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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | The decade of hybrid vehicles |
1.1. | Numbers of traction battery packs for two wheelers, cars and mobility for the disabled compared in thousands, sold globally in new vehicles, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
1.1. | Comparison of the price, performance, safety compromise of lithium-ion traction battery packs |
1.2. | Numbers of vehicle traction batteries, in thousands, sold globally in new vehicles, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
1.2. | Ex-factory unit price of traction battery packs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
1.2. | Market 2012-2022 |
1.2.1. | Strong numbers growth |
1.3. | Replacement business |
1.3. | Global market value of traction battery packs, in millions of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
1.3. | Ex-factory unit price of traction battery packs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector |
1.3.1. | China |
1.3.2. | Replacement market |
1.4. | The IDTechEx analysis of 138 lithium-based rechargeable battery manufacturers |
1.4. | Global market value of traction battery packs, in millions of US dollars, sold globally, 2011-2022, by applicational sector, rounded |
1.4. | Here comes lithium |
1.4.1. | Lithium-ion or something else? |
1.4.2. | Lessons from geographical spread |
1.4.3. | Lessons from market positioning |
1.4.4. | Cathode chemistry |
1.4.5. | Anode chemistry |
1.4.6. | Solid or gel polymer or glassy inorganic electrolyte |
1.4.7. | Containment cases |
1.4.8. | Most Li-ion manufacturers being outflanked by supercapacitors |
1.4.9. | Where will we be in ten years' time? |
1.4.10. | Making lithium batteries safe |
1.5. | Price war |
1.5. | Planar Energy roadmap |
1.5. | Replacement market for traction battery packs in value $ million 2011 to 2021 |
1.5.1. | $30 billion industry - two thirds vehicle traction |
1.6. | Massive investments |
1.6. | Traction battery technologies in 2011, number percentage lead acid, NiMH and lithium |
1.6. | Number of manufacturers making or preparing to make lithium-ion vs other types of lithium-based battery % rounded. |
1.6.1. | Government support |
1.6.2. | Stronger value growth, hybrids pull ahead |
1.6.3. | Mark ups through the value chain |
1.7. | Largest sectors |
1.7. | Manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries by country % rounded |
1.7. | Traction battery technologies in 2021 number percentage lead acid, NiMH and lithium |
1.7.1. | Trends |
1.7.2. | Battery chemistry |
1.7.3. | Battery shape and photovoltaics |
1.7.4. | Ribbon and conformal batteries |
1.7.5. | Heavy industrial sector |
1.7.6. | The light industrial and commercial sector |
1.7.7. | Mobility for the disabled |
1.7.8. | Two wheel and allied vehicles |
1.7.9. | Cars |
1.7.10. | Golf |
1.7.11. | Military |
1.7.12. | Marine |
1.7.13. | Other |
1.8. | Market for EV components |
1.8. | Nomenclature for lithium-based rechargeable batteries |
1.8. | Priority applicational sectors for lithium-based rechargeable battery manufacturers, some having more than one priority. |
1.8.1. | Timelines |
1.8.2. | Watch Japan, China and Korea |
1.8.3. | Full circle back to pure EVs |
1.8.4. | Range extenders |
1.8.5. | Envia breakthrough in 2012 |
1.8.6. | Winning strategies |
1.9. | Who is winning in lithium-ion traction batteries - and why |
1.9. | Winners in niche and volume sales of lithium-ion batteries by market sector and positioning. |
1.9. | 138 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of lithium-based rechargeable batteries with country, cathode and anode chemistry, electrolyte morphology, case type, applicational priorities and customer relationships, if any, in sel |
1.9.1. | The needs have radically changed |
1.9.2. | Winner will be Toyota? |
1.9.3. | Laminar structure |
1.10. | Choice of electrolyte chemistry |
1.10. | Applicants to accelerate the manufacturing and deployment of the next generation of US batteries and electric vehicles |
1.10. | The cathode chemistry chosen by 138 manufacturers of lithium based batteries, some choosing several options |
1.11. | The anode chemistry chosen by 138 manufacturers of lithium based batteries, some choosing several options |
1.11. | Main market drivers 2010-2020 |
1.11. | Boeing Dreamliner: Implications for electric aircraft |
1.11.1. | Lithium-ion batteries: Further GS Yuasa troubles |
1.12. | US Department of Energy roadmap for lithium-ion batteries |
1.12. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold and those that plug in thousands 2012-2022 |
1.12. | Polymer, glassy inorganic and liquid electrolyte choice between 138 manufacturers of lithium-based batteries. |
1.13. | The UPS 747 that crashed in the UAE with a shipment of lithium batteries |
1.13. | Breakdown of global market in 2010 for light industrial and commercial vehicles - global park, new vehicles, % electric, number of battery packs at one per vehicle, ex-factory unit price and value for the subsections Buses, Other |
1.14. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars plugged in and the total number in thousands 2010-2020 |
1.14. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold in thousands 2012-2022 |
1.15. | Market breakdown for light industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2010 in $ billion - buses, other on road, airport GSE, other off road |
1.15. | Components and subsystems fitted in new electric vehicles 2010-2020 in thousands |
1.16. | Highlights 2010-2020 |
1.16. | Market breakdown for industrial and commercial electric vehicles in 2020 in billions of dollars - buses, other on road, off road |
1.17. | Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars and other electric vehicles that mainly employ conventional internal combustion engines today. This shows the convergence of hybrid and pure electric technologies |
1.17. | What is on the way in or out with traction batteries |
1.18. | Evolution of lithium traction batteries 2010-2030 |
1.19. | Geely IG solar car |
1.20. | Japanese ten meter long deep sea cruising AUV, the URASHIMA |
1.21. | Bionic dolphin |
1.22. | Deepflight Merlin |
1.23. | Cri-Cri pure electric stunt plane new in 2010 |
1.24. | Oshkosh truck |
1.25. | Burning Dreamliner pictures |
1.26. | A summary of the theoretical energy density of advanced rechargeable battery chemistries compared with theoretical graphene supercapacitor |
1.27. | US Department of Energy roadmap for lithium-ion batteries and their possible battery successor technologies |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Definitions, scope, history |
2.1. | EV sectors with the largest gross sales value and profits over the years |
2.1. | Some ways to reduce the cost and increase the performance of lithium-ion car traction batteries |
2.2. | Improvement in cost and performance of hybrid and pure electric vehicle traction battery packs 2009-2020 |
2.2. | Electric vehicle value chain |
2.2. | The EV value chain |
2.3. | Pure electric vs hybrid vehicles |
2.3. | Comparison of cells, modules and battery packs |
2.3. | Some reasons why ICE vehicles are replaced with EVs |
2.4. | Possible evolution of affordable, mainstream electric cars showing the convergence of hybrid and a pure electric technologies |
2.4. | Battery cells, modules, packs |
2.5. | Construction of battery packs |
2.5. | Nikkei forecast of lithium battery cost reduction by year at 80 yen per dollar |
2.5.1. | Changing factors |
2.5.2. | Molten salt - GE Durathon |
2.5.3. | NiMH vs lithium |
2.5.4. | Replacement traction battery pack market 2011-2021 |
2.5.5. | Plug in hybrids take over from mild hybrids |
2.6. | Pure electric and hybrid converge |
2.6. | Cost structure of lithium cobalt batteries according to Deutsche Bank Securities |
2.6.1. | Two options converge |
2.7. | Fuel cells |
2.7. | Volumetric vs gravimetric energy density of batteries used in vehicles |
2.8. | Traction battery pack nominal energy storage vs battery pack voltage for mild hybrids in red, plug on hybrids in blue and pure electric cars in green |
2.8. | The ideal car traction battery pack |
2.9. | Traction batteries today |
2.9. | Battery specification based on end of life |
2.10. | Car traction battery operating requirements compared |
2.10. | First generation lithium traction batteries |
2.11. | Second generation lithium traction batteries |
2.12. | The future |
2.12.1. | Third generation lithium traction batteries |
2.12.2. | Trends in energy storage vs battery pack voltage |
2.12.3. | Companies wishing to make the new batteries |
2.13. | How to improve lithium traction batteries |
2.13.1. | Basic needs |
2.13.2. | Life |
2.13.3. | Energy density |
2.13.4. | Safety |
2.14. | USA and Europe play catch up |
2.15. | Technological leapfrog |
2.16. | Academic research and small companies |
2.17. | Industrial leverage |
2.17.1. | Major funding can have strange impacts |
2.17.2. | Rapid profits for some |
2.17.3. | Impediments |
2.18. | Benefits of EVs |
2.19. | Traction battery design considerations |
2.20. | Future evolution of hybrids and pure electric cars |
2.20.1. | Specification changes |
2.20.2. | Move to high voltage |
2.20.3. | Battery performance over time - battery life |
2.20.4. | Battery state of charge |
2.20.5. | Depth of discharge affects life |
2.20.6. | Capacity rating |
2.20.7. | Daily depth of discharge |
2.20.8. | Charging and discharging rates |
2.21. | Requirements - hybrids vs pure electric |
2.21.1. | Plug in requirements align with pure electric cars |
2.21.2. | Hybrids need power and pure electrics need capacity - for now |
2.21.3. | Parallel hybrids differ |
2.21.4. | Plug in hybrids try to be the best of both worlds |
2.21.5. | Watt hours per mile |
2.21.6. | Charging rates |
2.21.7. | Custom packaging |
2.22. | Fast charging batteries and infrastructure |
3. | PROGRESS WITH NEW GENERATION LITHIUM TRACTION BATTERIES |
3.1. | Introduction |
3.1. | Future improvement in power and energy density |
3.1. | Typical lithium iron phosphate traction battery |
3.2. | Subaru lithium ion manganese battery |
3.2. | Lithium manganese |
3.3. | Lithium iron phosphate |
3.3. | Mitsubishi lithium-ion batteries for cars |
3.4. | Lithium air batteries |
3.4. | Lithium air and lithium metal |
3.5. | Lithium sulfur |
3.5. | Li-S Cell Configuration |
3.6. | Ragone plots for different rechargeable systems |
3.6. | Other challenges |
3.7. | Active Materials Transformation Diagram |
3.8. | Prototype lithium sulfur battery by Sion Power |
4. | HEAVY INDUSTRIAL EVS |
4.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
4.1. | East Penn lead acid battery for golf cars |
4.1. | Twenty examples of manufacturers of heavy industrial EVs by country |
4.1.1. | GE USA |
4.1.2. | East Penn Manufacturing Corporation USA |
4.1.3. | Furukawa Battery Japan |
4.1.4. | Nissan lithium forklift Japan |
4.1.5. | Balqon lithium heavy duty vehicles USA |
4.2. | Listing of manufacturers |
4.2. | Percentage split of global manufacture of heavy industrial trucks |
4.2. | Furukawa Cycle-service storage battery for Golf Cars |
4.3. | Distribution of trade volume for heavy industrial EVs |
4.3. | Market size |
4.4. | Heavy industrial traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
4.4. | Global league table of powered industrial truck manufacturers 2012 by value of sales |
4.5. | Global sales of heavy industrial battery sets at one per vehicle, by numbers, ex-factory unit price and total value 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
5. | LIGHT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL EVS |
5.1. | 150 manufacturers of light industrial and commercial EVs and drive trains by country and examples of their products |
5.1. | Chevrolet Volt lithium-ion battery |
5.1.1. | Sub categories |
5.1.2. | Buses |
5.2. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
5.2. | Chrysler electric minivan |
5.2. | Global sales of light industrial and commercial vehicle traction battery sets at one per new vehicle by numbers thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded |
5.2.1. | A123 Systems now part of Wanxiang |
5.2.2. | Axeon UK |
5.2.3. | Eaton Corporation USA |
5.2.4. | KD Advanced Battery Group Dow USA Kokam Korea |
5.2.5. | Lithium Technology Corporation/GAIA USA |
5.2.6. | MAGNA STEYR AG & Co KG Austria |
5.2.7. | Valence Technologies USA |
5.2.8. | Lishen Power Battery China |
5.3. | Market drivers |
5.3. | Breakdown of global market in 2010 for light industrial and commercial vehicles - global park, new vehicles, % electric, number of battery sets at one per new vehicle, ex-factory unit price and value for the subsections Full Size |
5.3. | Smith electric vehicle |
5.3.1. | Governments get involved |
5.4. | Importance of batteries and power trains |
5.4. | Magna Steyr traction battery pack capability |
5.4.1. | Freightliner and Enova |
5.4.2. | China Vehicles Company |
5.4.3. | Ford Transit |
5.5. | EVs for local services |
5.5. | Magna Steyr energy battery for pure electric and plug in hybrid cars |
5.6. | Magna Steyr power battery for hybrid cars |
5.6. | Airport EVs |
5.7. | Small people-movers |
5.7. | EVI truck powered by Valence lithium-ion batteries |
5.8. | Lishen Power battery products |
5.8. | Light industrial aids |
5.8.1. | Heavy duty on-road trucks become hybrids |
5.9. | Listing of manufacturers |
5.9. | Freightliner MT-45 step van uses 120kW Enova electric drive system |
5.10. | Electric pick up truck from China Vehicles Company |
5.10. | Light industrial / commercial traction battery market forecasts 2011-2021 |
5.11. | Ford Transit pure EV |
6. | MOBILITY FOR THE DISABLED |
6.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
6.1. | The Electric Car (INEC-KARO) for the disabled from Interchina Industry Group |
6.1. | The continental percentage split of markets for vehicles for the disabled by value in 2010 |
6.2. | The percentage split of market for vehicles for the disabled by country within Europe |
6.2. | Zhejiang R&P Industry ES 413 |
6.2. | The sector with the most compelling and enduring need |
6.3. | Laws make mobility easier |
6.3. | The numbers in thousands of scooters plus power chairs that were and will be sold in Europe 2005 to 2015 |
6.4. | The percentage distribution of manufacture between Taiwan and Mainland China by value of vehicles for the disabled 2005, 2010 and 2015 |
6.4. | Interchina Industry Group China |
6.5. | Market drivers |
6.5. | Market for EVs for the disabled by geographical region, ex works pricing and percentage split in 2005, 2010 and 2020 |
6.5.1. | Geographical distribution |
6.5.2. | Zhejiang R&P Industry China |
6.6. | Listing of manufacturers |
6.6. | 83 examples of manufacturers of EVs for the disabled by country |
6.7. | Global sales of traction battery sets used in mobility aids for the disabled at one set per new vehicle, by number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars, 2011 to 2021, rounded |
6.7. | Mobility aid traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
6.7.1. | Growth by creating new markets |
7. | TWO WHEELED EVS AND ALLIED VEHICLES |
7.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
7.1. | Prices and performance of electric two wheelers |
7.1. | Toshiba e-bike battery |
7.1.1. | Advanced Battery Technologies (ABAT) China |
7.1.2. | Leyden Energy USA |
7.1.3. | PowerGenix USA |
7.1.4. | Toshiba Japan |
7.2. | Batteries and specifications for two wheelers |
7.2. | Yamaha EC-f and EC-fs concept electric scooters |
7.2. | 70 examples of manufacturers of two wheel EVs and electric quad bikes |
7.2.1. | Electric two wheelers prices and performance |
7.2.2. | Yamaha lithium Japan |
7.2.3. | Eko Vehicles lead acid scooters India |
7.2.4. | Honda lithium motorcycle Japan |
7.2.5. | Peugeot lithium scooter France |
7.3. | Hybrid motorcycles |
7.3. | Largest suppliers of electric bicycles by number (not in order) |
7.3. | Yamaha EC03 |
7.3.1. | YikeBike lithium New Zealand |
7.4. | The big winners in western markets |
7.4. | Eko Vehicles ET-120 hybrid scooter |
7.4. | 34 sources of two wheelers in China by brand, region and battery chemistry |
7.5. | Listing of light electric scooter makers in China. Most use lead-acid battery chemistry but there is a move to lithium-ion batteries |
7.5. | Honda EV Cub sports twin, front and rear electric drive motors |
7.5. | Listing of manufacturers |
7.5.1. | 70 examples of manufacturers |
7.5.2. | China |
7.6. | Two wheeled and allied traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
7.6. | Peugeot E-Vivacity electric scooter planned for 2010 |
7.6. | Global sales of two wheel and allied battery sets at one per new vehicle, number, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded |
7.7. | Global Replacement market for traction battery packs for two wheel vehicles in value $ million 2010-2020 |
7.7. | YikeBike in action |
8. | GOLF EVS |
8.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
8.1. | 18 examples of golf EV manufacturers |
8.1.1. | Change of leader? Ingersoll Rand and Textron USA |
8.1.2. | Suzhou Eagle and many others in China |
8.2. | Listing of manufacturers |
8.2. | Global sales of electric golf car battery sets in number at one per new vehicle, thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
8.3. | Geographical split of golf EV sales by value 2010, 2015, 2020 |
8.3. | Golf car and caddy traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
9. | CARS |
9.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
9.1. | BYD financials |
9.1. | Nissan Leaf battery |
9.1.1. | Automotive Energy Supply Japan |
9.1.2. | Panasonic EV Energy, Sanyo Japan |
9.1.3. | Blue Energy, Lithium Energy Japan - GS Yuasa Japan with Honda, Mitsubishi |
9.1.4. | Bolloré France |
9.1.5. | Boston Power |
9.1.6. | BYD China |
9.1.7. | China BAK in China |
9.1.8. | Coda Battery Systems, Yardney USA, Tianjin Lishen China |
9.1.9. | Continental Germany and ENAX Japan |
9.1.10. | Envia Systems USA |
9.1.11. | Hitachi Japan |
9.1.12. | IBM and National laboratories USA |
9.1.13. | Inci Holding Turkey |
9.1.14. | LG Chem Korea with Compact Power |
9.1.15. | LiFeBATT Taiwan |
9.1.16. | Li-Tec Evonik Industries Germany and Daimler |
9.1.17. | Mitsubishi Japan with Sumitomo Japan |
9.1.18. | Next Alternative Germany, Micro Bubble Technology Korea |
9.1.19. | Planar Energy Devices USA |
9.1.20. | Sakti3 USA and General Motors USA |
9.1.21. | SB LiMotive Co. Ltd - Samsung Korea with Bosch Germany |
9.1.22. | SmartBatt project Europe |
9.1.23. | Sony Japan |
9.1.24. | Superlattice Power USA |
9.2. | Rapid increase in number of manufacturers |
9.2. | Pininfarina Bolloré B0 electric car powered by Bolloré Batscap lithium metal polymer batteries as opposed to Li-ion |
9.2. | 121 examples of manufacturers of electric cars including pictures of many Chinese electric cars |
9.2.1. | Examples of manufacturers |
9.2.2. | Recharging points |
9.2.3. | Battery changing points |
9.2.4. | Can the grid cope? |
9.3. | Car traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
9.3. | IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery pack sales in $ billion 2011 to 2021 |
9.3. | Pininfarina Bolloré Bluecar cross section showing battery |
9.3.1. | Total car traction battery market value 2011 to 2021 |
9.3.2. | Battery pack market by car type 2012-2022 |
9.3.3. | Hybrid battery prices |
9.3.4. | Replacement car traction battery pack market 2010-2020 |
9.4. | LEV electric car by Qingyuan Motors |
9.4. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold and those that plug in thousands 2012-2022 |
9.5. | Replacement market for car traction battery packs in value $ million 2010-2020 |
9.5. | Continental lithium ion traction battery |
9.6. | Safety testing of Continental lithium ion traction batteries |
9.7. | 25Ah lithium-ion battery cell for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles |
9.8. | LiFeBATT manufacture |
9.9. | IDTechEx projection for total car traction battery pack sales in $ billion 2011 to 2021 |
9.10. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold in thousands 2012-2022 |
9.11. | Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars ex-factory price 2010-2020 |
9.12. | Market forecasts for traction battery packs for new cars value in million dollars 2010-2020 |
9.13. | Replacement market for car traction battery packs in value $ million 2010-2020 |
10. | PURE ELECTRIC CARS |
10.1. | Electricity solely for traction |
10.1. | Gemcar |
10.2. | The planned Nissan Leaf pure electric car |
10.2. | Examples of pure EV cars |
10.2.1. | Nissan Leaf lithium Japan, UK, USA |
10.2.2. | Here come the Chinese - BYD, Brilliance, Geely, Chengfang |
10.2.3. | Jianghsu lead acid China |
10.2.4. | High performance pure lithium EVs - Tesla USA |
10.2.5. | Lightning lithium UK |
10.2.6. | Subaru Stella lithium Japan |
10.2.7. | REVA lead acid or lithium India |
10.2.8. | Club Car lead acid USA |
10.2.9. | Tara Tiny lead acid India |
10.2.10. | Mitsubishi iMiEV lithium Japan |
10.2.11. | Renault Nissan lithium France |
10.3. | Nissan leaf lithium traction batteries |
10.4. | The BYD E6 pure EV car |
10.5. | Jianghsu DHCLBC EF-1 car |
10.6. | The gloriously empty Tesla Model S shows the way with structural components |
10.7. | Tesla Motors Roadster pure EV performance car |
10.8. | Tesla battery pack with coolant tubes at bottom. |
10.9. | The Lighting pure electric sports car |
10.10. | Subaru Stella pure electric vehicle |
10.11. | REVA pure EV car |
10.12. | The Club Car street legal car launched in 2009 |
10.13. | Tara Tiny |
10.14. | Mitsubishi pure EV car |
10.15. | Mitsubishi i-MiEV |
11. | HYBRID CARS |
11.1. | Construction and advantages of hybrids |
11.1. | Evolution of EV design for on-road and many non-road vehicles |
11.1. | Prius NiMH traction battery evolution |
11.1.1. | Evolution |
11.1.2. | Frazer Nash Namir lithium UK |
11.1.3. | Chevrolet Volt lithium USA |
11.1.4. | Toyota Prius NiMH, lithium Japan |
11.1.5. | Fisker Karma lithium USA |
11.2. | Frazer Nash Namir |
11.3. | Toyota Prius NiMH traction battery |
11.4. | Toyota Highlander Hybrid Battery |
12. | MILITARY |
12.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
12.1. | Altairnano view of some of the primary performance advantages of its lithium traction batteries |
12.1. | 26 suppliers of military EVs |
12.1.1. | ABSL UK |
12.1.2. | Altair Nanotechnologies (Altairnano) USA |
12.1.3. | Electrovaya Canada |
12.1.4. | Hummer |
12.1.5. | Chrysler |
12.1.6. | Saft France, Johnson Controls USA |
12.2. | Examples of military EVs |
12.2. | Global sales of military vehicle traction battery sets at one per new vehicle in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
12.2. | Hummer H3 ReEV Lithium Ion SuperPolymer battery pack made by Electrovaya. |
12.2.1. | Manned land vehicles. |
12.2.2. | Hummer lithium USA / China |
12.2.3. | Quantum Technologies lithium USA |
12.2.4. | US Army trucks etc - ZAP, Columbia ParCar USA |
12.2.5. | Oshkosh Truck Corp USA |
12.2.6. | Plug-in trucks - BAE Systems UK |
12.2.7. | Electric robot vehicles USA |
12.3. | In the air |
12.3. | Oshkosh truck |
12.3.1. | Disposable surveillance aircraft |
12.3.2. | DARPA insects USA |
12.3.3. | COM-BAT lithium robot bat USA |
12.3.4. | Aerovironment electric aircraft USA |
12.4. | Examples of military EVs - in the water |
12.4. | COM-BAT |
12.4.1. | Robot lithium jellyfish USA and Germany |
12.5. | Manufacturers of military EVs |
12.6. | Military traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
13. | MARINE |
13.1. | Examples of battery suppliers to this sector |
13.1. | Gavia defense AUV |
13.1. | 44 examples of manufacturers of EV electric water craft |
13.1.1. | Gavia Iceland |
13.1.2. | PolyPlus Battery USA |
13.1.3. | ThunderPower USA |
13.2. | Market segments |
13.2. | AUV specifications, prices and market leaders |
13.2. | Electric launch |
13.2.1. | Total market |
13.2.2. | Underwater |
13.2.3. | On the water |
13.3. | Commonality with land EVs |
13.3. | The rigid-wing superyacht concept called 'Soliloquy' |
13.3. | Global sales of marine craft traction battery sets at one per new vehicle, in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
13.4. | The British Scorpio remote controlled rescue vehicle that released the trapped Russian submarine in August 2005. |
13.4. | Market drivers |
13.4.1. | Pollution laws back electric boats |
13.5. | Energy harvesting superyacht UK |
13.5. | The Ocean Explorer AUV |
13.5.1. | Cleaner yachts - Valence, Bénéteau |
13.6. | Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) |
13.6. | A British Remote Controlled Mine Destruction Vehicle being lowered into the water |
13.6.1. | Swimmers |
13.7. | Leisure and tourist submarines USA |
13.7. | Deep Flight Aviator two-person leisure submarine |
13.8. | Seattle personal luxury submarine by US Submarines |
13.8. | Manufacturers by country and product |
13.8.1. | Examples of companies making electric water craft |
13.9. | Marine traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
13.9.1. | Surface and subsurface boat markets |
13.9.2. | AUV |
14. | OTHER EVS |
14.1. | Market drivers |
14.1. | The new Electrolux Automower |
14.1. | 30 examples of manufacturers of mobile robots, toy, leisure, research or hobbyist EVs by country and product |
14.2. | Global sales of other electric vehicle traction battery sets at one per new vehicle, in number thousands, ex-factory unit price in thousands of dollars and total value in billions of dollars 2011 to 2021, rounded. |
14.2. | Listing of manufacturers by country and product |
14.3. | Companies in the mobile robot and leisure sector |
14.4. | Electric aircraft for civil use |
14.4.1. | Sion Power USA - Aircraft batteries |
14.4.2. | Aircraft - Renault, Piccard |
14.5. | Other traction battery market forecasts 2011 to 2021 |
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 301 |
---|---|
Tables | 59 |
Figures | 112 |
预测 | 2022 |