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Supercapacitor Materials 2015-2025: Formulations, Forecasts, Roadmap, Companies

Functional materials for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC) / ultracapacitors & supercabatteries (AEDLC)

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This report explains the materials, performance achievements and objectives of the 80 manufacturers of supercapacitors and supercabatteries. It reveals, in easily accessed form, the performance, formulation and morphology of the key materials used and planned for the future. It concerns materials work both by the device manufacturers and by the many third party developers and suppliers across the world. The structure of a supercapacitor and supercabattery is introduced together with the materials and parameters needed.
 
Particularly focussed on the primary market need for the future - lower cost and higher energy density - the candidate families of material are assess and progress reported and predicted. Notably that means electrode and electrolyte materials. For electrodes that includes graphene, aerogels and chemically-derived carbons. Important for future electrolyte needs are such things as the new neutral aqueous electrolytes permitting low cost current collectors, ionic liquids that now work at low temperatures and new organic solvents that are less toxic and flammable.
 
For electrodes, the various hierarchical, exohedral and thin film options are compared and all is related to various end points from micro-supercapacitors to structural ones and large ones in electric vehicles, grid and other electrical engineering applications. For example, we forecast the best energy density that will be achieved in volume production in the next ten years and in 15 years from now, the best candidate materials, capacitor structures and electrolytes for achieving this and the value market resulting.
 
Key players are identified and their plans revealed based on a host of ongoing interviews. This report is a sister report to our supercapacitor report covering company strategies and the road map of new applications and markets for the devices that is enabled by forecasted improvements in performance. Over these, there is a broad master report introducing the whole breadth of the subject. The years of ongoing research carried out for these earlier reports leverages this new report on materials.
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1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1.Comparison with batteries
1.1.Narrowing the gap. Energy density of supercapacitors/ lithium-ion capacitors and lithium-ion batteries 2015-2027
1.1.Comparison of features of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors
1.2.Comparison of features of supercapacitors with electrolytic capacitors
1.2.Three basic options for supercapacitor technology
1.2.Comparison with electrolyte capacitors
1.3.Focus on functional materials
1.3.Dialogue of the deaf
1.3.Some of the better advances in experimental capacitance density achieved by electrode materials
1.4.Specific capacitance for various electrode materials
1.4.Supercapacitor construction
1.4.Too many customers
1.5.Faster improvement
1.5.Supercapacitor cost breakdown
1.5.Comparison of supercapacitor properties by material with problem areas in red
1.6.Graphene supercapacitor and supercabattery research results. Red equivalent to present or future lithium-ion batteries. Yellow equivalent to lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries.
1.6.Iterative improvement of energy density with cost - following the best bets.
1.6.Market for supercapacitors rising faster than Li-ion batteries
1.7.Options: operating principles
1.7.A more detailed look at options for improving the materials used in supercapacitors
1.7.Total market for supercapacitors and supercabatteries 2014-2025
1.8.Roadmap 2015-2025
1.8.Some higher voltage organic solute and organic ionic electrolytes compared.
1.8.What needs improving?
1.8.1.Replacing Li-ion batteries
1.8.2.Dramatic benefit from energy density increase
1.8.3.Example in action
1.9.Construction and cost structure
1.9.Specific capacitance vs identified area for graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes
1.9.80 manufacturers, putative manufacturers and commercial companies developing supercapacitors, supercabatteries and carbon-enhanced lead batteries for commercialisation with country, website and device technology.
1.10.Features of life cycle
1.10.Choices of material: important parameters to improve
1.10.1.Carbon is unassailable
1.10.2.How to improve cost and energy density
1.10.3.Voltage and area improvement
1.10.4.Highest power density
1.10.5.Series resistance
1.10.6.Time constant
1.10.7.Leakage current
1.11.Progress with electrode materials
1.11.Evolution matrix for supercapacitor materials
1.12.Total market for supercapacitors and supercabatteries 2014-2025
1.12.Electrolytes
1.12.1.Comparison of options
1.12.2.Higher voltage electrolytes
1.12.3.Aqueous electrolytes become attractive
1.12.4.Organic ionic electrolytes
1.12.5.Acetonitrile concern
1.12.6.New electrolyte for hybrid supercapacitors
1.13.Supercabatteries
1.13.The 30 leading companies and institutions patenting supercapacitor materials and processes for 2005-8, expected to be commercialised 2010-2018
1.13.1.Graphene a strong focus
1.14.Graphene goes well with the new electrolytes
1.14.Supercapacitor manufacturers by country distribution.
1.14.1.Other reasons for graphene
1.14.2.Graphene advance in 2015
1.14.3.Stretchable supercapacitors in 2014-15
1.15.Materials maturity and profit
1.15.Supercapacitor focus for small wearable healthcare devices
1.16.Market potential 2015-2025
1.17.Hemp pseudo graphene?
1.18.Lessons from the IDTechEx Supercapacitors event California November 2014
1.19.Supercapacitors on the smaller scale
1.20.News in 2016
1.20.1.ETRI Korea exceptional supercapacitors - April 2016
1.20.2.FASTcap advances - September 2016
1.20.3.Metal oxide frameworks - October 2016
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.Where supercapacitors fit in
2.1.Some of the options and some of the suppliers in the spectrum between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries with primary markets shown in yellow
2.1.Parameters of production supercapacitors compared with electrolytic capacitors, pseudocapacitors and lithium-ion batteries
2.2.Aqueous vs non aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitors
2.2.Nippon Chemi-Con non-toxic supercapacitor used for fast charge-discharge in a Mazda sports car
2.2.Supercapacitors and supercabattery basics
2.2.1.Basic geometry
2.2.2.Charging
2.2.3.Discharging and cycling
2.2.4.Energy density
2.2.5.Battery-like variants: pseudocapacitors, supercabatteries
2.2.6.Pseudocapacitance
2.2.7.New supercabattery designs
2.3.Supercapacitors and alternatives compared
2.3.Symmetric supercapacitor construction
2.3.Properties conferred by aqueous vs non-aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitors and supercabatteries
2.4.Symmetric compared to asymmetric supercapacitor construction
2.4.Fundamentals
2.5.Laminar biodegradable option
2.5.Yunasko approach to supercabatteries
2.6.Summary of ultracapacitor device characteristics
2.6.Structural supercapacitors
2.6.1.Queensland UT supercap car body
2.6.2.Fiber supercapacitors
2.6.3.Stretchable Capacitors
2.6.4.Microcapacitors
2.6.5.Embedding with Flexible Printed Circuits
2.6.6.Electrical component hitches a ride with mechanical support
2.6.7.AMBER activity of the CRANN Institute at Trinity College Dublin
2.7.Electrolyte improvements ahead
2.7.Side view of a structural supercapacitor shows the blue polymer electrolyte that glues the silicon electrodes together
2.7.1.Aqueous vs non-aqueous electrolytes
2.7.2.Polyacenes or polypyrrole
2.7.3.New ionic liquid electrolytes
2.7.4.Prospect of radically different battery and capacitor shapes
2.8.Equivalent circuits and limitations
2.8.The engineers suspended a heavy laptop from the supercapacitor to demonstrate its strength.
2.8.1.Equivalent circuits
2.8.2.Example of fixing the limitations
2.9.Supercapacitor sales have a new driver: safety
2.9.Cambridge U. stretchable supercapacitor
2.9.1.Why supercapacitors replace batteries today
2.9.2.Dielectric capacitor to beat batteries?
2.9.3.Troublesome life of rechargeable batteries
2.9.4.So where are we now?
2.9.5.What next?
2.9.6.Good cell and system design
2.9.7.Faster improvement
2.9.8.Complex electronic controls
2.9.9.The air industry benchmarks badly
2.10.Disruptive supercapacitors now taken more seriously
2.10.Micro capacitor by Cambridge University
2.10.1.Lithium-ion batteries still ahead in ten years
2.10.2.Supercapacitors first choice for safety?
2.11.Change of leadership of the global value market?
2.11.The structural supercapacitor as a flat laminate (top) and as a car trunk lid (bottom) that can light LED lights
2.11.1.Maxwell Technologies
2.11.2.Largest orders today: Meidensha
2.12.Battery and fuel cell management with supercapacitors
2.12.Simplest equivalent circuit for an electrolytic capacitor
2.13.Transmission line equivalent circuit for a supercapacitor
2.13.Graphene vs other carbon forms in supercapacitors
2.13.1.Exohedral and hierarchical options both set records
2.13.2.Hierarchical with interconnected pores: breakthrough in 2015
2.14.Environmentally friendlier and safer materials
2.15.Printing supercapacitors
2.16.New manufacturing sites in Europe
3.SEPARATORS
4.ELECTROLYTES BY MANUFACTURER
4.1.Introduction
4.1.Electrolytes used - acetonitrile solvent, other solvent or ionic liquid - by supercapacitor and lithium supercabattery manufacturers and putative manufacturers.
4.2.Toxicity
4.3.Gel electrolytes
4.4.Ionic liquids
4.5.Electrolytes compared by manufacturer.
5.ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND OTHERS
5.1.Introduction
5.1.Electrode materials, electrolytes and formation processes for supercapacitors and supercabatteries
5.1.Narrowing the gap. Energy density of supercapacitors/ lithium-ion capacitors and lithium-ion batteries 2015-2027
5.2.Options for improving the materials used in supercapacitors
5.2.Comparison of features of batteries and supercapacitors
5.2.Electrodes and other materials compared by company
5.3.Materials optimisation
5.3.Comparison of features of supercapacitors with electrolytic capacitors
5.3.Some higher voltage organic solute and organic ionic electrolytes compared.
5.3.1.Requirements to beat batteries
5.3.2.Focus on functional materials
5.3.3.Rapid demand increase
5.3.4.What needs improving?
5.3.5.Replacing Li-ion batteries partly or wholly
5.3.6.Dramatic benefit from energy density increase
5.3.7.Materials aspects
5.3.8.Carbon is unassailable
5.3.9.2D titanium carbide
5.3.10.How to improve cost and energy density
5.3.11.Voltage and area improvement
5.3.12.Materials for highest power density today
5.3.13.Series resistance
5.3.14.Time constant
5.4.Progress with electrode materials
5.4.Some of the better advances in experimental capacitance density achieved by electrode materials
5.5.Graphene supercapacitor and supercabattery research results. Red equivalent to present or future lithium-ion batteries. Yellow equivalent to lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries.
5.5.Graphene
5.5.1.Other reasons for graphene
5.5.2.Self assembling graphene
5.6.Higher voltage electrolytes
5.7.Aqueous electrolytes become attractive
5.8.Organic ionic electrolytes
5.9.Acetonitrile concern
5.10.Supercabattery improvement
6.COMPANY PROFILES
6.1.2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd
6.1.The amount of composite materials used in recent airbus planes
6.2.The amount of structural weight of composites used in planes, in %, as a function of year
6.2.Abalonyx, Norway
6.3.Airbus, France
6.3.Effect of different nanomaterials in resin fracture toughness
6.4.Locations and products of Cambridge Graphene Platform
6.4.Aixtron, Germany
6.5.AMO GmbH, Germany
6.5.Improvement formulation with addition of GRIDSTM 180
6.6.Schematic of the epitaxial process used to grow graphene
6.6.Asbury Carbon, USA
6.7.AZ Electronics, Luxembourg
6.7.Hotmelt-Prepreg-Production
6.8.LM graphene synthesis and processing R&D
6.8.BASF, Germany
6.9.Cambridge Graphene Centre, UK
6.10.Cambridge Graphene Platform, UK
6.11.Carben Semicon Ltd, Russia
6.12.Carbon Solutions, Inc., USA
6.12.The difference between dispersible graphene and non-redispersible graphene
6.13.Catalyx Nanotech Inc. (CNI), USA
6.14.CRANN, Ireland
6.15.Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), USA
6.16.Grafoid, Canada
6.17.GRAnPH Nanotech, Spain
6.17.Silicon carbide wafer
6.18.Graphene Devices, USA
6.19.Graphene NanoChem, UK
6.20.Graphensic AB, Sweden
6.21.Harbin Mulan Foreign Economic and Trade Company, China
6.22.HDPlas, USA
6.22.Comparison of carbon fibre and graphene reinforcement
6.23.Head, Austria
6.24.HRL Laboratories, USA
6.24.Making graphene supercapacitors
6.25.High-performance laser scribed graphene electrodes (LSG)
6.25.IBM, USA
6.26.iTrix, Japan
6.26.Graphene supercapacitor properties
6.27.Flexible, all-solid-state supercapacitors
6.27.JiangSu GeRui Graphene Venture Capital Co., Ltd.
6.28.Jinan Moxi New Material Technology Co., Ltd
6.29.JSR Micro, Inc. / JM Energy Corp.
6.30.Lockheed Martin, USA
6.31.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
6.32.Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany
6.33.Momentive, USA
6.34.Nanjing JCNANO Tech Co., LTD
6.35.Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co.,Ltd
6.36.Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc., USA
6.37.Nokia, Finland
6.38.Pennsylvania State University, USA
6.39.Power Booster, China
6.40.Quantum Materials Corp, India
6.41.Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), USA
6.42.Rice University, USA
6.43.Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, USA
6.44.Samsung Electronics, Korea
6.45.Samsung Techwin, Korea
6.46.SolanPV, USA
6.47.Spirit Aerosystems, USA
6.48.Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Korea
6.49.Texas Instruments, USA
6.50.Thales, France
6.51.The Sixth Element
6.52.University of California Los Angeles, (UCLA), USA
6.53.University of Manchester, UK
6.54.University of Princeton, USA
6.55.University of Southern California (USC), USA
6.56.University of Surrey UK
6.57.University of Texas at Austin, USA
6.58.University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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The total market for supercapacitors will be $8 billion before 2025

报告统计信息

Pages 210
Tables 18
Figures 46
预测 2025
 

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