was mobility aids for the disabled but in ten years time it will be hybrid cars. The market for car traction batteries will be larger than the others but there will only be room for six or so winners in car batteries and other suppliers and users will need to dominate their own niches to achieve enduring growth and profits. Strategy must be decided now.
In this report, researched in 2010 and 2012 and frequently updated, we analyse the successes, the needs, the statistics and the market potential for traction batteries for all the major applications. This has never been done before. It is important to look at the whole picture because traction battery manufacturers typically sell horizontally across many applications and electric vehicle manufacturers increasingly make versions for many applications - heavy industrial, on road, leisure and so on. Indeed, the smarter putative suppliers will choose the sectors that best leverage their strengths rather than join the herd and be obliterated by corporations of up to $100 billion in size enjoying prodigious government support.
Free Electric Vehicle Encyclopedia when you purchase this report
Electric Vehicle experts IDTechEx have encapsulated over ten years of research and analysis into an easy to digest electric vehicle encyclopedia. All the technologies are covered and supported with over 100 tables and illustrations and over 200 acronyms and terms are explained. This encyclopedia, worth $1,500, is given as a free PDF download when you buy this report.
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Further information
If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at research@IDTechEx.com or call one of our sales managers:
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | The decade of hybrid vehicles |
| 1.1. | Numbers of traction battery packs for two wheelers, cars and mobility for the disabled compared in thousands, sold globally in new vehicles, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
| 1.1. | Comparison of the price, performance, safety compromise of lithium-ion traction battery packs |
| 1.2. | Numbers of vehicle traction batteries, in thousands, sold globally in new vehicles, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
| 1.2. | Ex-factory unit price of traction battery packs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
| 1.2. | Market 2012-2022 |
| 1.2.1. | Strong numbers growth |
| 1.3. | Replacement business |
| 1.3. | Global market value of traction battery packs, in millions of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.3. | Ex-factory unit price of traction battery packs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
| 1.3.1. | China |
| 1.3.2. | Replacement market |
| 1.4. | The IDTechEx analysis of 138 lithium-based rechargeable battery manufacturers |
| 1.4. | Global market value of traction battery packs, in millions of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.4. | Here comes lithium |
| 1.4.1. | Lithium-ion or something else? |
| 1.4.2. | Lessons from geographical spread |
| 1.4.3. | Lessons from market positioning |
| 1.4.4. | Cathode chemistry |
| 1.4.5. | Anode chemistry |
| 1.4.6. | Solid or gel polymer or glassy inorganic electrolyte |
| 1.4.7. | Containment cases |
| 1.4.8. | Most Li-ion manufacturers being outflanked by supercapacitors |
| 1.4.9. | Where will we be in ten years' time? |
| 1.4.10. | Making lithium batteries safe |
| 1.5. | Price war |
| 1.5. | Planar Energy roadmap |
| 1.5. | Replacement market for traction battery packs in value $ million 2011 to 2021 |
| 1.5.1. | $30 billion industry - two thirds vehicle traction |
| 1.6. | Massive investments |
| 1.6. | Traction battery technologies in 2011, number percentage lead acid, NiMH and lithium |
| 1.6. | Number of manufacturers making or preparing to make lithium-ion vs other types of lithium-based battery % rounded. |
| 1.6.1. | Government support |
| 1.6.2. | Stronger value growth, hybrids pull ahead |
| 1.6.3. | Mark ups through the value chain |
| 1.7. | Largest sectors |
| 1.7. | Manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries by country % rounded |
| 1.7. | Traction battery technologies in 2021 number percentage lead acid, NiMH and lithium |
| 1.7.1. | Trends |
| 1.7.2. | Battery chemistry |
| 1.7.3. | Battery shape and photovoltaics |
| 1.7.4. | Ribbon and conformal batteries |
| 1.7.5. | Heavy industrial sector |
| 1.7.6. | The light industrial and commercial sector |
| 1.7.7. | Mobility for the disabled |
| 1.7.8. | Two wheel and allied vehicles |
| 1.7.9. | Cars |
| 1.7.10. | Golf |
| 1.7.11. | Military |
| 1.7.12. | Marine |
| 1.7.13. | Other |
| 1.8. | Market for EV components |
| 1.8. | Nomenclature for lithium-based rechargeable batteries |
| 1.8. | Priority applicational sectors for lithium-based rechargeable battery manufacturers, some having more than one priority. |
| 1.8.1. | Timelines |
| 1.8.2. | Watch Japan, China and Korea |
| 1.8.3. | Full circle back to pure EVs |
| 1.8.4. | Range extenders |
| 1.8.5. | Envia breakthrough in 2012 |
| 1.8.6. | Winning strategies |
| 1.9. | Who is winning in lithium-ion traction batteries - and why |
| 1.9. | Winners in niche and volume sales of lithium-ion batteries by market sector and positioning. |
| 1.9. | 138 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries with country, cathode and anode chemistry, electrolyte morphology, case type, applicational priorities and customer relationships, if any, in sel |
| 1.9.1. | The needs have radically changed |
| 1.9.2. | Winner will be Toyota? |
| 1.9.3. | Laminar structure |
| 1.10. | Choice of electrolyte chemistry |
| 1.10. | Applicants to accelerate the manufacturing and deployment of the next generation of US batteries and electric vehicles |
| 1.10. | The cathode chemistry chosen by 138 manufacturers of lithium based batteries, some choosing several options |
| 1.11. | The anode chemistry chosen by 138 manufacturers of lithium based batteries, some choosing several options |
| 1.11. | Main market drivers 2010-2020 |
| 1.11. | Boeing Dreamliner: Implications for electric aircraft |
| 1.11.1. | Lithium-ion batteries: Further GS Yuasa troubles |
| 1.12. | US Department of Energy roadmap for lithium-ion batteries |
| 1.12. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold and those that plug in thousands 2012-2022 |
| 1.12. | Polymer, glassy inorganic and liquid electrolyte choice between 138 manufacturers of lithium-based batteries. |
| 1.13. | The UPS 747 that crashed in the UAE with a shipment of lithium batteries |
| 1.13. | Breakdown of global market in 2010 for light industrial and commercial vehicles - global park, new vehicles, % electric, number of battery packs at one per vehicle, ex-factory unit price and value for the subsections Buses, Other |
| 1.14. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2010-2020 |
| 1.14. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold in thousands 2012-2022 |
| 1.15. | Market breakdown for light industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2010 in $ billion - buses, other on road, airport GSE, other off road |
| 1.15. | Components and subsystems fitted in new electric vehicles 2010-2020 in thousands |
| 1.16. | Highlights 2010-2020 |
| 1.16. | Market breakdown for industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2020 in billions of dollars - buses, other on road, off road |
| 1.17. | Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars and other electric vehicles that mainly employ conventional internal combustion engines today. This shows the convergence of hybrid and pure electric technologies |
| 1.17. | What is on the way in or out with traction batteries |
| 1.18. | Evolution of lithium traction batteries 2010-2030 |
| 1.19. | Geely IG solar car |
| 1.20. | Japanese ten meter long deep sea cruising AUV, the URASHIMA |
| 1.21. | Bionic dolphin |
| 1.22. | Deepflight Merlin |
| 1.23. | Cri-Cri pure electric stunt plane new in 2010 |
| 1.24. | Oshkosh truck |
| 1.25. | Burning Dreamliner pictures |
| 1.26. | A summary of the theoretical energy density of advanced rechargeable battery chemistries compared with theoretical graphene supercapacitor |
| 1.27. | US Department of Energy roadmap for lithium-ion batteries and their possible battery successor technologies |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Definitions, scope, history |
| 2.1. | EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years |
| 2.1. | Some ways to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium-ion car traction batteries |
| 2.2. | Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020 |
| 2.2. | Electric vehicle value chain |
| 2.2. | The EV value chain |
| 2.3. | Pure electric vs hybrid vehicles |
| 2.3. | Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs |
| 2.3. | Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs |
| 2.4. | Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies |
| 2.4. | Battery cells, modules, packs |
| 2.5. | Construction of battery packs |
| 2.5. | Nikkei forecast of lithium battery cost reduction by year at 80 yen per dollar |
| 2.5.1. | Changing factors |
| 2.5.2. | Molten salt - GE Durathon |
| 2.5.3. | NiMH vs lithium |
| 2.5.4. | Replacement traction battery pack market 2011-2021 |
| 2.5.5. | Plug in hybrids take over from mild hybrids |
| 2.6. | Pure electric and hybrid converge |
| 2.6. | Cost structure of lithium cobalt batteries according to Deutsche Bank Securities |
| 2.6.1. | Two options converge |
| 2.7. | Fuel cells |
| 2.7. | Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles |
| 2.8. | Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green |
| 2.8. | The ideal car traction battery pack |
| 2.9. | Traction batteries today |
| 2.9. | Battery specification based on end of life |
| 2.10. | Car traction battery operating requirements compared |
| 2.10. | First generation lithium traction batteries |
| 2.11. | Second generation lithium traction batteries |
| 2.12. | The future |
| 2.12.1. | Third generation lithium traction batteries |
| 2.12.2. | Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage |
| 2.12.3. | Companies wishing to make the new batteries |
| 2.13. | How to improve lithium traction batteries |
| 2.13.1. | Basic needs |
| 2.13.2. | Life |
| 2.13.3. | Energy density |
| 2.13.4. | Safety |
| 2.14. | USA and Europe play catch up |
| 2.15. | Technological leapfrog |
| 2.16. | Academic research and small companies |
| 2.17. | Industrial leverage |
| 2.17.1. | Major funding can have strange impacts |
| 2.17.2. | Rapid profits for some |
| 2.17.3. | Impediments |
| 2.18. | Benefits of EVs |
| 2.19. | Traction battery design considerations |
| 2.20. | Future evolution of hybrids and pure electric cars |
| 2.20.1. | Specification changes |
| 2.20.2. | Move to high voltage |
| 2.20.3. | Battery performance over time - battery life |
| 2.20.4. | Battery state of charge |
| 2.20.5. | Depth of discharge affects life |
| 2.20.6. | Capacity rating |
| 2.20.7. | Daily depth of discharge |
| 2.20.8. | Charging and discharging rates |
| 2.21. | Requirements - hybrids vs pure electric |
| 2.21.1. | Plug in requirements align with pure electric cars |
| 2.21.2. | Hybrids need power and pure electrics need capacity - for now |
| 2.21.3. | Parallel hybrids differ |
| 2.21.4. | Plug in hybrids try to be the best of both worlds |
| 2.21.5. | Watt hours per mile |
| 2.21.6. | Charging rates |
| 2.21.7. | Custom packaging |
| 2.22. | Fast charging batteries and infrastructure |
| 3. | PROGRESS WITH NEW GENERATION LITHIUM TRACTION BATTERIES |
| 3.1. | Introduction |
| 3.1. | Future improvement in power and energy density |
| 3.1. | Typical lithium iron phosphate traction battery |
| 3.2. | Subaru lithium ion manganese battery |
| 3.2. | Lithium manganese |
| 3.3. | Lithium iron phosphate |
| 3.3. | Mitsubishi lithium-ion batteries for cars |
| 3.4. | Lithium air batteries |
| 3.4. | Lithium air and lithium metal |
| 3.5. | Lithium sulfur |
| 3.5. | Li-S Cell Configuration |
| 3.6. | Ragone plots for different rechargeable systems |
| 3.6. | Other challenges |
| 3.7. | Active Materials Transformation Diagram |
| 3.8. | Prototype lithium sulfur battery by Sion Power |
| 4. | HEAVY INDUSTRIAL EVS |
| 4.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 4.1. | East Penn lead acid battery for golf cars |
| 4.1. | Twenty examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country |
| 4.1.1. | GE USA |
| 4.1.2. | East Penn Manufacturing Corporation USA |
| 4.1.3. | Furukawa Battery Japan |
| 4.1.4. | Nissan lithium forklift Japan |
| 4.1.5. | Balqon lithium heavy duty vehicles USA |
| 4.2. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 4.2. | Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks |
| 4.2. | Furukawa Cycle-service storage battery for Golf Cars |
| 4.3. | Distribution of trade volume for heavy industrial EVs |
| 4.3. | Market size |
| 4.4. | Heavy industrial traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 4.4. | Global league table of powered industrial truck manufacturers 2012 by value of sales |
| 4.5. | Global sales of heavy industrial battery sets at one per vehicle, by numbers, ex-factory unit price and total value 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
| 5. | LIGHT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL EVS |
| 5.1. | 150 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs and drive trains by country and examples of their products |
| 5.1. | Chevrolet Volt lithium-ion battery |
| 5.1.1. | Sub categories |
| 5.1.2. | Buses |
| 5.2. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 5.2. | Chrysler electric minivan |
| 5.2. | Global sales of light industrial and commercial vehicle traction battery sets at one per new vehicle by numbers thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded |
| 5.2.1. | A123 Systems now part of Wanxiang |
| 5.2.2. | Axeon UK |
| 5.2.3. | Eaton Corporation USA |
| 5.2.4. | KD Advanced Battery Group Dow USA Kokam Korea |
| 5.2.5. | Lithium Technology Corporation/GAIA USA |
| 5.2.6. | MAGNA STEYR AG & Co KG Austria |
| 5.2.7. | Valence Technologies USA |
| 5.2.8. | Lishen Power Battery China |
| 5.3. | Market drivers |
| 5.3. | Breakdown of global market in 2010 for light industrial and commercial vehicles - global park, new vehicles, % electric, number of battery sets at one per new vehicle, ex-factory unit price and value for the subsections Full Size |
| 5.3. | Smith electric vehicle |
| 5.3.1. | Governments get involved |
| 5.4. | Importance of batteries and power trains |
| 5.4. | Magna Steyr traction battery pack capability |
| 5.4.1. | Freightliner and Enova |
| 5.4.2. | China Vehicles Company |
| 5.4.3. | Ford Transit |
| 5.5. | EVs for local services |
| 5.5. | Magna Steyr energy battery for pure electric and plug in hybrid cars |
| 5.6. | Magna Steyr power battery for hybrid cars |
| 5.6. | Airport EVs |
| 5.7. | Small people-movers |
| 5.7. | EVI truck powered by Valence lithium-ion batteries |
| 5.8. | Lishen Power battery products |
| 5.8. | Light industrial aids |
| 5.8.1. | Heavy duty on-road trucks become hybrids |
| 5.9. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 5.9. | Freightliner MT-45 step van uses 120kW Enova electric drive system |
| 5.10. | Electric pick up truck from China Vehicles Company |
| 5.10. | Light industrial / commercial traction battery market forecasts 2011-2021 |
| 5.11. | Ford Transit pure EV |
| 6. | MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED |
| 6.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 6.1. | The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group |
| 6.1. | The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2010 |
| 6.2. | The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe |
| 6.2. | Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413 |
| 6.2. | The sector with the most compelling and enduring need |
| 6.3. | Laws make mobility easier |
| 6.3. | The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that were and will be sold in Europe 2005 to 2015 |
| 6.4. | The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015 |
| 6.4. | Interchina Industry Group China |
| 6.5. | Market drivers |
| 6.5. | Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage split in 2005, 2010 and 2020 |
| 6.5.1. | Geographical distribution |
| 6.5.2. | Zhejiang R&P Industry China |
| 6.6. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 6.6. | 83 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country |
| 6.7. | Global sales of traction battery sets used in mobility aids for the disabled at one set per new vehicle, by number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2011 to 2021, rounded |
| 6.7. | Mobility aid traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 6.7.1. | Growth by creating new markets |
| 7. | TWO WHEELED EVS AND ALLIED VEHICLES |
| 7.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 7.1. | Prices and performance of electric two wheelers |
| 7.1. | Toshiba e-bike battery |
| 7.1.1. | Advanced Battery Technologies (ABAT) China |
| 7.1.2. | Leyden Energy USA |
| 7.1.3. | PowerGenix USA |
| 7.1.4. | Toshiba Japan |
| 7.2. | Batteries and specifications for two wheelers |
| 7.2. | Yamaha EC-f and EC-fs concept electric scooters |
| 7.2. | 70 examples of manufacturers of two wheel EVs and electric quad bikes |
| 7.2.1. | Electric two wheelers prices and performance |
| 7.2.2. | Yamaha lithium Japan |
| 7.2.3. | Eko Vehicles lead acid scooters India |
| 7.2.4. | Honda lithium motorcycle Japan |
| 7.2.5. | Peugeot lithium scooter France |
| 7.3. | Hybrid motorcycles |
| 7.3. | Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order) |
| 7.3. | Yamaha EC03 |
| 7.3.1. | YikeBike lithium New Zealand |
| 7.4. | The big winners in western markets |
| 7.4. | Eko Vehicles ET-120 hybrid scooter |
| 7.4. | 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry |
| 7.5. | Listing of light electric scooter makers in China. Most use lead-acid battery chemistry but there is a move to lithium-ion batteries |
| 7.5. | Honda EV Cub sports twin, front and rear electric drive motors |
| 7.5. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 7.5.1. | 70 examples of manufacturers |
| 7.5.2. | China |
| 7.6. | Two wheeled and allied traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 7.6. | Peugeot E-Vivacity electric scooter planned for 2010 |
| 7.6. | Global sales of two wheel and allied battery sets at one per new vehicle, number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded |
| 7.7. | Global Replacement market for traction battery packs for two wheel vehicles in value $ million 2010-2020 |
| 7.7. | YikeBike in action |
| 8. | GOLF EVS |
| 8.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 8.1. | 18 examples of golf EV manufacturers |
| 8.1.1. | Change of leader? Ingersoll Rand and Textron USA |
| 8.1.2. | Suzhou Eagle and many others in China |
| 8.2. | Listing of manufacturers |
| 8.2. | Global sales of electric golf car battery sets in number at one per new vehicle, thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
| 8.3. | Geographical split of golf EV sales by value 2010, 2015, 2020 |
| 8.3. | Golf car and caddy traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 9. | CARS |
| 9.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 9.1. | BYD financials |
| 9.1. | Nissan Leaf battery |
| 9.1.1. | Automotive Energy Supply Japan |
| 9.1.2. | Panasonic EV Energy, Sanyo Japan |
| 9.1.3. | Blue Energy, Lithium Energy Japan - GS Yuasa Japan with Honda, Mitsubishi |
| 9.1.4. | Bolloré France |
| 9.1.5. | Boston Power |
| 9.1.6. | BYD China |
| 9.1.7. | China BAK in China |
| 9.1.8. | Coda Battery Systems, Yardney USA, Tianjin Lishen China |
| 9.1.9. | Continental Germany and ENAX Japan |
| 9.1.10. | Envia Systems USA |
| 9.1.11. | Hitachi Japan |
| 9.1.12. | IBM and National laboratories USA |
| 9.1.13. | Inci Holding Turkey |
| 9.1.14. | LG Chem Korea with Compact Power |
| 9.1.15. | LiFeBATT Taiwan |
| 9.1.16. | Li-Tec Evonik Industries Germany and Daimler |
| 9.1.17. | Mitsubishi Japan with Sumitomo Japan |
| 9.1.18. | Next Alternative Germany, Micro Bubble Technology Korea |
| 9.1.19. | Planar Energy Devices USA |
| 9.1.20. | Sakti3 USA and General Motors USA |
| 9.1.21. | SB LiMotive Co. Ltd - Samsung Korea with Bosch Germany |
| 9.1.22. | SmartBatt project Europe |
| 9.1.23. | Sony Japan |
| 9.1.24. | Superlattice Power USA |
| 9.2. | Rapid increase in number of manufacturers |
| 9.2. | Pininfarina Bolloré B0 electric car powered by Bolloré Batscap lithium metal polymer batteries as opposed to Li-ion |
| 9.2. | 121 examples of manufacturers of electric cars including pictures of many Chinese electric cars |
| 9.2.1. | Examples of manufacturers |
| 9.2.2. | Recharging points |
| 9.2.3. | Battery changing points |
| 9.2.4. | Can the grid cope? |
| 9.3. | Car traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 9.3. | IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery pack sales in $ billion 2011 to 2021 |
| 9.3. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar cross section showing battery |
| 9.3.1. | Total car traction battery market value 2011 to 2021 |
| 9.3.2. | Battery pack market by car type 2012-2022 |
| 9.3.3. | Hybrid battery prices |
| 9.3.4. | Replacement car traction battery pack market 2010-2020 |
| 9.4. | LEV electric car by Qingyuan Motors |
| 9.4. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold and those that plug in thousands 2012-2022 |
| 9.5. | Replacement market for car traction battery packs in value $ million 2010-2020 |
| 9.5. | Continental lithium ion traction battery |
| 9.6. | Safety testing of Continental lithium ion traction batteries |
| 9.7. | 25Ah lithium-ion battery cell for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles |
| 9.8. | LiFeBATT manufacture |
| 9.9. | IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery pack sales in $ billion 2011 to 2021 |
| 9.10. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold in thousands 2012-2022 |
| 9.11. | Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars ex-factory price 2010-2020 |
| 9.12. | Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars value in million dollars 2010-2020 |
| 9.13. | Replacement market for car traction battery packs in value $ million 2010-2020 |
| 10. | PURE ELECTRIC CARS |
| 10.1. | Electricity solely for traction |
| 10.1. | Gemcar |
| 10.2. | The planned Nissan Leaf pure electric car |
| 10.2. | Examples of pure EV cars |
| 10.2.1. | Nissan Leaf lithium Japan, UK, USA |
| 10.2.2. | Here come the Chinese - BYD, Brilliance, Geely, Chengfang |
| 10.2.3. | Jianghsu lead acid China |
| 10.2.4. | High performance pure lithium EVs - Tesla USA |
| 10.2.5. | Lightning lithium UK |
| 10.2.6. | Subaru Stella lithium Japan |
| 10.2.7. | REVA lead acid or lithium India |
| 10.2.8. | Club Car lead acid USA |
| 10.2.9. | Tara Tiny lead acid India |
| 10.2.10. | Mitsubishi iMiEV lithium Japan |
| 10.2.11. | Renault Nissan lithium France |
| 10.3. | Nissan leaf lithium traction batteries |
| 10.4. | The BYD E6 pure EV car |
| 10.5. | Jianghsu DHCLBC EF-1 car |
| 10.6. | The gloriously empty Tesla Model S shows the way with structural components |
| 10.7. | Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car |
| 10.8. | Tesla battery pack with coolant tubes at bottom. |
| 10.9. | The Lighting pure electric sports car |
| 10.10. | Subaru Stella pure electric vehicle |
| 10.11. | REVA pure EV car |
| 10.12. | The Club Car street legal car launched in 2009 |
| 10.13. | Tara Tiny |
| 10.14. | Mitsubishi pure EV car |
| 10.15. | Mitsubishi i-MiEV |
| 11. | HYBRID CARS |
| 11.1. | Construction and advantages of hybrids |
| 11.1. | Evolution of EV design for on-road and many non-road vehicles |
| 11.1. | Prius NiMH traction battery evolution |
| 11.1.1. | Evolution |
| 11.1.2. | Frazer Nash Namir lithium UK |
| 11.1.3. | Chevrolet Volt lithium USA |
| 11.1.4. | Toyota Prius NiMH, lithium Japan |
| 11.1.5. | Fisker Karma lithium USA |
| 11.2. | Frazer Nash Namir |
| 11.3. | Toyota Prius NiMH traction battery |
| 11.4. | Toyota Highlander Hybrid Battery |
| 12. | MILITARY |
| 12.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 12.1. | Altairnano view of some of the primary performance advantages of its lithium traction batteries |
| 12.1. | 26 suppliers of military EVs |
| 12.1.1. | ABSL UK |
| 12.1.2. | Altair Nanotechnologies (Altairnano) USA |
| 12.1.3. | Electrovaya Canada |
| 12.1.4. | Hummer |
| 12.1.5. | Chrysler |
| 12.1.6. | Saft France, Johnson Controls USA |
| 12.2. | Examples of military EVs |
| 12.2. | Global sales of military vehicle traction battery sets at one per new vehicle in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
| 12.2. | Hummer H3 ReEV Lithium Ion SuperPolymer battery pack made by Electrovaya. |
| 12.2.1. | Manned land vehicles. |
| 12.2.2. | Hummer lithium USA / China |
| 12.2.3. | Quantum Technologies lithium USA |
| 12.2.4. | US Army trucks etc - ZAP, Columbia ParCar USA |
| 12.2.5. | Oshkosh Truck Corp USA |
| 12.2.6. | Plug-in trucks - BAE Systems UK |
| 12.2.7. | Electric robot vehicles USA |
| 12.3. | In the air |
| 12.3. | Oshkosh truck |
| 12.3.1. | Disposable surveillance aircraft |
| 12.3.2. | DARPA insects USA |
| 12.3.3. | COM-BAT lithium robot bat USA |
| 12.3.4. | Aerovironment electric aircraft USA |
| 12.4. | Examples of military EVs - in the water |
| 12.4. | COM-BAT |
| 12.4.1. | Robot lithium jellyfish USA and Germany |
| 12.5. | Manufacturers of military EVs |
| 12.6. | Military traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 13. | MARINE |
| 13.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
| 13.1. | Gavia defense AUV |
| 13.1. | 44 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft |
| 13.1.1. | Gavia Iceland |
| 13.1.2. | PolyPlus Battery USA |
| 13.1.3. | ThunderPower USA |
| 13.2. | Market segments |
| 13.2. | AUV specifications, prices and market leaders |
| 13.2. | Electric launch |
| 13.2.1. | Total market |
| 13.2.2. | Underwater |
| 13.2.3. | On the water |
| 13.3. | Commonality with land EVs |
| 13.3. | The rigid-wing superyacht concept called 'Soliloquy' |
| 13.3. | Global sales of marine craft traction battery sets at one per new vehicle, in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
| 13.4. | The British Scorpio remote controlled rescue vehicle that released the trapped Russian submarine in August 2005. |
| 13.4. | Market drivers |
| 13.4.1. | Pollution laws back electric boats |
| 13.5. | Energy harvesting superyacht UK |
| 13.5. | The Ocean Explorer AUV |
| 13.5.1. | Cleaner yachts - Valence, Bénéteau |
| 13.6. | Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) |
| 13.6. | A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water |
| 13.6.1. | Swimmers |
| 13.7. | Leisure and tourist submarines USA |
| 13.7. | Deep Flight Aviator two-person leisure submarine |
| 13.8. | Seattle personal luxury submarine by US Submarines |
| 13.8. | Manufacturers by country and product |
| 13.8.1. | Examples of companies making electric water craft |
| 13.9. | Marine traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| 13.9.1. | Surface and subsurface boat markets |
| 13.9.2. | AUV |
| 14. | OTHER EVS |
| 14.1. | Market drivers |
| 14.1. | The new Electrolux Automower |
| 14.1. | 30 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by country and product |
| 14.2. | Global sales of other electric vehicle traction battery sets at one per new vehicle, in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
| 14.2. | Listing of manufacturers by country and product |
| 14.3. | Companies in the mobile robot and leisure sector |
| 14.4. | Electric aircraft for civil use |
| 14.4.1. | Sion Power USA - Aircraft batteries |
| 14.4.2. | Aircraft - Renault, Piccard |
| 14.5. | Other traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
| APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
Report Statistics
| Pages | 301 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 59 |
| Figures | 112 |
| Forecasts to | 2022 |