1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Report introduction |
1.2. | Overview of the composite materials market |
1.3. | Introduction to composite materials |
1.4. | Glass fiber vs Carbon fiber reinforced polymers |
1.5. | Thermoset vs thermoplastic composites |
1.6. | Composite material suppliers |
1.7. | Overview of manufacturing methods for composite materials |
1.8. | Volume of composite materials reaching end of life |
1.9. | Sustainable composites market drivers: Government regulation |
1.10. | Composite End-of-Life Pathways |
1.11. | Why is composite recycling traditionally challenging and limited? |
1.12. | Companies working to recycle end of life composites - Development stage |
1.13. | Overview of the types of sustainable composite materials discussed in this report |
1.14. | Comparison of recyclable and traditional resin systems |
1.15. | Recyclable resin systems - market landscape |
1.16. | Natural fibers offer light weighting incentives but lower mechanical strengths |
1.17. | Bio resins can act as drop-in replacements to traditional synthetic resins |
1.18. | Composites for green energy applications |
1.19. | Thermal resistance remains a concern for composite EV battery casings |
1.20. | Composites are enabling growth of the hydrogen economy |
1.21. | Wind turbine blade waste is set to grow significantly |
1.22. | The major companies developing recyclable resins for the wind turbine blade market |
1.23. | GFRP composites could be a promising alternative to aluminium solar frames |
1.24. | Tidal turbines require high durability marine-grade composites |
1.25. | Significant improvements to composite thermal stability are required for geothermal applications |
1.26. | Composite material demand for green energy forecast |
1.27. | Composite material revenue for green energy forecast |
1.28. | Outlook for sustainable composite materials |
1.29. | Outlook for sustainable composites continued |
1.30. | Outlook for composite materials for green energy |
1.31. | Outlook for composite materials for green energy continued |
2. | MARKET FORECASTS |
2.1. | Methodology and assumptions |
2.2. | Composites for green energy applications market demand |
2.3. | Composites for green energy applications market value |
2.4. | Composites for electric vehicle battery casing demand |
2.5. | Composites for electric vehicle battery casings revenue |
2.6. | Composites for FCEV hydrogen pressure vessels demand |
2.7. | Composites for FCEV hydrogen pressure vessels revenue |
2.8. | Composites for wind turbine blades demand |
2.9. | Composites for wind turbine blades revenue |
2.10. | Composite wind turbine blade waste forecast |
2.11. | Composites for solar panel demand |
2.12. | Composites for solar panel revenue |
3. | INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS |
3.1. | Overview of the composite materials market |
3.2. | Overview of composite materials |
3.3. | Why are composite materials useful? |
3.4. | Definition of terms used in this report (I) |
3.5. | Definition of terms used in this report (II) |
3.6. | Key factors influencing composite properties |
3.7. | Composite reinforcement materials |
3.8. | Overview of carbon fiber |
3.9. | Overview of glass fiber |
3.10. | Fiber forms (I) |
3.11. | Fiber forms (II) |
3.12. | Polymer matrix composites (PMC) and resin systems |
3.13. | Overview of resin systems (I) |
3.14. | Overview of resin systems (II) |
3.15. | Glass fiber vs Carbon fiber reinforced polymers |
3.16. | Thermoset vs thermoplastic composites |
3.17. | Composite material uses |
3.18. | Composites for green energy applications |
3.19. | Introduction to sustainable composites |
3.20. | Overview of the types of sustainable composite materials discussed in this report |
3.21. | Sustainable composites market drivers: Government regulation |
3.22. | Volume of composite materials reaching end of life |
3.23. | Composite End-of-Life Pathways |
4. | COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING |
4.1. | Composite materials and manufacturing routes influence end product properties |
4.2. | Fiber Reinforcement Properties |
4.3. | Cost of Fiber Reinforcements |
4.4. | Innovations to lower the cost and energy intensity of carbon fiber manufacturing |
4.5. | Types of resin systems |
4.6. | Materials for Composite Cores |
4.7. | Material suppliers |
4.8. | Overview of the composite manufacturing value chain |
4.9. | Overview of manufacturing methods for composite materials |
4.10. | Pre-Preg Composites - Fabric type |
4.11. | Hand Lay-up / Wet Lay-up |
4.12. | Spray Lay-up |
4.13. | Injection molding |
4.14. | Compression molding |
4.15. | Resin Transfer molding (RTM) |
4.16. | Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer molding (VARTM) |
4.17. | Pultrusion |
4.18. | Filament Winding |
4.19. | Autoclave Curing (Prepreg Lay-up) |
4.20. | Automated fiber placement - streamlining composite manufacturing |
4.21. | Comparison of traditional composite manufacturing methods |
5. | METHODS TO RECYCLE COMPOSITE COMPONENTS |
5.1. | Introduction to recycling composites |
5.2. | Why is composite recycling traditionally challenging and limited? |
5.3. | Desire for a circular economy |
5.4. | Global Composite and Solid Waste Regulations (I) |
5.5. | Global Composite and Solid Waste Regulations (II) |
5.6. | Global Composite and Solid Waste Regulations (III) |
5.7. | Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) |
5.8. | Material Traceability - Implementation of digital product passports |
5.9. | The four types of recycling: Process definitions |
5.10. | Composite End-of-Life Pathways |
5.11. | What is mechanical recycling? |
5.12. | Mechanical recycling of composites - Case studies |
5.13. | What is Thermal Recycling - Pyrolysis? |
5.14. | Pyrolysis recycling of composites - Case studies |
5.15. | What is chemical recycling? |
5.16. | Chemical recycling of composites - Case studies |
5.17. | Companies working to recycle end of life composites - Development stage |
5.18. | Volume of composite materials reaching end of life |
5.19. | Acciona - Recycling of end-of life wind turbine blades |
5.20. | Cygnet Texkimp's composite recycling technology |
5.21. | Vartega- Recycling carbon fiber |
5.22. | Composite Recycling - Thermolysis Recycling Technique |
5.23. | Fraunhofer's wetlaid facility for carbon fiber processing |
5.24. | Anmet - Repurposing and Recycling Wind Turbine Blades |
5.25. | ZEBRA project - IRT Jules Verne |
5.26. | REFRESH project - circular recycling of composite wind turbine blades |
5.27. | Overview of composite recycling companies |
5.28. | Overview of composite recycling companies |
5.29. | Summary of Composite Recycling |
6. | RECYCLABLE COMPOSITES |
6.1. | Introduction to recyclable composite materials |
6.2. | Recyclable resin systems |
6.3. | Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Polymer Reprocessing - Vitrimers |
6.4. | Vitrimers SWOT |
6.5. | Thermoplastics offer inherent processability |
6.6. | Recyclable resin systems - market landscape |
6.7. | Evonik - Recyclable foam cores |
6.8. | Armacell - Recyclable PET foams |
6.9. | Aditya Birla - Recyclamine |
6.10. | Arkema - Elium |
6.11. | Westlake Epoxy - EpoVIVE |
6.12. | Techstorm - Vitrimer Resins |
6.13. | Swancor - EzCiclo |
6.14. | METOL - CBT/PBT |
6.15. | Other companies developing recyclable resins |
6.16. | Overview of the companies developing recyclable resin systems |
6.17. | Comparison of recyclable and traditional resin systems |
6.18. | Summary for recyclable composite materials |
7. | BIO-BASED COMPOSITES |
7.1. | Introduction to bio-composites |
7.2. | Challenges of using bio-composites |
7.3. | Natural fibers |
7.4. | What are natural fibers? |
7.5. | Global production of natural fibers |
7.6. | The advantages and disadvantages of natural fiber-based composites |
7.7. | Natural fibers require surface modifications for composite use |
7.8. | Benchmarking of composite fiber reinforcements |
7.9. | Case study: Bio-derived resins with natural fibers |
7.10. | Case study: Hemp fibers for bio-composites |
7.11. | Natural fiber consortium group |
7.12. | Flax-based bio-composites for automotive applications |
7.13. | Example Bcomp products at JEC world |
7.14. | Ecotechnilin |
7.15. | Changchun Bochao Auto Parts |
7.16. | Other natural fiber products |
7.17. | Natural fibers SWOT |
7.18. | Outlook for natural fibers within the green energy transition |
7.19. | Bio-Resin Systems |
7.20. | Introduction to bio-resin systems |
7.21. | What are bio-polymers? |
7.22. | Types of bio-resin systems |
7.23. | Bio-epoxy resin properties, application and opportunities |
7.24. | Bio unsaturated polyester resins |
7.25. | Bio PFA resins properties, application and opportunities |
7.26. | Bio-polyamide resins |
7.27. | Bio-polyurethane resin coatings |
7.28. | Could bio-degradable polymers be used for composites? |
7.29. | Improving mechanical properties of bio-composites with cellulose additives |
7.30. | Overview of the companies supplying bio-resins |
7.31. | Westlake Epoxy - EpoVIVE bio epoxy resins |
7.32. | Entropy Resins - Bio epoxy |
7.33. | Cathay Biotech - Bio polyamide resins |
7.34. | Arkema - Bio polyamide resin |
7.35. | Applied Bioplastics - Bio-based composites for construction |
7.36. | Case studies: Use of bio-resin systems in industry |
7.37. | Overview of the companies developing bio-resins for composites (I) |
7.38. | Overview of the companies developing bio-resins for composites (II) |
7.39. | Outlook for bio-resins for composites |
8. | APPLICATIONS FOR COMPOSITES IN GREEN ENERGY |
8.1.1. | Composites for green energy applications |
8.2. | Composites for EV batteries |
8.2.1. | What is an electric vehicle? |
8.2.2. | Overview of EV battery components and materials |
8.2.3. | What's in an EV Battery Pack? |
8.2.4. | Major Challenges in EV Battery Design Overview |
8.2.5. | Methods for Materials Suppliers to Improve Sustainability for the OEM |
8.2.6. | Battery Pack Enclosures |
8.2.7. | Battery Enclosure Materials and Competition |
8.2.8. | Requirements for effective battery pack enclosures |
8.2.9. | Moving Towards Composite Enclosures |
8.2.10. | Are Polymer Composites Suitable Battery Housings? |
8.2.11. | Project for Composite EV Battery Enclosure Development |
8.2.12. | GFRP Enclosure for HV Battery - Envalior |
8.2.13. | Thermoplastic Composite Battery Packs - SABIC |
8.2.14. | Sheet molded compounds vs resin transfer or liquid compression molding |
8.2.15. | SMC for Battery Trays and Lids - LyondellBasell |
8.2.16. | SMC EV Battery Cover - Hankuk Carbon |
8.2.17. | Advanced Composites for Battery Enclosures - INEOS Composites / ALTA Performance Materials |
8.2.18. | Biobased Battery Pack Enclosure - Cathay Biotech |
8.2.19. | Composite EV battery impact protection plate - Autoneum |
8.2.20. | Alternatives to Phenolic Resins |
8.2.21. | Other composite battery enclosure suppliers |
8.2.22. | Examples of composite battery enclosures for EVs |
8.2.23. | Battery Enclosure Materials Summary |
8.2.24. | Energy Density Improvements with Composites |
8.2.25. | Cost Effectiveness of Composite Enclosures |
8.2.26. | Fire protection and EMI shielding for composites |
8.2.27. | Thermal Runaway and Fires in EVs |
8.2.28. | Thermal Runaway in Cell-to-pack |
8.2.29. | Fire protection regulations for EV batteries |
8.2.30. | Fire Protection Materials: Main Categories |
8.2.31. | EMI Shielding for Composite Enclosures |
8.2.32. | Integrating EMI shielding in composites - James Cropper |
8.2.33. | Flame resistant thermosetting composites - IDI Composites |
8.2.34. | Graphite Additives for Reactive Coatings - NeoGraf |
8.2.35. | Polymers addressing thermal runaway (1) - Ascend Performance Materials |
8.2.36. | Polymers addressing thermal runaway (2) - SABIC |
8.2.37. | Polymers addressing thermal runaway (3) - Asahi Kasei |
8.2.38. | Flame-retardant Plastics - Covestro |
8.2.39. | LG Chem - Fire Protection Plastic and Barrier Materials |
8.2.40. | SABIC's Multifunctional PP STAMAX |
8.2.41. | Pyrophobic Systems |
8.2.42. | CFP Composites |
8.2.43. | Elven Technologies |
8.2.44. | Nonwoven fabric for thermal runaway protection - Asahei Kasei |
8.2.45. | Summary of composites for EV battery packs |
8.3. | Composite for Hydrogen Pressure Vessels |
8.3.1. | Overview of hydrogen pressure vessels |
8.3.2. | Compressed hydrogen storage |
8.3.3. | Hydrogen storage tanks |
8.3.4. | Stationary storage systems |
8.3.5. | Compressed tube trailers |
8.3.6. | Compressed storage vessel classification |
8.3.7. | Construction materials for Type 3 and 4 vessels |
8.3.8. | Applications for Type 3 & 4 tanks |
8.3.9. | Players in Type 3 & 4 technologies |
8.3.10. | Type 5 hydrogen storage is emerging |
8.3.11. | Onboard FCEV tank suppliers |
8.3.12. | Material & manufacturing considerations for pressure vessels |
8.3.13. | Composite tank failure |
8.3.14. | Liner materials for Type III & IV vessels |
8.3.15. | Composite material choice for pressure vessels |
8.3.16. | Fiber materials for Type III & IV vessels |
8.3.17. | Manufacturing composite hydrogen pressure vessels - filament winding |
8.3.18. | Automated fiber placement manufacturing - emerging pressure vessel manufacturing technique |
8.3.19. | Cryogenic composite tanks for aerospace |
8.3.20. | Cevotec - FPP and Filament Winding in Action |
8.3.21. | CONBILITY - Machine systems for hydrogen pressure vessel production |
8.3.22. | AZL - Hydrogen pressure vessel optimization potential in various materials |
8.3.23. | Summary |
8.4. | Composites for Wind Energy |
8.4.1. | Introduction to the wind energy sector |
8.4.2. | European wind energy market |
8.4.3. | APAC wind energy market |
8.4.4. | Americas wind energy market |
8.4.5. | Wind installations by country (I) |
8.4.6. | Wind installations by country (II) |
8.4.7. | China's dominance of the wind energy sector |
8.4.8. | Global approach to wind turbine manufacturing by Chinese players |
8.4.9. | Further details on China's global approach |
8.4.10. | Traditional wind turbine structure and materials |
8.4.11. | Traditional wind turbine blade structure and materials |
8.4.12. | Wind turbine blade size growth |
8.4.13. | Hybrid carbon/glass fiber wind turbine blades |
8.4.14. | Traditional methods to manufacture wind turbine blades |
8.4.15. | Advanced manufacturing techniques for wind turbine blades |
8.4.16. | Traditional wind turbine blades are inherently difficult to recycle |
8.4.17. | Wind turbine end-of-life management - who pays? |
8.4.18. | Wind farm end-of-life management - Repowering wind farms |
8.4.19. | Wind turbine blade waste is set to grow significantly |
8.4.20. | Recyclable resins for wind turbine blades overview |
8.4.21. | Comparison of resins for wind turbine blades |
8.4.22. | Wind turbine blade supply chain |
8.4.23. | Global wind turbine manufacturing capacity by company |
8.4.24. | Companies working to recycle wind turbine blades |
8.4.25. | RecyclableBlade - Siemens Gamesa |
8.4.26. | Biobased and recyclable resins for wind blades - Westlake Epoxy |
8.4.27. | EzCiclo recyclable resin for wind turbine blades - Swancor |
8.4.28. | Recyclamine recyclable thermoset resin - Aditya Birla |
8.4.29. | Elium thermoplastic resin for wind blades - Arkema |
8.4.30. | Vitrimer resins enable recyclability and high durability - Techstorm |
8.4.31. | Summary of the companies developing recyclable resin systems for wind turbine blades |
8.4.32. | Bio-based resins for the wind energy sector |
8.4.33. | Exploring circularity in the wind industry - Armacell |
8.4.34. | Traditional wind turbine blade materials at JEC World 2025 |
8.4.35. | Balsa wood - encouraging the sustainable wood sourcing for wind turbine blades |
8.4.36. | Vertical axis wind turbines are better suited to urban use |
8.4.37. | Modular wind turbine blades - Carbo4Power |
8.4.38. | Summary of Sustainable Composites for Wind Turbine Blades |
8.5. | Other renewable energy applications |
8.5.1. | Overview of other renewable energy applications of composites |
8.5.2. | Composites for Solar Energy |
8.5.3. | Introduction to the solar industry |
8.5.4. | What is a solar panel? |
8.5.5. | Traditional solar panelling materials |
8.5.6. | Composite material use for solar energy - moving away from aluminium |
8.5.7. | Comparison of composite solar framing vs aluminium frames |
8.5.8. | Total cost of ownership by solar frame type |
8.5.9. | Glass fiber PU composite frames from solar panels - Covestro |
8.5.10. | Carbon fiber for solar energy - Levante |
8.5.11. | Bio-based composites for the solar energy industry |
8.5.12. | Summary of composites for solar energy |
8.5.13. | Composites for Tidal Energy |
8.5.14. | Introduction to tidal power |
8.5.15. | Types of tidal power systems |
8.5.16. | Pros and Cons of tidal power |
8.5.17. | Horizontal axis turbines are the primary turbine choice |
8.5.18. | Tidal turbine projects and deployments |
8.5.19. | Performance and design requirements for tidal turbine hydrofoils |
8.5.20. | Composite materials for tidal turbine blades |
8.5.21. | Thermoplastic tidal turbines - a recyclable resin alternative |
8.5.22. | Resin matrix materials - moisture and corrosion resistance |
8.5.23. | Summary of composites for tidal energy |
8.5.24. | Composites for Geothermal power |
8.5.25. | Introduction to Geothermal Energy |
8.5.26. | Geothermal energy installations globally |
8.5.27. | Global tectonic plates and boundaries - sources of geothermal energy |
8.5.28. | How does geothermal power work? |
8.5.29. | Comparison of the types of geothermal power plant |
8.5.30. | Geothermal power plant material performance requirements |
8.5.31. | The components for geothermal power - composite material options |
8.5.32. | The feasibility of all-composite geothermal well pipes |
8.5.33. | Huisman composite tubulars |
8.5.34. | Composite pipes for low-enthalpy geothermal energy - Future Pipe Industries |
8.5.35. | Summary of composites for geothermal energy |
8.5.36. | Company Profiles |