到2035年,直接液体冷却的市场规模将超过510亿美元。

2025年-2035年数据中心热管理:技术、市场和机遇

空气冷却、直接芯片冷却、浸没式冷却、单相、两相、合作伙伴关系、冷却液分配单元、供应链集成分析和总拥有成本分析。


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本报告深入剖析了数据中心所应用的多种冷却技术,涵盖空气冷却系统、单相与两相冷板/直接芯片冷却方案、浸没式冷却技术,以及配套的冷却液分配单元(CDU)、冷却液、关键热界面材料(TIM)与精密泵系统。报告系统性地评估了每种冷却技术的优劣势,并以行业领军者的前瞻视角绘制了一份详尽的路线图,揭示了数据中心服务器机架扩容趋势及人工智能等新兴应用对这些技术的采用情况。本报告还执行了供应链成本效益分析,评估了潜在的供应链整合机会,并概述了企业在向数据中心冷却行业供应组件时需要考虑的关键因素。
本报告提供了关于数据中心冷却领域的关键市场情报,涵盖包括空气冷却、单相直芯冷却、双相直芯冷却、喷雾冷却、单相浸没和双相浸没在内的六种相关冷却技术。更多详细信息包括:
  • 深入审查数据中心冷却解决方案的背景和技术
  • 冷却技术及其子领域的历史背景和发展
  • 各冷却领域内重大创新和技术的全面概述
  • 数据中心冷却行业当前趋势和主题的考察
  • 热设计功率趋势及其对数据中心冷却价值链的影响评估
  • 空气冷却技术的详细回顾,包括历史背景、进展及其在大型数据中心部署和混合设置中的作用
  • 液体冷却技术的考察,如直芯冷却,比较单相和双相系统,以及基于TDP预测曲线的采用趋势
  • 高级冷却方法的分析,如回路热管、浸没式冷却(单相和双相)及其对高密度计算环境的影响
  • 冷却液的回顾,包括类型、法规、成本和行业标准的比较
  • 冷却液分配单元(CDU)和泵的评估,提供市场需求和技术演变的见解
  • 热界面材料(TIMs)领域的见解,涵盖高性能计算中的创新和使用
  • 数据中心冷却生态系统中参与者的分析,详细审查每个参与者的价值链和市场地位
  • 2022-2024年数据中心冷却技术的历史市场数据
  • 按功率密度划分的数据中心服务器机架分析
  • 关键冷却解决方案按组件划分的十年市场规模预测(2025-2035),包括空气冷却、直芯冷却(冷却液分配单元、冷板+软管+管道+服务器内部流体分配网络、歧管、快速断开装置以及用于D2C的空气冷却组件)和浸没式冷却(浸没箱、冷却液、管道/阀门/监控以及冷却液分配单元),包括预测方法
  • 按AI和非AI应用划分的十年量和市场规模预测(2025-2035)
  • 用于数据中心应用的热界面材料十年市场规模预测(2025-2035)
 
目录
1. 执行摘要
2. 引言
3. 热管理方法概述
4. 空气冷却
4.1 风扇
4.2 后门热交换器(RDHx)、CRAH 和 CRAC 单元
4.3 冷水机组与冷却塔
4.4 空气冷却收入(美元)预测
5. 液体冷却概述
5.1 GPU 和 CPU 的 TDP 预测,以及直芯液体冷却时间表
5.2 按功率分类的数据中心百分比:<20MW, 20-43MW, 43-66MW, 66-89MW, 89-112MW, 112-135MW, 135+MW
5.3 按机架功率分类的数据中心服务器机架百分比:<20kW, 20-40kW, 40-60kW, 60-80kW, 80-100kW, 100-120kW, 120-140kW, 140-160kW, 160+kW
6. 冷板/直芯冷却
6.1 直芯(D2C)冷却系统的量预测,包括CDU、歧管、快速断开装置及用于D2C的空气冷却组件。
6.2 D2C组件成本分析
6.3 直芯(D2C)冷却收入(美元)预测
6.4 直芯(D2C)冷却优缺点
6.5 用例研究
6.6 单相和双相D2C市场份额预测
6.7 按AI和非AI应用划分的D2C市场规模预测
7. 喷雾冷却
8. 浸没式冷却
8.1 浸没式冷却收入(美元)预测,包括箱体、冷却液、CDU及管道/阀门/监控。
8.2 浸没式与空气冷却总拥有成本(TCO)及回报时间比较
9. 冷却液体
9.1 比较
9.2 法规与路线图
10. 合作伙伴关系与制冷解决方案路线图
10.1 制冷价值链概述
10.2 不同价值链位置参与者之间的合作
11. 总拥有成本(TCO)分析
11.1 四个商业数据中心十年TCO分析
11.2 空气冷却、D2C 和浸没式每瓦特成本比较(美元)
11.3 按主要组件分析数据中心制冷成本(如风扇、冷媒、冷板、歧管、CDU、快速断开装置等)
12. 冷媒分配单元 (CDU)
12.1 主组件概述,包括泵、过滤系统、传感器及热能再利用潜力
12.2 热能再利用用例
13. 热界面材料 (TIMs)
13.1 TIM简介与趋势
13.2 TIM在服务器中的面积预测 (m²)
14. 预测总结
15. 公司简介列表
 
With the increasing demand for high-performance computing in sectors like AI, cloud computing, and crypto mining, the thermal design power (TDP) of chips has risen significantly over the past 16 years. Nivida's B200 GPU has already demonstrated a TDP of 1200W. With the roadmap released by Nvidia and a recent announcement from Intel on its Falcon Shores chip to be released in 2025, it will not be long before we will see chips with TDP exceeding 1500W. This upward trend in TDP has propelled a need for more efficient thermal management systems at both the micro (server board and chip) and macro (server rack and facility) levels. In recent years, leading data center users have collaborated with various cooling solution vendors to launch innovative pilot projects and commercialize ready-to-use cooling solutions, aiming to enhance cooling performance and meet sustainability targets by adopting more efficient cooling solutions. Nvidia has offered "official" guide by adopting cold plates on their NVLink72 server rack.
 
IDTechEx's report on Thermal Management for Data Centers 2025-2035 covers a granular market forecast of data center cooling technologies segmented by data center server rack power capacity. The report analyses liquid cooling technologies (single-phase cold plate, two-phase cold plate, single-phase immersion, and two-phase immersion), cooling solution value chain, technological barriers of different cooling methods, cost analysis of players in different value chain positions, value chain consolidation potentials, and roadmap for the future cooling strategy.
 
In addition to technical analysis, a comprehensive commercial landscape, such as, the data center cooling value chain, partnerships between players across the value chain, and competitive landscape analysis has also been analyzed.
 
The report delivers an in-depth volume and market size forecast for direct-to-liquid cooling, categorized by components such as CDUs, quick disconnects, manifolds, cold plate systems (including cold plates, hoses, pipes, and fluid distribution networks within servers), and air cooling components for D2C. It also offers a detailed forecast for immersion cooling, segmented by immersion tanks, immersion coolant, CDUs, and related piping, valves, and monitoring systems. Additionally, the forecast is further divided by single-phase and two-phase cooling technologies.
 
The report also provides a 10-year outlook on the use of thermal interface materials (TIMs) across data center components. Moreover, it includes a forecast of liquid cooling adoption, differentiating between AI and non-AI applications, to highlight the industries expected to present the most significant opportunities.
 
Cooling Overview
Data center cooling methods can be broadly categorized into air cooling and liquid cooling, depending on the cooling medium employed. Air cooling relies on air conditioning and/or fans, utilizing convection to dissipate heat from the servers. It has been widely adopted due to its long and successful track record. However, the low specific heat of air makes it challenging to meet the increasing cooling capacity requirements. Additionally, as data center users strive to maximize rack space utilization by densely packing servers (typically 1U servers), the air gaps between servers become narrower, which further reduces the efficiency of air cooling.
 
Liquid cooling, on the other hand, takes advantage of the higher specific heat of liquid to achieve superior cooling performance. Depending on which components the fluids contact, liquid cooling can be classified into direct-to-chip/cold plate cooling, spray cooling, and immersion cooling. Direct-to-chip cooling involves mounting a cold plate with coolant fluid directly on top of heat sources such as GPUs and chipsets, with a thermal interface material (TIM) applied in between. Cold plate cooling can achieve a partial power use effectiveness (pPUE) ranging from 1.02 to 1.20, depending on the specific configuration.
 
An emerging alternative is immersion cooling where the servers are fully submerged in coolant fluids, enabling direct contact between the heat sources and the coolant, thereby achieving the best cooling performance with the lowest pPUE of 1.01. However, its widespread adoption is still limited due to challenges such as high upfront costs (in terms of US$/Watt), maintenance, and complexities of retrofitting the server boards. Nevertheless, immersion cooling holds potential for long-term energy savings thanks to their efficient thermal dissipation, which is not only economically beneficial given the current context of energy crisis but also helps the large companies to achieve their sustainability goals in the long run.
 
IDTechEx's comparative analysis of the 10-year total cost of ownership (TCO) between D2C cooling, 1-PIC and 2-PIC immersion across four regions reveals that over the course of 10 years, D2C on average has a 13% lower TCO than 1-PIC immersion and 9.4% lower than 2-PIC immersion, subject to the assumptions listed in the report. This report also highlights strategic collaborations and pilot projects between data center end-users, server OEMs, and immersion cooling vendors, as well as other barriers hindering the widespread adoption of immersion cooling. Market adoption (hardware units) and revenue forecasts are provided for air, cold-plate, and immersion cooling through to 2035.
 
Liquid cooling can also be classified into single-phase and two-phase cooling. Two-phase cooling generally exhibits greater effectiveness, but it also presents challenges such as regulations regarding two-phase immersion cooling fluids based on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), mechanical strength requirements for fluid containers to withstand increased pressure during phase changes, fluid loss due to vaporization, and high maintenance complexities and costs. The fundamental operating principles of single- and two-phase cooling is different where single-phase cooling relies on the dissipating the heat through convection whereas two-phase coolant primarily rely on dissipating the heat through the latent heat during the phase change. This report provides an analysis of different liquid cooling vendors, coolant fluid suppliers, and data center end-users, offering insights into the opportunities and threats associated with single-phase and two-phase direct-to-chip/cold plate and immersion cooling.
 
 
Source: Benchmarking analysis of cooling solutions for data centers. Source: IDTechEx's Thermal Management for Data Centers 2025-2035
 
IDTechEx anticipates rapid growth in the adoption of liquid cooling, driven by factors such as the increasing power capacity of data centers, the rise of hyperscale data centers, the availability of ready-to-use liquid cooling solutions, high flexibility and ability to retrofit, and the market trends driven by large players such as Nvidia. Specifically, cold plate cooling is expected to experience the largest growth due to its cost effectiveness and compatibility with existing air-cooled data centers, eliminating the need for extensive retrofitting to accommodate immersion cooling solutions.
 
In line with these projections, this report offers a detailed 10-year revenue forecast for hardware related to liquid cooling in data centers segmented AI and non-AI applications. Within non-AI applications, IDTechEx also splits the forecasts of cold plate cooling by server rack power.
 
Market Opportunities
With greater adoption of liquid cooling, new opportunities are emerging, leading to strengthened collaborations among companies involved in the data center cooling supply chain. Component suppliers such as coolant distribution units (CDUs) vendors, pump vendors, and coolant fluid suppliers are expected to benefit from the increased adoption of liquid cooling. CDUs and pumps are critical components for controlling the flow rate in liquid cooling systems. Factors such as pressure drop need to be carefully considered. This report introduces various commercial in-rack and in-row CDUs, accompanied by a comprehensive comparison of coolant fluids based on their dynamic viscosity, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, as well as required pipe length and pipe diameter. One of the emerging trends in vertical integration is seen in the data center cooling value chain, which is intricate and extensive. Although many liquid cooling solution suppliers advocate increased collaboration across the value chain, the current landscape remains fragmented, requiring extensive work from system integrations to integrate every component together into a data center. IDTechEx has identified potential opportunities for market consolidation, with server OEMs beginning to offer comprehensive rack-level cooling solutions. These solutions encompass various components, including cold plates on servers, server racks, and essential parts such as manifolds, CDUs, and QDs.
 
Key Aspects
This report delivers essential market intelligence about the data center cooling sector and the 6 associated cooling technologies covered, including air cooling, single-phase direct-to-chip cooling, two-phase direct-to-chip cooling, spray cooling, single-phase immersion, and two-phase immersion. More details include:
 
  • An in-depth review of the context and technology behind data center cooling solutions
 
  • Historical background and development of the cooling technologies and their subfields
 
  • Comprehensive overview of significant innovations and technologies within each cooling sector
 
  • Examination of current trends and themes within the data center cooling industry
 
  • Assessment of thermal design power trend and their impacts on the data center cooling value chain.
 
  • Detailed review of air cooling technology, including historical context, advancements, and its role within large-scale data center deployments and hybrid set-ups.
 
  • Examination of liquid cooling technologies such as direct-to-chip cooling, comparing single-phase and two-phase systems, and their adoption trends based on the TDP projection curve.
 
  • Analysis of advanced cooling methods like loop heat pipes, immersion cooling (single-phase and two-phase), and their impact on high-density computing environments.
 
  • Review of coolants, including comparison of types, regulations, costs, and industry standards
 
  • Evaluation of Coolant Distribution Units (CDUs) and pumps, with insights into market demand and technological evolution.
 
  • Insights into the thermal interface materials (TIMs) landscape, covering innovations and usage in high-performance computing.
 
  • Analysis of players within the data center cooling ecosystem, with detailed reviews of each player's value chain and market positions.
 
  • Historical market data for data center cooling technologies from 2022-2024.
 
  • Data center server rack analysis split by power density.
 
  • 10-year market size forecasts (2025-2035) for key cooling solutions split by component, including air cooling, direct-to-chip cooling (CDU, cold plates+hoses+pipes+fluid distribution network inside servers, manifolds, quick disconnects, and air cooling components for D2C), and immersion cooling (immersion tanks, coolant, piping/valves/monitoring, and CDUs), including forecast methodologies.
 
  • 10-year volume and market size (2025-2035) forecast by AI and non-AI applications.
 
  • 10-year market size forecast for TIMs used in data center applications (2025-2035).
Report MetricsDetails
Historic Data2022 - 2024
CAGRThe annual data center direct-to-chip cooling market will exceed US$50 billion by 2035.
Forecast Period2025 - 2035
Forecast UnitsUS$, unit
Regions CoveredWorldwide
Segments CoveredHyperscale Data Centers, Air Cooling (Fan Walls, Rear Door Heat Exchanger, Cooling Tower, and Chiller), Single-Phase and Two-Phase Direct-to-Chip/Cold Plate Cooling, Single-Phase Immersion, Two-Phase Immersion, Coolant, Heat Reuse, Coolant Distribution Units (CDUs), Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs), Data Center Cooling Value Chain Analysis, Total Cost of Ownership Analysis, Data Center Cooling Cost Analysis by Component.
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Table of Contents
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.Historic Data of TDP - GPU
1.2.TDP Trend: Historic Data and Forecast Data - CPU
1.3.Cooling Methods Overview
1.4.Different Cooling on Chip Level
1.5.Yearly Revenue Forecast By Cooling Method: 2022-2035
1.6.Summary of Yearly Revenue Forecast for Liquid Cooling: 2022-2035
1.7.Immersion Cooling Revenue Forecast: 2022 - 2035
1.8.Cooling Technology Comparison
1.9.Air Cooling
1.10.Liquid Cooling - Direct-to-Chip/Cold Plate and Immersion
1.11.Liquid Cooling - Single-Phase and Two-Phase
1.12.Yearly Cold Plate Number Forecast: 2022 - 2035
1.13.Immersion Tank Yearly Number Forecast: 2022 - 2035
1.14.Coolant Comparison
1.15.Coolant Comparison - PFAS Regulations
1.16.Coolant Distribution Units (CDU)
1.17.Heat Transfer - Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) (1)
1.18.Heat Transfer - Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) (2)
1.19.Yearly TIM Area Forecast by Data Center Component: 2021-2035
1.20.Cooling cost analysis
1.21.OPEX and TCO Estimation
1.22.Pricing of Direct-to-Chip, Immersion and Air Cooling - US$/Watt
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.Overview
2.1.1.Data Center Demographics
2.1.2.Data Center Equipment - Top Level Overview
2.1.3.Data Center Server Rack and Server Structure
2.1.4.Power Use Effectiveness
2.1.5.Data Center Switch Topology - Three Layer and Spine-Leaf Architecture
2.1.6.K-ary Fat Tree Topology
2.2.Data Center Thermal Management Overview
2.2.1.Thermal Management Needs for Data Centers
2.2.2.Significant Consequences for Data Center Downtime
2.2.3.Data Center Location Choice
2.2.4.Increasing TDP Drives More Efficient Thermal Management
2.2.5.Overview of Thermal Management Methods for Data Centers
2.2.6.Thermal Management Categorization
2.3.Thermal Design Power (TDP) Evolution
2.3.1.Historic Data of TDP - GPU
2.3.2.TDP Trend: Historic Data and Forecast Data - CPU
3.THERMAL MANAGEMENT METHODS
3.1.Introduction to Data Center Cooling Classification
3.2.Cooling Technology Comparison (1)
3.3.Cooling Technology Comparison (2)
3.4.Air Cooling
3.5.Hybrid Liquid-to-Air Cooling
3.6.Hybrid Liquid-to-Liquid Cooling
3.7.Hybrid Liquid-to-Refrigerant Cooling
3.8.Hybrid Refrigerant-to-Refrigerant Cooling
3.9.Server Board Number Forecast: 2025 - 2035
4.AIR COOLING
4.1.Overview
4.1.1.Introduction to Air Cooling (1)
4.1.2.Introduction to Air Cooling (2)
4.1.3.Benefits and Drawbacks of Air-Cooling Methods
4.1.4.Use Case: Row-Level Cooling Liebert® CRV CRD25
4.1.5.Overview: RDHx
4.1.6.Hybrid Air-to-Liquid Cooling - nVent
4.1.7.Cooling Tower - Adiabatic Cooling
4.1.8.Balance Between Water Use and Power Use - Case by Case in Practice
4.1.9.Use Case: Jaeggi - Adiabatic and Hybrid Dry Coolers
4.1.10.Trend for Air Cooling in Data Centers
4.2.Air Cooling Forecasts
4.2.1.Percentage of Air-Cooled Racks
4.2.2.TCO Comparison
4.2.3.Yearly Data Center Air Cooling Revenue Forecast: 2016-2033
5.LIQUID COOLING OVERVIEW
5.1.Liquid Cooling and Immersion Cooling
5.2.Comparison of Liquid Cooling Technologies (1)
5.3.Comparison of Liquid Cooling Technologies (2)
5.4.Liquid Cooling - Power Limitation of Different Cooling on Rack Level
5.5.Different Cooling on Chip Level
5.6.Data Center By Power
5.7.Liquid-Cooled Data Center Server Rack by Power
6.COLD PLATES
6.1.Overview
6.1.1.Cold Plate/Direct to Chip Cooling - Standalone Cold Plate
6.1.2.Liquid Cooling Cold Plates
6.1.3.Cold Plate/Direct to Chip Cooling in Server Boards
6.1.4.Benefits and Drawbacks of Cold Plate Cooling
6.1.5.Cold Plate Requirements
6.1.6.Considerations for Cold Plate Design (1)
6.1.7.Considerations for Cold Plate Design (2)
6.1.8.Thermal Cost Analysis of Cold Plate System - (1)
6.1.9.Thermal Cost Analysis of Cold Plate System - (2)
6.1.10.Liquid Cooling Technology Definitions (1)
6.1.11.Liquid Cooling Technology Definitions (2)
6.2.Single-Phase Cold Plate
6.2.1.Single-Phase Cold Plate
6.2.2.Single-Phase Cold Plate Considerations
6.2.3.IEI Integration Corp
6.2.4.Why Single-Phase Cold Plate Might Dominate
6.3.Two-Phase Cold Plate
6.3.1.Wieland Group - Two-Phase Evaporator/Cold Plate
6.3.2.Passive Cold Plate Cooling - Frigel & Neurok Thermocon
6.3.3.Examples: Direct-to-Chip Cooling
6.3.4.Tyson - Passive Two-Phase Cooling
6.3.5.Passive Loop Heat Pipes (LHP)
6.3.6.Use Case: Calyos
6.3.7.Direct Water-Cooled Server - ABB
6.4.Cold Plate Forecast
6.4.1.Yearly Number of Cold Plate for AI and Non-AI Forecast: 2022 - 2035
6.4.2.Yearly Number of Single- and Two-Phase Cold Plates: 2022 - 2035
6.4.3.Market Share Forecast of Single- and Two-Phase Cold Plate: 2022 - 2035
6.4.4.Yearly Number of Cold Plate For Non-AI Forecast: 2025 - 2035
6.4.5.Total Cost Analysis of Cold Plate (Cold plate + QD + Manifold, Hoses, etc.)
6.4.6.GPU and CPU Cold Plate System Forecast: 2025-2035
6.4.7.Cost of Cold Plate System Forecast: 2022 - 2035
6.4.8.Yearly Revenue Forecast Summary of Cold Plate: 2022 - 2035
6.4.9.Yearly Cold Plate Revenue Forecast: 2022 - 2035
6.4.10.Yearly Revenue of Cold Plate of CPU and GPU: 2025-2035
6.5.Summary of Cold Plate Cooling
6.5.1.Overview: Cold Plate
6.5.2.Cold Plate Structure
6.5.3.Benefits and Challenges of Cold Plate Cooling (1)
6.5.4.Benefits and Challenges of Cold Plate Cooling (2)
6.5.5.Limitations of Cold Plate Cooling
6.5.6.SWOT of Cold Plate/Direct-to-Chip Cooling
6.5.7.Summary of Cold Plate Cooling - Considerations
6.5.8.Thermal Cost Analysis of Cold Plate System - (1)
6.5.9.Thermal Cost Analysis of Cold Plate System - (2)
7.SPRAY COOLING
7.1.Introduction to Spray Cooling
7.2.Advanced Liquid Cooling Technologies (ALCT) - Spray Cooling
8.IMMERSION COOLING
8.1.Overview
8.1.1.Single-Phase and Two-Phase Immersion - Overview (1)
8.1.2.Single-Phase Immersion Cooling (2)
8.1.3.SWOT: Single-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.1.4.Overview: Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.1.5.SWOT: Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.2.Single-Phase
8.2.1.Use Case: Iceotope - Direct-to-Chip + Immersion
8.2.2.Use Case: LiquidCool Solutions - (1)
8.2.3.Use Case: LiquidCool Solutions - (2)
8.2.4.Use Case: Green Revolution Cooling (GRC)
8.2.5.nVent/Iceotope and LiquidCool Solutions - Limited Differentiation
8.2.6.DCX Liquid Cooling - Immersion
8.3.Two-Phase
8.3.1.Wieland - Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.3.2.Two-Phase Cooling - Phase Out Before Starting to Take Off?
8.3.3.Roadmap of Two-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.3.4.Roadmap of Single-Phase Immersion Cooling
8.3.5.Examples: Immersion
8.3.6.Use-Case: Iceotope and Meta
8.3.7.Use-Case: Microsoft
8.3.8.Use-Case: Microsoft Halted its Underwater Data Centers
8.3.9.Asperitas
8.3.10.Gigabyte
8.3.11.Summary (1) - Benefits of Immersion Cooling
8.3.12.Summary (2) - Challenges of Immersion Cooling
8.3.13.Cost Saving Comparison - Immersion and Air Cooling
8.3.14.Comparison of Liquid Cooling Methods
8.3.15.Pricing of Direct-to-Chip, Immersion and Air Cooling - US$/Watt
8.3.16.Immersion Tank Yearly Number Forecast: 2022 - 2035
8.3.17.Immersion Cooling Revenue Forecast: 2022 - 2035
9.COOLANT
9.1.Introduction to Cooling Fluid
9.2.Coolant Fluid Comparison - Operating Temperature
9.3.Trend - Decline in Fluorinated Chemicals?
9.4.Immersion Coolant Liquid Suppliers
9.5.Engineered Fluids - Why Better Than Oils
9.6.What is the Roadmap for Coolant in Two-Phase Cooling?
9.7.Honeywell R-1233zd and Chemours' Opteon SF33
9.8.Demand for Immersion Coolant Standardization - FOMs
9.9.Figures of Merit (FOM)
9.10.Force Convection FOM for Single-Phase Immersion
9.11.FOM3 - Viscosity for Pressure Drop
9.12.Density
9.13.Signal Integrity Evaluations
9.14.Global Warming Potential (GWP)
9.15.Material Compatibility Guide - Coolant and TIMs/Adhesives
9.16.Material Compatibility Guide - Seals/Gaskets/O-Rings and Coolant
9.17.Material Compatibility Guide - Plastics and Coolant
9.18.Material Compatibility Guide - Pipe & Fitting and Coolant
9.19.Material Compatibility Guide - Metal and Coolant
9.20.Yearly Coolant Volume for Immersion: 2022-2035
10.PARTNERSHIPS
10.1.Data Center Cooling Value Chain
10.2.Cooling Solution Partner
10.3.Intel and Submer - Heat Reuse and Immersion Cooling
10.4.Iceotope, Intel and HPE
10.5.Iceotope, Schneider Electric, and Avnet - Liquid Cooled Data Center
10.6.GRC and Intel
10.7.GRC and Dell - Edge Deployment
10.8.Iceotope and Meta
10.9.Development of New Immersion Coolant - ElectroSafe
10.10.Partnership - how does the value chain look like?
10.11.Roadmap of Liquid Cooling Adoption
10.12.Data Center Cooling Solution - Roadmap
11.TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP ANALYSIS
11.1.Cooling cost analysis
11.2.OPEX and TCO Estimation
11.3.TCO Comparison - Payback Time
11.4.Pricing of Direct-to-Chip, Immersion and Air Cooling - US$/Watt
11.5.TCO Analysis of D2C with Chiller
11.6.TCO Analysis of 1-PIC with Chiller
11.7.TCO Analysis - 10 Year
11.8.Cooling System Cost - Direct to Chip Cooling Hardware
11.9.Immersion Cooling Cost - Componentry and Facility Level
11.10.Cooling System Cost - CDUs Hardware
11.11.Cost - Fluids
11.12.Cooling System Cost - Thermal Interface Materials
12.COOLANT DISTRIBUTION UNITS (CDUS)
12.1.Overview
12.1.1.Overview - (1)
12.1.2.Overview - (2)
12.1.3.Redundancy - (1)
12.1.4.Redundancy - (2)
12.1.5.Liquid-to-Liquid (also known as L2L) CDUs
12.1.6.Liquid-to-Air CDUs
12.1.7.Summary of Liquid-to-Liquid and Liquid-to-Air Cooling
12.1.8.Vertiv - Liebert® XDU 60 Heat Exchanger and CDU - (1)
12.1.9.Vertiv - Liebert® XDU Heat Exchanger and CDU - (2)
12.1.10.CDU - nVent
12.1.11.CDU - CoolIT - Teardown (1)
12.1.12.CDU - CoolIT - Teardown (2)
12.1.13.CDU - CoolIT - Teardown (3)
12.1.14.CDU Teardown - Motivair
12.1.15.CDU - Cooling Capacity Evaluation
12.1.16.Revenue Forecast of CDU: 2022 - 2035
12.2.Main Pump
12.2.1.Overview
12.2.2.Redundancy Analysis
12.3.Filtering
12.3.1.Overview
12.3.2.Filters - Schematic Drawing
12.3.3.Filters
12.4.Sensors
12.4.1.Overview of Sensors
12.4.2.Leakage Detection Sensors - Overview
12.4.3.Leakage Detection Sensors on Server Nodes (1)
12.4.4.Leakage Detection Sensors on Server Nodes (2)
12.5.Heat Reuse
12.5.1.Overview of the Heat Reuse in Data Center Cooling
12.5.2.Use Case: Amazon Data Center Heat Reuse
12.5.3.Facebook (Now Meta) Data Center Heat Reuse
12.5.4.Tencent - Tianjin Data Center Heat For Municipal Heating
12.5.5.Return on Investment of Heat Reuse
12.5.6.More Examples of Heat Reuse
13.HEAT TRANSFER - THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS (TIMS)
13.1.Thermal Interface Materials in Data Centers
13.2.Common Types of TIMs in Data Centers - Line Card Level
13.3.TIMs in Data Centers - Line Card Level - Transceivers
13.4.TIMs in Server Boards
13.5.Server Board Layout
13.6.TIMs for Data Center - Server Boards, Switches and Routers
13.7.Data Center Switch Players
13.8.How TIMs are Used in Data Center Switches - FS N8560-32C 32x 100GbE Switch
13.9.WS-SUP720 Supervisor 720 Module
13.10.Ubiquiti UniFi USW-Leaf Switch
13.11.FS S5850-48S6Q 48x 10GbE and 6x 40GbE Switch
13.12.Cisco Nexus 7700 Supervisor 2E module
13.13.TIMs for Power Supply Converters (1): AC-DC and DC-DC
13.14.Data Center Power Supply System
13.15.TIMs for Data Center Power Supplies (2)
13.16.TIMs for Data Center Power Supplies (3)
13.17.TIMs in Data Center Power Supplies (4)
13.18.How TIMs are Used in Data Center Power Supplies (5)
13.19.How TIMs are Used in data center power supply (6)
13.20.TIMs for Data Centers - Power Supply Converters
13.21.Differences Between TIM Forms - (1)
13.22.Differences Between TIM Forms - (2)
13.23.Novel material - Laminar Metal Form with High Softness (1)
13.24.Novel material - Laminar Metal Form with High Softness (2)
13.25.TIM Trends in Data Centers
13.26.Estimating the TIM Areas in Server Boards
13.27.Servers Number Forecast: 2021-2035
13.28.TIM Requirement in Immersion Cooling
13.29.Common TIMs for Immersion Cooling
13.30.Total TIM Area in Server Boards Forecast (m2): 2022-2035
13.31.Area of TIM per Switch
13.32.TIM Area for Leaf and Spine Switch
13.33.Yearly TIM Area for Leaf and Spine Switch Forecast: 2025-2035
13.34.TIM Consumption in Data Center Power Supplies
13.35.Yearly TIM Area for Power Supply Forecast (m2): 2025-2035
13.36.Forecast summary - Yearly TIM Area (m2) Forecast for Different Data Center Components: 2025-2035
14.FORECAST SUMMARY
14.1.Yearly Revenue Forecast By Cooling Method: 2022-2035
14.2.Summary of Yearly Revenue Forecast for Liquid Cooling: 2022-2035
14.3.Summary of Yearly Volume Forecast for Liquid Cooling: 2022-2035
14.4.Yearly Revenue Forecast Summary of Cold Plate: 2022 - 2035
15.COMPANY PROFILES
15.1.Accelsius — Two-Phase Direct-to-Chip Cooling
15.2.Amazon AWS Data Center
15.3.Arieca (2024)
15.4.Arieca (2020)
15.5.Asperitas Immersed Computing
15.6.Calyos: Data Center Applications
15.7.Engineered Fluids
15.8.Green Revolution Cooling (GRC)
15.9.Henkel: microTIM and data centers
15.10.LiquidCool Solutions — Chassis-Based Immersion Cooling
15.11.LiSAT
15.12.Nano-Join
15.13.NeoFan
15.14.Neurok Thermocon Inc
15.15.Parker Lord: Dispensable Gap Fillers
15.16.Resonac Holdings
15.17.Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd
15.18.Taybo (Shanghai) Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
15.19.Tyson
15.20.Vertiv Holdings - Data Center Liquid Cooling
15.21.ZutaCore
 

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幻灯片 294
Companies 21
预测 2035
已发表 Sep 2024
ISBN 9781835700648
 

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