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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | The race is on. Why? |
1.3. | Primary conclusions: general |
1.4. | Primary conclusions: long-range technology options |
1.5. | Routes to more energy/ longer range by harvesting external energy |
1.6. | Routes to more energy/ longer range by zero-emission range extenders |
1.7. | Routes to more energy/ longer range by new components |
1.8. | Routes to more energy/ longer range by vehicle design and materials |
1.9. | Market forecasts and technology timelines for long range BEVs 2021-2041 |
1.9.1. | New range-extending technology options widely adopted 2021-2041 |
1.9.2. | When several manufacturers mass produce EPA/WLTP long range BEV cars 2021-2041 |
1.9.3. | Commercialisation timeline for edit-able electronics 2020-2041 |
1.9.4. | Application roadmap of perovskite photovoltaics |
1.10. | Market forecast for long range premium BEV cars including Tesla |
1.10.1. | Number of long range units sold globally by year as % of all cars 500 mile and 1000 mile range 2021-2041 |
1.10.2. | Global photovoltaic technology share $bn 2041 for all markets including cars |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Perpetual cars |
2.2. | Coping with the red-hot city donut |
2.3. | Major geopolitical implications |
2.4. | Global differences |
2.5. | No - not fuel cells |
2.6. | Trend to larger more power-hungry cars |
2.7. | Progress now |
2.8. | Complexity reduced |
2.9. | Increased range means limit the increase in parts |
2.10. | Iterative improvement |
2.11. | Solar is very powerful |
2.12. | Solar car patents |
2.13. | New battery materials increase range |
3. | TESLA HOLISTIC APPROACH |
3.1. | Overview |
3.2. | Tesla holistic approach |
3.3. | Tesla structural battery and next chemistries and processes |
3.4. | Tailored battery chemistries |
3.5. | Tesla Model 3 and Y greatly simplified by large diecasting |
3.6. | Tesla autonomy simplification - no radar or lidar |
3.7. | Tesla motor designs - performance with range |
4. | SIMPLIFICATION, EFFICIENCY, LIGHTWEIGHTING TO INCREASE RANGE |
4.1. | Overview |
4.2. | Improving and integrating motors to increase range |
4.2.1. | eAxles integrate many components |
4.2.2. | Controls integrated with motors |
4.2.3. | In-wheel motor systems replace many parts |
4.2.4. | Less motor cooling increases range |
4.2.5. | Voltage increase improves range |
4.3. | Thermal management can increase range |
4.4. | Merging aircon compressor and motor |
4.5. | Power cable weight reduction: Aluminium graphene, high voltage, intentions, issues |
4.6. | Metamaterials and metal patterning for simplification and lightweighting |
4.7. | Multifunctional composites |
4.8. | Structural electronics |
4.9. | Routes to self-healing composite parts |
4.10. | 3D electronics, electrics, optics, magnetics |
4.10.1. | 3D printing, In-Mold Structural Electronics™ |
4.10.2. | Edit-able electronic and electric smart materials |
4.11. | Transparent electronics and electrics |
4.11.1. | Overview |
4.11.2. | How transparent and translucent materials in cars increase range and more |
4.11.3. | RadarGlass™ |
4.11.4. | SmartMesh™ transparent heater wrap increasing range 6% |
4.11.5. | Conclusions |
4.12. | Structural batteries and supercapacitors |
5. | SOLAR CARS WITH INCREASED RANGE |
5.1. | Basics |
5.1.1. | Definitions and history |
5.1.2. | Amount of range increase by solar car bodywork |
5.1.3. | Benchmarking |
5.2. | Tesla solar Cybertruck and alternatives |
5.3. | Mainstream solar cars and car-like vehicles |
5.3.1. | Aptera solar car |
5.3.2. | Economia Pakistan |
5.3.3. | Fisker USA |
5.3.4. | Fraunhofer ISE Germany |
5.3.5. | Hyundai-Kia Korea |
5.3.6. | Karma USA no longer |
5.3.7. | Lightyear Netherlands |
5.3.8. | Manipal IT India |
5.3.9. | Sono Motors Germany |
5.3.10. | Toyota Japan |
5.3.11. | Stella Lux, Stella Era, Stella Vie Netherlands |
5.4. | Conclusions |
6. | PHOTOVOLTAIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES |
6.1. | New geometry can greatly increase range |
6.2. | Choice of chemistry |
6.3. | Cell geometries of transparent photovoltaics |
6.4. | Efficiency and affordability |
6.5. | What is fitted on satellites appears on cars later |
6.6. | Single junction PV options beyond silicon |
6.7. | scSi PV on vehicles |
6.8. | CIGS PV on vehicles |
6.9. | Solar racers show the future - triple junction lll-V, solar on sides |
6.10. | GaAs PV on vehicles |
6.11. | Leading solar car specifications: Sono, Lightyear and research by Toyota |
6.12. | Potential for multi-junction solar on cars |
6.13. | Photovoltaics progresses to become paint |
6.14. | Materials problems and opportunities being pursued |
6.14.1. | Overview |
6.14.2. | CIGS |
6.14.3. | Perovskite photovoltaics overlayers and transparent film |
6.14.4. | lll-V materials |
6.14.5. | Metamaterial boosts photovoltaic cooling and capture increasing range |
6.14.6. | Examples of EIEV technologies in cars |
7. | BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS IMPROVING RANGE |
7.1. | New geometry can greatly increase range |
7.2. | Battery cell improvement roadmap |
7.3. | Potential disruptors to Li-ion |
7.4. | Academic figures on energy density improvement |
7.5. | Increasing BEV battery cell energy density |
7.6. | Increasing EV battery cell specific energy |
7.7. | Extrapolating improvements to energy density and specific energy |
7.8. | Improvements to cell energy density and specific energy |
7.9. | Prototype and targeted improvements to cell energy density and specific energy |
7.10. | Commentary on improving cell energy densities |
7.11. | Example: Harvard University claim breakthrough in 2021 |
7.12. | IDTechEx calculations |
7.13. | IDTechEx energy density calculations - by cathode |
7.14. | Energy density improvements from silicon |
7.15. | Next generation cathodes |
7.16. | Cell design to increase energy densities |
7.17. | How high can you go with 'conventional' electrodes? |
7.18. | How high can you go with next gen materials? |
7.19. | Discussion of outlook for Li-ion energy density improvement |
7.20. | Timeline and outlook for Li-ion energy densities |
7.21. | Many claimed advances - Samsung and KIST examples |
7.22. | Concluding remarks |
8. | IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT ON RANGE |
8.1. | Range Calculations |
8.2. | Impact of Ambient Temperature and Climate Control |
8.3. | Impact of Ambient Temperature and Climate Control |
8.4. | Model Comparison with Ambient Temperature |
8.5. | Model Comparison with Climate Control |
8.6. | Summary |
8.7. | Holistic Vehicle Thermal Management |
8.8. | Technology Timeline |
8.9. | PTC vs Heat Pump |
8.10. | Recent EVs with Heat Pumps |
8.11. | Heat Pumps for BEVs Forecast |
8.12. | Further Innovations |
8.13. | Advantages of Sophisticated Thermal Management |
8.14. | Thermal Management Advanced Control: Key Players and Technologies |
9. | 20 COMPANY PROFILES WITH SWOT ANALYSIS |
9.1. | Applied Electric Vehicles Australia |
9.2. | Dezhou China |
9.3. | Evovelo Spain |
9.4. | Estrema Italy |
9.5. | I-FEVS Italy |
9.6. | Jiangte Joylong Automobile China |
9.7. | Lightyear Netherlands |
9.8. | LimCar ElettraCity-2 Italy |
9.9. | Mahle Germany |
9.10. | Midsummer Sweden |
9.11. | Nidec Japan |
9.12. | Nio China |
9.13. | Schaeffler Germany |
9.14. | Sono Motors Germany |
9.15. | Squad Mobility Netherlands |
9.16. | Sunnyclist Greece |
9.17. | Swift Solar USA |
9.18. | Teijin Japan |
9.19. | Visedo Finland |
9.20. | Zoop Turkey |
슬라이드 | 300 |
---|---|
전망 | 2041 |
ISBN | 9781913899509 |