This report has been updated. Click here to view latest edition.
If you have previously purchased the archived report below then please use the download links on the right to download the files.
Energy Independent Vehicles 2016-2026
Energy-autonomous, self-sufficient, electric land vehicles, boats, ships and aircraft propelled entirely by on-board conversion of wind, sun, waves, other ambient energy
显示全部
说明
内容、图表列表
常见问题解答
价格
Related Content
You can already buy a tourist bus or boat or golf car that never plugs in or refuels because it captures enough sunshine. Buy an autonomous underwater vehicle that surfaces to recharge its batteries with sunshine and sometimes wave power. See ships and planes circumnavigating the world electrically on sunshine alone. Buy an electric plane with a propeller that goes backwards when it rides thermals to charge the battery. Buy a boat that has a thrust propeller that does the same when under sail or moored in a tidestream.
Electric energy independent vehicles (EIVs) are going to be of immense importance even in remote communities and the developing world as they become much more capable. Energy independent airships, fixed wing planes and underwater vessels are being designed for surveillance and inspection.
A multi-billion dollar industry is awaiting those involved in boats, ships, aircraft, land vehicles and energy harvesting. The electric vehicle business is forecasted by IDTechEx to be around $500 billion in 2026, rising strongly thereafter.
In this report the electric vehicle market addressable by energy independence technology is forecasted in 45 categories. And EIVs, often the end game, will be an increasingly significant part of it. Energy independent vehicle projects by land, on-water, underwater and in the air are analysed after a thorough grounding in the technologies. How those technologies will progress is given particular attention - from multi-mode harvesting to structural electronics where the structure doubles as supercapacitor, battery and so on. Achievements and potential are presented in easily understood form. The basis is almost entirely research in 2015 from intensive global travel, interviews and analysis by PhD level experts. Latest conference material and presentations from across the world are shown.
Speed range of EIVs in this report. Actual operating vehicles in green, planned in red.
Land and water vehicles are pushing for higher speeds but the aircraft have got there and are now seeking other things, sometimes at slower speed. The other things include carrying more people and cargo and going further. The arrows show the trend in speed of next generation vs today's EIVs.
Source IDTechEx
从 IDTechEx 访问分析师
所有报告购买订单均包括与一名专家分析师进行 30 分钟的电话交谈，专家分析师将帮助您将报告中的重要发现与您正在处理的业务问题联系起来。这需要在购买报告后的三个月内使用。
更多信息
| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | Definition and characteristics |
| 1.1. | German solar electric car from 1982 that achieved 15 mph |
| 1.1. | Examples of uses of HPEH expressed as duration of harvesting available with examples of companies using or developing these applications |
| 1.1.1. | Definition |
| 1.1.2. | Characteristics |
| 1.2. | Market overview |
| 1.2. | Examples of photovoltaics providing total power requirements of a vehicle, including motive power |
| 1.2. | Comparison of desirable features of the EH technologies. Good in red. Others are poor or not yet clarified. |
| 1.2.1. | Largest value market by power |
| 1.3. | Maturity of market by application |
| 1.3. | Examples of applications being developed 10W-1MW |
| 1.3. | Typical transducer power range of the main technical options for HPEH transducer arrays - electrodynamic, photovoltaic and thermoelectric - and some less important ones shown in grey |
| 1.4. | Potential for improving energy harvesting efficiency |
| 1.4. | Technology focus of 200 organisations developing the different leading energy harvesting technologies |
| 1.4. | Hype curve for energy harvesting applications |
| 1.5. | EH systems |
| 1.5. | Maturity of different forms of energy harvesting |
| 1.5. | Typical power needs increasingly addressed by high power energy harvesting |
| 1.6. | Power end game 2026 showing vehicle propulsion in context with winners shown in green. Areas with some activity but not dominant are shown clear |
| 1.6. | Hype curve snapshot for high power energy harvesting applications in 2015-6 |
| 1.6. | Market forecast 2016-2026 |
| 1.6.1. | The big picture |
| 1.6.2. | Forecasts by technology |
| 1.6.3. | Overall market for transducers |
| 1.6.4. | Market for power conditioning |
| 1.7. | Technology timeline 2016-2025 |
| 1.7. | Hype curve snapshot for high power energy harvesting applications in 2026 |
| 1.7. | Power density provided by different forms of HPEH with exceptionally useful superlatives in yellow. Other parameters are optimal at different levels depending on system design. |
| 1.8. | Good features and challenges of the four most important EH technologies in order of importance |
| 1.8. | Hype curve for HPEH technology 2016 |
| 1.8. | Detailed technology sector forecasts 2015-2025 |
| 1.8.1. | Electrodynamic |
| 1.8.2. | Photovoltaic |
| 1.8.3. | Thermoelectrics |
| 1.8.4. | Territorial differences |
| 1.9. | End game with EVs: high power energy harvesting |
| 1.9. | Hype curve for HPEH technology 2026 |
| 1.9. | Global market for energy harvesting transducers at all power levels (units million) 2015-2026 rounded |
| 1.9.1. | Place in history |
| 1.9.2. | Types |
| 1.9.3. | Multi-mode harvesting already |
| 1.10. | Types of EIV |
| 1.10. | Institutions involved in airborne wind energy in 2015 |
| 1.10. | Global market for energy harvesting transducers at all power levels (unit price dollars) 2015-2026 |
| 1.11. | Global value market for energy harvesting transducers at all power levels (market value billion dollars) 2015-2026 rounded |
| 1.11. | Proliferation of actual and potential energy harvesting in land vehicles |
| 1.11. | Chasing speed or other capability |
| 1.12. | Technologies |
| 1.12. | Proliferation of actual and potential energy harvesting in marine vehicles |
| 1.12. | Main contributors to EH transducer sales 2015-2026. The technologies supplied by many large companies taking substantial orders are highlighted in orange. |
| 1.13. | Timeline 2016-2025 with those advances most greatly impacting energy harvesting market size shown in yellow. |
| 1.13. | Proliferation of actual and potential energy harvesting in airborne vehicles |
| 1.13. | Multi-mode energy harvesting |
| 1.13.2. | Importance at high power |
| 1.13.3. | Importance at low power |
| 1.13.4. | Common on land: rave in EIVs |
| 1.14. | Market potential |
| 1.14. | EH system diagram |
| 1.14. | Electrodynamics for Energy Harvesting units millions 2015-2025, dominant numbers in 2025 in yellow. |
| 1.15. | Electrodynamic EH for regenerative braking in electric vehicles 2015-2025 number thousand |
| 1.15. | HPEH including battery systems related to other off-grid and to on-grid harvesting market values in 2016 |
| 1.15. | News in August 2016 - Unmanned surface vehicle crosses an ocean on solar power alone |
| 1.16. | Global installed renewable energy GW cumulative, off-grid and on-grid by source |
| 1.16. | Electrodynamic EH for regenerative braking in electric vehicles 2015-2025 notional unit value dollars given that these motors and generators double as other functions |
| 1.17. | Notional total market value for electrodynamic EH for regenerative braking in electric vehicles 2015-2025 $ billion rounded |
| 1.17. | Global market for energy harvesting transducers at all power levels (units million) 2015-2026 rounded |
| 1.18. | Global market for energy harvesting transducers at all power levels (unit price dollars) 2015-2026 |
| 1.18. | Electrodynamic harvesting alternators in conventional internal combustion engined vehicles, number, notional unit value $ and value market $ billion 2015-2025 |
| 1.19. | Electrodynamic harvesting Other, mainly energy harvesting shock absorbers, number, notional unit value $ and value market $ billion 2015-2025 |
| 1.19. | Global value market for energy harvesting transducers at all power levels (market value billion dollars) 2015-2026 rounded |
| 1.20. | Energy harvesting organisations by continent |
| 1.20. | Photovoltaics for Energy Harvesting MW peak million 2015-2025 |
| 1.21. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting units thousand 2015-2025 |
| 1.21. | Organisations active in energy harvesting by country, numbers rounded |
| 1.22. | Progression from conventional vehicles to self-powered electric vehicles. |
| 1.22. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting units value dollars 2015-2025 |
| 1.23. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting total value thousands of dollars 2015-2025 |
| 1.23. | Speed range of EIVs in this report. Actual operating vehicles in green, planned in red. |
| 1.24. | Multiple energy harvesting |
| 1.24. | Some highlights of global effort on energy harvesting |
| 1.25. | Energy independent vehicle types |
| 1.25. | HPP structure |
| 1.26. | Envisaged marine application of HPP combining sail and electrical EIV technology |
| 1.26. | Proliferation of electrodynamic harvesting options |
| 1.27. | Numbers of electric vehicles, in thousands, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector |
| 1.27. | Numbers of electric vehicles, in thousands, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector |
| 1.28. | Ex-factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.28. | Ex-factory unit price of EVs, in thousands of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.29. | Ex-factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.29. | Ex-factory value of EVs, in billions of US dollars, sold globally, 2016-2026, by applicational sector, rounded |
| 1.30. | When parked, a low power vehicle can gather enough electricity for operation if high efficiency, extending, on-board photovoltaics is used and preferably some trickle charge during use. |
| 1.31. | The SeaCharger project |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Energy harvesting comes center stage |
| 2.1. | Choices of range extender for hybrid electric vehicles compared with energy storage options and energy harvesting |
| 2.1.1. | Why electric vehicles? |
| 2.1.2. | EV powertrain evolution |
| 2.2. | Sunseeker Duo |
| 2.2. | Energy Harvesting Microwatts to Megawatts Off-Grid |
| 2.3. | High power energy harvesting in the big picture |
| 2.3. | Turanor and Solar Impulse |
| 2.4. | Progression to energy independent vehicles |
| 2.4.1. | SolarWorld e-One Germany |
| 2.4.2. | Solar Flight Sunseeker Duo USA |
| 2.5. | Fully energy independent vehicles |
| 3. | HIGH POWER ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY, MARKET AND FUTURE |
| 3.1. | The performance of the favourite energy harvesting technologies. Technologies with no moving parts are shown in red. Thermoelectric not so good when it needs fins or water cooling. |
| 3.1. | HPEH Technology |
| 3.1. | Maturity of off-grid HPEH technologies in adoption and development not age. Electricity used where made. |
| 3.2. | Power density provided by different forms of high power energy harvesting. Best volumetric and gravimetric energy density. |
| 3.2. | Technologies compared |
| 3.2. | Typical energy harvesting system |
| 3.2.1. | Parametric |
| 3.2.2. | System design: transducer, power conditioning, energy storage |
| 3.3. | The Trinity wind turbine is light and portable, for powering mobile devices and cars |
| 3.3. | Mature technologies |
| 3.3. | Some classical applications with the type of transducer and energy storage typically chosen |
| 3.3.1. | Wind turbines, rotary blade |
| 3.3.2. | Conventional photovoltaics |
| 3.3.3. | Regenerative braking |
| 3.4. | Simplest scheme for vehicle regenerative braking |
| 3.4. | Comparison of pn junction and photoelectrochemical photovoltaics |
| 3.4. | Photovoltaics in future |
| 3.4.1. | Ultralight solar cells designed to drive drones |
| 3.5. | Nissan Lithium-ion forklift with regenerative braking |
| 3.5. | Triboelectric vehicle tires |
| 3.5. | The main options for photovoltaics beyond conventional silicon compared |
| 3.6. | Off-grid wave harvesting |
| 3.6. | Mazda supercapacitor-based energy harvesting from reversing alternator during coasting and braking in a conventional car |
| 3.6.1. | Introduction |
| 3.6.2. | CorPower Ocean Sweden |
| 3.6.3. | Levant Power USA |
| 3.6.4. | National Agency for New Energy Technologies (ENEA) Italy |
| 3.7. | Regen braking research |
| 3.7. | HPEH in context: IRENA Roadmap to 27% Renewable |
| 3.8. | Electric vehicle end game: free non-stop road travel |
| 3.8. | Lightweight 'solar foil' |
| 3.9. | Energy harvesting from Levant Power |
| 3.9. | Photovoltaics and combination PV: key EIV enabler |
| 3.9.1. | Flexible, conformal, transparent, UV, IR |
| 3.9.2. | Technological options |
| 3.9.3. | Principles of operation |
| 3.9.4. | Options for flexible PV |
| 3.9.5. | Many types of photovoltaics needed for harvesting |
| 3.9.6. | Spray on power for electric vehicles and more |
| 3.9.7. | Powerweave harvesting and storage e-fiber/ e-textile for boats and airships |
| 3.9.8. | University of Bolton combined piezo and photo fiber |
| 3.10. | Pendulum Wave Energy Converter (PEWEC) |
| 3.11. | Annual share of annual variable renewable power generation on-grid and off-grid 2014 and 2030 if all Remap options are implemented |
| 3.12. | Kopf Solarshiff pure electric solar powered lake boats in Germany and the UK for up to 150 people |
| 3.13. | NREL adjudication of efficiencies under standard conditions |
| 3.14. | Powerweave |
| 3.15. | HPP structure |
| 3.16. | HPP envisaged application in buildings |
| 3.17. | Envisaged marine application of HPP |
| 4. | ENERGY INDEPENDENT VEHICLES ON LAND |
| 4.1. | Case Western Reserve University USA cars |
| 4.1. | Dalian golf car |
| 4.2. | IFEVS energy autonomous microcars |
| 4.2. | Dalian sightseeing car China |
| 4.3. | IFEVS microcar Italy |
| 4.3. | Immortus solar sports car concept |
| 4.4. | Immortus ghost diagram |
| 4.4. | Immortus car Australia |
| 4.5. | NFH-H microbus China |
| 4.5. | NFH-H golf car |
| 4.6. | Solar powered power chair vehicle for the mobility impaired |
| 4.6. | Solar powered power chair in 2013 |
| 4.7. | Solar racing cars worldwide |
| 4.7. | Examples of solar racing cars |
| 4.8. | Venturi Eclectic |
| 4.8. | Venturi Eclectic car France |
| 4.9. | VineRobot Europe |
| 4.9. | VineRobot work program |
| 5. | ENERGY INDEPENDENT BOATS AND SHIPS |
| 5.1. | Loon pontoon boat Canada |
| 5.1. | Loon |
| 5.2. | MARS |
| 5.2. | MARS Shuttleworth motor yacht, UK |
| 5.3. | Milper REP-SAIL motor yacht, Turkey |
| 5.3. | Milper and the REP-SAIL project. |
| 5.4. | Rensea MARINA |
| 5.4. | Rensea MARINA motor yacht Europe |
| 5.5. | Seaswarm oil slick gathering robot, USA |
| 5.5. | Seaswarm |
| 5.6. | SoelCat |
| 5.6. | SoelCat motor boat Netherlands |
| 5.7. | SolarLab tourist boats Germany |
| 5.7. | Alster Sun Hamburg Solar Shuttle |
| 5.8. | Constance Solar Shuttle |
| 5.8. | Sun 21 Solar Boat |
| 5.9. | Turanor Planet Solar Germany |
| 5.9. | Turanor fact sheet |
| 5.10. | Turanor construction process |
| 5.10. | Vaka Moana motor yacht Netherlands |
| 5.11. | Wave and sun powered sea gliders |
| 5.11. | Vaka Moana |
| 5.11.1. | Falmouth Scientific Inc. USA |
| 5.11.2. | Liquid Robotics USA |
| 5.11.3. | US Naval Undersea Warfare Center |
| 5.12. | Falmouth Scientific solar sea glider AUV |
| 5.13. | Wave and sun powered sea glider |
| 5.14. | Autonomous wave glider |
| 5.15. | PACX Wave Glider |
| 5.16. | Large autonomous robot jellyfish |
| 6. | ENERGY INDEPENDENT AIRCRAFT |
| 6.1. | Dirisolar airship France |
| 6.1. | Dirisolar |
| 6.2. | AtlantikSolar2 |
| 6.2. | ETHZ UAV Switzerland |
| 6.3. | ISIS airship USA |
| 6.3. | ISIS concept |
| 6.4. | Lockheed HALE-D |
| 6.4. | Lockheed Martin airship USA |
| 6.5. | NASA Helios USA |
| 6.5. | Helios |
| 6.6. | Solar surveillance airship ordered by the US military |
| 6.6. | Northrop Grumman airship USA |
| 6.7. | Projet Sol'r Nepheleos France |
| 6.7. | Nepheleos |
| 6.8. | Sunstar |
| 6.8. | Solar Flight USA |
| 6.9. | Solar Impulse Switzerland |
| 6.9. | Solar Impulse compared to jumbo jet |
| 6.10. | Ghost pictures of Solar Impulse 2 |
| 6.10. | Solar powered drone Politecnico Di Torino (Polytechnic University Of Turin |
| 6.11. | Solar Ship inflatable aircraft Canada |
| 6.11. | Round the world route |
| 6.12. | Flight to Hawaii |
| 6.12. | Sunrise Solar airship Turkey |
| 6.13. | Turtle Airships Spain |
| 6.13. | Solar Ship |
| 6.14. | Operating principle |
| 6.15. | Turtle airship concept |
| 7. | INTERVIEWS AND PRESENTATIONS 2015: EXAMPLES |
| 7.1. | Marine - various |
| 7.1. | Energy harvesting considered and rejected for autonomous short sea ship except possibly wave |
| 7.2. | CargoTrike with 300W EIV with solar panel on top |
| 7.2. | Energy storage Japan |
| 7.3. | Spray on solar Netherlands |
| 7.4. | CargoTrike UK |
| IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
Only up to date report on the full picture focussing on technology and commercial prospects
报告统计信息
| Pages | 170 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 34 |
| Figures | 93 |
| 预测 | 2026 |
Customer Testimonial
"IDTechEx consistently provides well-structured and comprehensive research reports, offering a clear and holistic view of key trends... It's my first go-to platform for quickly exploring new topics and staying updated on industry advancements."