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Stretchable Electronics Comes to Market
Inmold, foldable, stretchable and skin-like electronics
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Introduction
Stretchable electronics concerns electrical and electronic circuits and combinations of these that are elastically or inelastically stretchable by more than a few percent while retaining function. For that, they tend to be laminar and usually thin. No definitions of electronics and electrical sectors are fully watertight but it is convenient to consider stretchable electronics as a part of printed electronics, a term taken to include printed and potentially printed (eg thin film) electronics and electrics. This is because the cost, space and weight reduction sought in most cases is best achieved by printing and printing-like technologies.
Commercialization
Commercialization is elusive, though there are some initial adoption such as moldable parts in vehicles and shape changing electroactive polymers for haptic response. New devices also include Reebok's head impact indicator "CheckLight". These are just the beginning, with end users and participants seeing huge potential.
Investment
Electronics that are very elastic or deformable without loss of function has seen several hundred million dollars spent by universities on such research so far and more modest tens of millions of dollars has been raised by companies to pursue the opportunity. A notable example of this was the 2012 round of $12.5 million by MC10 in the USA, a company exclusively dedicated to commercialising stretchable electronics. Others are involved in the materials to enable stretchable electronics such as carbon nanotubes.
Market and Territory Analysis
The applications targeted are primarily in healthcare, including health-related monitoring and management for military purposes and sport. About 40% of the research and commercialisation of stretchable electronics takes place in the USA, with the UK, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Korea and Japan, also making a broad impact. This report examines who is bringing what to market and why and it analyses where the most promising opportunities lie. It scopes the emerging stretchable technologies, many of which promise huge improvements, opening yet more potential markets.
Main areas the report covers
The report examines how stretchable technology fits into the electronics and end user markets, the materials and applications that look most promising, and the lessons of success and failure. Profiles of 56 organizations that have made significant advances are provided.
Source: IDTechEx
Who should buy this report?
This report should be read by those developing, manufacturing and selling stretchable electronics and those that seek to do so, and those wishing to do product integration involving stretchable electronics. Those seeking to improve procedures, capability, safety cost and efficiency particularly in healthcare, sport, military, automotive and consumer electronics and electrics sectors will find this of great value, in addition to investors and potential investors in leading edge electronics and electric companies and materials scientists, electronics and electrical industry professionals.
Forecasts
At this early stage forecasting is difficult but we give some indications for the next ten years and reveal many key trends. We provide forecasts for allied sectors such as printed and flexible electronics which interrelate to stretchable electronics.
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | Forecasts |
| 1.1. | The unbalanced supply chain for printed electronics |
| 1.1. | Four types of stretchable electronics |
| 1.2. | Main uses, actual and envisaged, of the primary forms of printed electronics |
| 1.2. | Categories of printed electronics and the place of stretchable electronics, morphologies and chemistry today in terms of function and commercialisation. |
| 1.2. | Definition and purpose |
| 1.3. | Commercial success |
| 1.3. | Concept of stretchable electronics in body decoration |
| 1.3. | Some potential benefits of printed and partly printed electronics and electrics over conventional devices in various applications with relevance to stretchable electronics |
| 1.4. | Examples of leading companies commercialising printed electronics by type |
| 1.4. | 3000 of the leading organisations tackling printed and potentially printed devices and their materials |
| 1.4. | Unbalanced value chain |
| 1.5. | Four types of stretchable electronics |
| 1.5. | Nantennas for flexible solar power film. |
| 1.5. | Market forecast by component type for 2013-2023 in US$ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites |
| 1.6. | Market forecasts for 2032 in $ billion |
| 1.6. | Market forecast by component type for 2013-2023 in US$ billions, for printed and potentially printed electronics including organic, inorganic and composites |
| 1.6. | Categories of printed electronics and the place of stretchable |
| 1.7. | The three most promising types |
| 1.7. | Market forecasts for the global market for printed electronics in 2032 in $ billion |
| 1.7. | Leading market drivers 2023 |
| 1.8. | Leading market drivers 2023 |
| 1.8. | Too much emphasis on healthcare? |
| 1.9. | Popular approach of islands |
| 1.9. | T-Ink overhead control and lighting cluster in the Ford Fusion car |
| 1.10. | Extreme stretchability |
| 1.11. | Potential benefits |
| 1.12. | Activities by organisation |
| 1.13. | The market for printed electronics 2013-2023 |
| 1.14. | The potential significance of flexible and stretchable electronics |
| 1.15. | Stretchability in order to manufacture formed parts |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Ubiquitous electronics |
| 2.1. | Ubiquitous electronics |
| 2.1. | Types of printed electronics and allied capabilities |
| 2.2. | Collaboration essential to the new electronics. |
| 2.2. | Characteristics of the new electronics |
| 2.3. | Demographic timebomb |
| 2.3. | The novel waveguide connects a light source to a detector to make what may be the first truly stretchable optical circuit |
| 2.4. | The new optical circuit works when bent around an object about the diameter of a human finger |
| 2.4. | The evolving toolkit |
| 2.5. | Very different from the traditional value chain |
| 2.5. | Foldable two meter diameter printed AC electroluminescent disco light |
| 2.6. | Motion Lighting AC electroluminescent lamps |
| 2.6. | Stretchable electronics |
| 2.7. | Stretchable, bendable electronics - a stretchable highway for light |
| 2.7. | Estée Lauder skin patch which electrically accelerates the absorption of cosmetic reducing creases and blotches in the skin. |
| 2.8. | Leading forms of printed, flexible sensors and diagnostics |
| 2.8. | Foldable electronics |
| 2.9. | Removing pressure points from electronic skin patches and bandages |
| 2.9. | Pressure sensor matrix |
| 2.10. | Large area and high power flexible and stretchable electronics |
| 2.10. | Printing sensors |
| 2.11. | Wide repertoire |
| 2.11. | Flexible and stretchable volume/ price options |
| 3. | HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS |
| 3.1. | Active monitoring hardware |
| 3.1. | Active monitoring hardware |
| 3.2. | Barbing blanket |
| 3.2. | Birubin blanket |
| 3.3. | Controlling brain seizures |
| 3.3. | Animal brain map taken using stretchable electronics during seizure |
| 3.4. | Epidermal stretchable electronics |
| 3.4. | Epidermal electronics |
| 3.5. | Heart monitoring and control |
| 3.5. | Heart harvester design |
| 3.5.1. | Driving defibrillator and pacemaker implants |
| 3.5.2. | Mapping heart action and providing therapy |
| 3.5.3. | Bio-integrated electronics for cardiac therapy |
| 3.6. | Medical micropackaging |
| 3.6. | Heart harvester in action |
| 3.7. | Electronics on Balloons: Instrumented Surgical Catheters |
| 3.7. | Monitoring compression garments |
| 3.8. | Monitoring babies |
| 3.8. | Urgo band aid demonstrator for pressure measurement undercompression garments. |
| 3.9. | Flexible silicon skin |
| 3.9. | Monitoring shoe insoles of those with diabetes |
| 3.10. | Monitoring vital signs with smart textiles |
| 3.10. | Integrated stretchable Ruler in SCB design |
| 3.11. | Shoe insole for monitoring those with diabetes |
| 3.11. | Stretchable electronic fibers: supercapacitors |
| 3.12. | Non-invasive sensing and analysis of sweat |
| 3.12. | Stretchable supercapacitor yarn |
| 3.13. | Body Area Network |
| 3.13. | Renal function monitoring |
| 3.14. | Remote monitoring and telemetry of vital signs |
| 3.14. | Body monitoring with telemetry |
| 3.14.1. | Body Area Networks BAN |
| 3.14.2. | Skin sensors with telemetry |
| 3.15. | Innovative body sensor that can be worn by users to remotely gather physiological data |
| 4. | OTHER APPLICATIONS |
| 4.1. | Wearable electronics |
| 4.1. | Stretchable watch made with rigid components and laser cut stretchable metal interconnect |
| 4.1.1. | Energy harvester |
| 4.1.2. | Stretchable watch |
| 4.2. | Sport and leisure |
| 4.2. | Stretchable LED array using conventional rigid LEDs that works under water |
| 4.2.1. | Electronic eyeball camera |
| 4.2.2. | Baseball demonstrator of stretchable transistors |
| 4.3. | Automotive electronics |
| 4.3. | Eyeball camera |
| 4.4. | Flexible and stretchable thin film transistor array covering a baseball |
| 4.4. | Haptic actuators for consumer and industrial electronics |
| 4.5. | Heating circuits |
| 4.5. | Kuniharu Takei, Toshitake Takahashi and Ali Javey at the microscope electric probe station used to characterize flexible and stretchable backplanes for e-skin and other electronic devices. |
| 4.6. | Car compartment demonstrator |
| 4.6. | Light emitting textiles |
| 4.7. | Stretchable supercapacitors |
| 4.7. | Pelikon haptic touch actuator |
| 4.8. | A printed heating circuit in STELLA-SPB-Technology by FNM |
| 4.9. | Light emitting textile |
| 4.10. | University of Delaware professors Tsu-Wei Chou and Bingqing Wei have successfully developed a compact, stretchable wire-shaped supercapacitor |
| 5. | STRETCHABILITY REQUIREMENTS AND STRUCTURAL APPROACH |
| 5.1. | Morphology and geometry |
| 5.1. | Primary morphologies of stretchable electronics today. |
| 5.2. | Skin extensibility map |
| 5.2. | Basic choices of construction |
| 5.3. | Extensibility sought |
| 5.3. | Mechanical properties of typical materials used in stretchable electronics |
| 5.4. | Mechanical architecture of stretchable electronics |
| 5.4. | Choice of electronic sophistication |
| 5.5. | Rigid islands as an option |
| 5.5. | Silicon nanowire spring |
| 5.5.1. | Nanowire springs - a possible next generation |
| 5.6. | Stretchable materials |
| 5.6. | Limited 3D "trampoline" stretchability with islands |
| 5.6.1. | Example - transparent skin-like pressure sensor |
| 5.6.2. | Example - First polymer LED that stays lit up when stretched and scrunched |
| 5.7. | Possible stretchable technology evolution |
| 5.7. | Meander pattern for trampoline testing |
| 5.8. | Stanford ultra-stretchy skin-like pressure sensor |
| 5.8. | Printed and stretchable electronics need new design rules |
| 5.9. | Possible evolution of stretchable electronics |
| 5.10. | Early cars borrowed the body styles and chassis construction of horse-drawn vehicles. |
| 5.11. | Bluespark printed manganese dioxide zinc battery supporting integral antenna and interconnects. |
| 6. | KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES -STRETCHABLE AND FOLDABLE |
| 6.1. | Stretchable conductors |
| 6.1. | Peeling sticker to make spring |
| 6.1. | Energy harvesting compared with alternatives |
| 6.1.1. | Options |
| 6.1.2. | Stretchable carbon nanotube conductors |
| 6.1.3. | Stretchable conductors on textiles |
| 6.2. | Stretchable electronic and electrical components |
| 6.2. | Comparison of pn junction and electrophotochemical photovoltaics. |
| 6.2. | Stretchable carbon nanotube conductors |
| 6.2.1. | UNIST Korea new transparent, stretchable electrode in 2013 |
| 6.3. | The first fully stretchable OLED |
| 6.3. | Conductive pattern printed on a non-woven textile |
| 6.4. | Gold electrodes on silicone skin wrapped around a table corner |
| 6.4. | Energy harvesting |
| 6.4.1. | Energy harvesting compared with alternatives |
| 6.4.2. | Power requirements of different devices |
| 6.4.3. | Harvesting options to meet these requirements |
| 6.4.4. | Ubiquitous photovoltaics |
| 6.4.5. | Sensor power requirements |
| 6.4.6. | Stanford's new stretchable solar cells |
| 6.4.7. | Engineers monitor heart health using paper-thin flexible 'skin' |
| 6.4.8. | Trend towards multiple energy harvesting |
| 6.4.9. | Timeline |
| 6.5. | Stretchable batteries |
| 6.5. | The new form of stretchable electronics |
| 6.6. | Stretchable OLED |
| 6.6. | Electroactive polymers |
| 6.7. | Harvesting options by power level |
| 6.8. | Power requirements of small electronic products including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the types of battery employed |
| 6.9. | Microsensor power budget |
| 6.10. | Power density provided by different forms of energy harvesting |
| 6.11. | Stanford stretchable photovoltaics. |
| 6.12. | Professor Zhenan Bao |
| 6.13. | Flexible, skin-like heart monitor |
| 6.14. | Timeline for widespread deployment of energy harvesting |
| 6.15. | Artificial Muscle original business plan |
| 6.16. | Artificial Muscle's actuator |
| 7. | PROFILES OF 58 ORGANISATIONS IN THIS FIELD |
| 7.1. | ACREO Sweden |
| 7.1. | Distribution of profiles by country |
| 7.2. | Transparent photovoltaic film |
| 7.2. | AIST |
| 7.3. | AIST Japan |
| 7.3. | ViviTouch by Artificial Muscle Inc |
| 7.4. | Solar sail made of printed Dye Sensitised Solar Cells DSSC that can be furled |
| 7.4. | Artificial Muscle USA |
| 7.5. | Air Force Laboratory USA |
| 7.5. | Nantennas |
| 7.6. | Bulk nantennas |
| 7.6. | Avery Dennison USA |
| 7.7. | Body Media USA |
| 7.7. | Human sensor networks |
| 7.8. | ICT stretchable printed circuit board |
| 7.8. | Cambrios Technologies USA |
| 7.9. | Canatu |
| 7.9. | ICT wearable electronics |
| 7.10. | Morph concept |
| 7.10. | East Japan Railway Company Japan |
| 7.11. | École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Switzerland |
| 7.11. | Flexible & Changing Design |
| 7.12. | Concept device based on reduce, reuse recycle envisages many forms of energy harvesting |
| 7.12. | Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI Korea |
| 7.13. | Fraunhofer IZM |
| 7.13. | Carrying strap provides power to the sensor unit |
| 7.14. | An optical image of an electronic device in a complex deformation mode |
| 7.14. | French National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS France |
| 7.15. | Freudenberg Germany |
| 7.15. | Pelikon haptic, light emitting keyboard that changes for different purposes. |
| 7.16. | PowerFilm literature |
| 7.16. | G24 Innovations UK |
| 7.17. | Georgia Institute of Technology USA |
| 7.17. | Knee-Mounted Device Generates Electricity While You Walk |
| 7.18. | Heart harvester developed at Southampton University Hospital |
| 7.18. | Holst Centre Netherlands |
| 7.19. | Idaho National Laboratory USA |
| 7.19. | Stretchable graphene transistors |
| 7.20. | Transmitter left and implanted receiver right for inductively powered implantable dropped foot stimulator for stroke victims |
| 7.20. | Imec Belgium |
| 7.21. | Imperial College UK |
| 7.21. | Surveillance bat |
| 7.22. | Sensor head on COM-BAT |
| 7.22. | Infinite Corridor Technology ICT |
| 7.23. | IntAct USA |
| 7.23. | Stretchable wireless sensor on knee |
| 7.24. | ITRI Taiwan |
| 7.25. | Johannes Kepler University Austria |
| 7.26. | Korea Electronics Technology Institute Korea |
| 7.27. | Lockheed Martin Corporation USA |
| 7.28. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA |
| 7.29. | MC10 USA |
| 7.30. | Michigan Technological University USA |
| 7.31. | Micromuscle Sweden |
| 7.32. | Nokia Research Centre Cambridge UK |
| 7.33. | Northwestern University USA |
| 7.34. | Palo Alto Research Center PARC USA |
| 7.35. | Pelikon UK |
| 7.36. | Philips Netherlands |
| 7.37. | Physical Optics Corporation USA |
| 7.38. | POWERLeap USA |
| 7.39. | PowerFilm USA |
| 7.40. | Shimmer Research USA |
| 7.41. | Simon Fraser University Canada |
| 7.42. | Smartex Italy |
| 7.43. | Southampton University Hospital UK |
| 7.44. | Stanford University USA |
| 7.45. | Sungkyunkwang University Korea |
| 7.46. | T-ink |
| 7.47. | Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan |
| 7.48. | Tyndall National Institute Ireland |
| 7.49. | University of Cambridge UK |
| 7.50. | University of Gent Belgium |
| 7.51. | University of Heidelberg Germany |
| 7.52. | University of Illinois Urbana Champaign USA |
| 7.53. | University of Michigan USA |
| 7.54. | University of Pittsburgh USA |
| 7.55. | University of Princeton USA |
| 7.56. | University of Tokyo |
| 7.57. | Uppsala University Sweden |
| 7.58. | Urgo France |
| 7.59. | Verhaert, Belgium |
| 8. | GLOSSARY |
| APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
Over $1 billion has been spent on research on stretchable electronics in 35 years
报告统计信息
| Pages | 157 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 10 |
| Figures | 95 |
| Companies | 58 |
| 预测 | 2023 |
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