This report is no longer available. Click here to view our current reports or contact us to discuss a custom report.
If you have previously purchased this report then please use the download links on the right to download the files.
1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Why make electricity from urban infrastructure? |
1.2. | Purpose of this report |
1.3. | Some of the urban locations that will generate their own zero emission electricity |
1.4. | Off-grid structural types |
1.5. | Off grid leading technologies |
1.6. | Microgrids, single mode and minigrids with multi-mode harvesting |
1.7. | Building integrated photovoltaics BIPV: vitally important |
1.8. | BIPV impediments and very positive future |
1.9. | Incompetent urban ZE generation in buildings |
1.10. | Electricity generation from other urban infrastructure |
1.10.1. | Outdoor lighting |
1.10.2. | Solar roads, paths and barriers |
1.11. | PV as integrated power for other functions |
1.12. | Continuity as important as cost: energy storage vs energy harvesting for continuity |
1.13. | Market forecasts |
1.13.1. | Megacity growth 2011-2025 |
1.13.2. | Megacity population by territory 2016 |
1.13.3. | Which renewables, mainly zero emission, take over grid and off grid generation 2012-2040 |
1.13.4. | World net electricity generation from renewable power by fuel 2012-2040 trillion kWh |
1.13.5. | Off grid renewable energy installed capacity GW and kW each in 2050 |
1.13.6. | Retrofit building PV, opaque and transparent BIPV 2017-2028 $billion global |
1.13.7. | View of BIPV commercial, residential, industrial |
1.13.8. | Market for Wind + solar + small battery |
1.13.9. | Organic PV projection |
1.13.10. | Off-grid solar forecast |
1.13.11. | Installed capacity 2018-2050 kTWh/yr by grid, fringe of grid, off grid stationary, vehicle |
1.14. | Urban zero emission electricity generation technology and adoption roadmap |
1.15. | Urban zero emission electricity generation technology and adoption roadmap 2018-2050: storage |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Electrification alone will save 42% of world power demand |
2.2. | History |
2.3. | Access to electricity by people in 2018: conflicting forces |
2.4. | Electricity supply trends 2018 and 2050 |
2.5. | Installed global capacity 2028 kTWh/yr by grid, fringe of grid, off grid stationary, vehicle |
2.6. | Much is changing |
2.7. | More reasons to worry about national grids now |
2.8. | On-grid vs off grid by country |
2.9. | Trends driving need for PV glass |
2.10. | Trend in the use of smart glass in the built environment? |
2.11. | Bridging solar technologies: DeGrussa Australia |
2.12. | Low cost, energy-saving radiative cooling system ready for real-world applications |
3. | URBAN WIND ENERGY |
3.1. | Height and good siting are paramount |
3.2. | Ground turbine wind power does not downsize well: physics and poorer wind |
3.3. | Max Bögl Wind AG |
3.4. | Turbine choices |
3.5. | Options for tapping excellent 200+m wind: particularly strong at night when PV is off |
3.6. | Small turbines |
3.7. | Airborne Wind Energy options: trend cloth kite>fixed wing>drone |
3.7.1. | Mainly a European thing.... |
3.7.2. | AWE dream and reality |
3.7.3. | Some of the risks and misleading claims identified |
3.7.4. | Primary conclusions: AWE technologies |
4. | URBAN PHOTOVOLTAIC PROGRESS AND STRATEGY |
4.1. | Benefits sought |
4.2. | Thin concrete solar; ETH Zurich |
4.3. | Best Research-Cell Efficiencies |
4.4. | Basic configurations |
4.5. | Many competing technologies in PV |
4.6. | Latest technologies: production readiness |
4.6.1. | Conformability helps on buildings: SunMan |
4.7. | Inorganic PV: dominant now, promising future |
4.7.1. | Si, CdTe, perovskite, GaAs-Ge, in BIPV |
4.7.2. | Here comes GaAs thin film PV: Hanergy EIV cars have lessons for BIPV |
4.7.3. | Quantum dot technologies Quantum dot vs perovskite |
4.7.4. | Solterra |
4.7.5. | Magnolia Solar Corporation |
4.7.6. | Quantum dot TLSC: Los Alamos |
4.7.7. | QD Solar |
4.8. | Transparent and translucent PV |
4.8.1. | Kolon Industries |
4.8.2. | Opvius |
4.8.3. | Polysolar |
4.8.4. | SolarWindow Technologies |
4.8.5. | Tohoku University |
4.8.6. | Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology |
4.9. | Transparent Luminescent and Other Solar Concentrators |
4.9.1. | Michigan State University |
4.9.2. | University of Exeter's Solar Squared Solar Cells |
4.9.3. | Universities of Minnesota and Milano Bicocca |
4.9.4. | Washington Universities Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC) Technology Panels |
4.9.5. | Light-guiding solar concentrators: ITRI Taiwan |
4.9.6. | Light guide solar optic: Morgan Solar Canada |
5. | BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS IN ACTION |
5.1. | Overview |
5.2. | Car parks and electric vehicle charging shelters |
5.2.1. | Saudi Aramco |
5.2.2. | Envision Solar Malta portable solar chargers |
5.3. | PV windows for buildings: Prism Solar, DSM, Topray, Sunshine Solar |
5.4. | Smartflex solar facades Via Solis |
5.5. | Pythagoras Solar |
5.6. | Taiyo Kogyo |
6. | SELF POWERED MULTIFUNCTIONAL SMART WINDOWS AND GLASS |
6.1. | Self powered architectural features |
6.2. | Summary of phenomena behind smart glass technologies, materials and manufacturers |
6.3. | Choices of capability of electrically active glass |
6.4. | Characteristics of electronic darkening options |
6.5. | PV with optically active window darkening: Princeton University |
6.6. | SPD technology and others |
6.7. | Window retrofit becomes possible: Argo |
6.8. | Research Frontiers Inc |
6.9. | Transparent OLED lighting self powered? |
7. | ELECTRICITY GENERATING ROADS, PATHS, FENCES, LAMP POSTS |
7.1. | Solar roads and paths |
7.1.1. | TNO Solaroad |
7.2. | Heavy duty in prospect |
7.2.1. | Bouygues |
7.2.2. | Solar Roadways: paths then roads |
7.3. | Electricity generating roads, paths: PV, piezo or ED? |
7.3.1. | Google and Pavegen: electrodynamic ED paths |
7.3.2. | Lancaster University UK |
7.3.3. | University of California, Merced: Piezo roads |
7.3.4. | GeorgiaTech piezo surfaces |
7.3.5. | Electricity from heat of roads, parking lots etc |
7.4. | Highway barriers: Eindhoven University of Technology |
8. | URBAN BLUE ENERGY |
8.1. | Dexawave, Noel Gaci, Euromed Malta wave power |
8.2. | Marine Power Systems wave power |
8.3. | REAC Energy ocean current |
APPENDIX - DEVELOPING AND LIVING WITH A PV-CENTERED MICROGRID |
幻灯片 | 166 |
---|