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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | Overview - Market Forecasts 2015-2025 |
| 1.1. | Ten year market forecast for conductive inks and paste across different market segments |
| 1.1. | Ten year forecast market data for conductive inks and paste across different market segments (USD millions) |
| 1.2. | Ten year forecast market data for conductive inks and paste across different market segments (tonnes) |
| 1.2. | Ten year volume forecast for conductive inks and paste across different market segments |
| 1.2. | Technologies |
| 1.3. | Markets |
| 1.3. | Ten year volume forecast for silver flake/powder conductive paste across different market segments |
| 1.3. | Companies developing alternatives to silver conductive inks and paste |
| 1.3.1. | Photovoltaic Market |
| 1.3.2. | Touch Screen Market |
| 1.3.3. | Other Markets- Membrane switches, silver through hole, PCB, nano antennas |
| 1.4. | Players |
| 1.4. | Categorizing 80 companies commercialising conductive inks and paste by technology and territory |
| 1.4. | Ten year market forecast for silver flake/powder conductive paste across different market segments |
| 1.5. | Business landscape for silver flake/powder conductive paste |
| 1.6. | Ten year volume forecast for silver nano conductive inks across different market segments |
| 1.7. | Ten year market forecast for silver nano conductive inks across different market segments |
| 1.8. | Business landscape for silver flake/powder conductive paste |
| 1.9. | Historical silver price |
| 1.10. | Ten year forecast for number of wafers in the c-Si PV industry |
| 1.11. | Ten year forecast for installed capacity of solar cells globally |
| 1.12. | Ten year market forecast for conductive pastes/inks in the a-Si and c-Si PV industries |
| 1.13. | Ten year volume forecast for conductive pastes/inks in the c-Si PV industry |
| 1.14. | Ten year forecast for number of touch devices sold globally |
| 1.15. | Ten year forecast for mobile phone and smart phone sales |
| 1.16. | Sales of standard and touch notebooks as a function of year between 2015 and 2025* |
| 1.17. | Tablets sales as a function of year between 2015 and 2025 |
| 1.18. | Sales of standard and touch monitors as a function of year between 2015 and 2025* |
| 1.19. | A typical configuration for touch screens |
| 1.20. | Ten year forecast for conductive paste in touch screen markets |
| 1.21. | Ten year volume forecast for conductive paste in touch screen markets |
| 1.22. | Membrane switch applications |
| 1.23. | Printed circuit boards |
| 2. | PRINTABLE CONDUCTIVE INKS- A SURVEY |
| 2.1. | Silver flake/powders |
| 2.1. | Process flow for producing silver flake/powder conductive paste |
| 2.1. | Merits of silver flake/powder inks |
| 2.1.1. | Conductivity |
| 2.1.2. | Printing Technique |
| 2.1.3. | Cost |
| 2.1.4. | Target Markets |
| 2.1.5. | Summary (SWOT) |
| 2.1.6. | Players |
| 2.2. | Nanoparticle Silver Ink |
| 2.2. | The table below lists the key players supplying various types of silver flake/powder paste (firing and low-T types). |
| 2.2. | General trends in silver flake/powder inks |
| 2.2.1. | High Conductivity |
| 2.2.2. | Reduced Sintering Temperature |
| 2.2.3. | Enhanced Flexibility |
| 2.2.4. | Inkjet Printability |
| 2.2.5. | Improved Surface Smoothness |
| 2.2.6. | Material Savings |
| 2.2.7. | Cost |
| 2.2.8. | Price Parity |
| 2.2.9. | Production Methods |
| 2.2.10. | Target Markets |
| 2.2.11. | Summary (SWOT) |
| 2.2.12. | Players |
| 2.3. | Silver Nanowires |
| 2.3. | Silver flake/powder ink prices from 1975 |
| 2.3. | Volume resistivity and annealing temperature of nanoparticle silver inks offered by various suppliers |
| 2.3.1. | Transparency |
| 2.3.2. | Flexibility |
| 2.3.3. | Conductivity |
| 2.3.4. | Fabrication and Printability |
| 2.3.5. | Target Markets |
| 2.3.6. | Summary (SWOT) |
| 2.4. | Players |
| 2.4. | Company offering ink-jet printable conductive inks |
| 2.4. | Target markets for silver flake/powder pastes (both fired and low temperature). Target markets are categorised by volume and growth rate. |
| 2.5. | Categorising silver nanoparticle companies by size and commercialization stage. Major companies absent from this chart include gigasolar and Samsung chiel |
| 2.5. | Parameters of each production method |
| 2.5. | Silver Ion Inks |
| 2.6. | Copper Nanoparticles and Pastes |
| 2.6. | Main processing categories of nanoparticles |
| 2.6. | Examples of printed and sintered silver nanoparticle inks |
| 2.6.1. | Variety |
| 2.6.2. | Annealing Methods |
| 2.6.3. | Target Markets |
| 2.6.4. | Summary (SWOT) |
| 2.6.5. | Players |
| 2.7. | Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Ink |
| 2.7. | Melting temperature as a function of gold particle size |
| 2.7. | Processing category by parameter |
| 2.8. | Merits of silver nanoparticle inks |
| 2.8. | Nanoparticles can fill in the gaps to reduce resistivity |
| 2.8. | Silver-Coated Copper Inks and Pastes |
| 2.8.1. | PDOT:PSS |
| 2.8.2. | SWOT Analyses |
| 2.8.3. | Players |
| 2.9. | Graphene |
| 2.9. | Improving surface smoothness |
| 2.9. | Comprehensive table comparing printing method, annealing temperature, price, resistivity, and solvent of silver nanoparticle inks offered by key players |
| 2.9.1. | Graphene Inks |
| 2.9.2. | SWOT Aanalyses |
| 2.9.3. | Players |
| 2.10. | Merits of silver nanowires |
| 2.10. | Nanoparticle silver prices $ per kg. It is noted that there is a scatter in prices as companies offer inks ranging from 100 to 1.5/2 $/g by solid content. We think that 4.5-5 $/g is close to the market average today at reasonable |
| 2.11. | Categorising target markets on the basis of growth rate and volume* |
| 2.11. | Key companies working on silver nanowires |
| 2.12. | Results from thermal cycle or aging test |
| 2.12. | Categorising silver nanoparticle companies by size and commercialization stage |
| 2.13. | Examples of nanowire networks |
| 2.13. | Merits of copper nanoparticle inks |
| 2.14. | Companies developing copper pastes |
| 2.14. | Silver nanowires as transparent conductors |
| 2.15. | Flexibility of silver nanowires |
| 2.15. | SWOT analysis of PEDOTPSS and similar organic transparent conducting materials |
| 2.16. | Companies developing PEDOT and other similar organic transparent conductive materials/films |
| 2.16. | Conductivity depends on the concentration of silver nanowires |
| 2.17. | Categorising target markets on the basis of growth rate and volume* |
| 2.17. | Merits of graphene |
| 2.18. | Graphene companies that offer printable inks today |
| 2.18. | Silver ion ink |
| 2.19. | Comparing the surface finish between a ion-silver ink (left) and a conventional ink (right). |
| 2.20. | Anti-reflectors used in plasma displays |
| 2.21. | Raw copper prices as a function of year |
| 2.22. | Copper nanoparticles |
| 2.23. | Weight loss as a function of temperature |
| 2.24. | Apparatus use for annealing printed Cu inks and paste using the super-steam approach |
| 2.25. | The growth process of crystalline Cu islands (large flakes) in the presence of reactive gas and heat |
| 2.26. | Comparing a photolithographic and printing process used to create a pattern on a printed circuit board |
| 2.27. | Categorising target markets on the basis of growth rate and volume |
| 2.28. | Novacentrix RFID antennas |
| 2.29. | Silver-coated copper particles/flakes |
| 2.30. | Chemical structure of PDOT:PSS |
| 2.31. | Schematic picture of a dispersed gel particle |
| 2.32. | A process flow for patterning PDOT:PSS using photolithography and CELVIOSTM etchant |
| 2.33. | A process flow for patterning PDOT:PSS using gravure (or screen) printing and CELVIOSTM etchant |
| 2.34. | Comparing the performance of ITO on foil (similar to ITO on PET) with PEDOT:PSS in 2002 |
| 2.35. | Optical transmission (%) as a function of wavelength for different grades of PDOT:PSS on glass |
| 2.36. | Improvements in performance of PDOT:PSS |
| 2.37. | Improvement in conductivity for PDOT:PSS has a function of year |
| 2.38. | Optical transmission as a function of sheet resistance for PDOT:PSS/PET films (here referred to as Baytron) compared with common ITO-on-PET films on the market |
| 2.39. | Optical transmission (%) of PDOT/PET and PET as a function of wavelength (screen printed PDOT) |
| 2.40. | Relative changes in sheet resistance as a function of number of bending cycles (bending radius 8mm) for ITO/PET and PDOT:PSS/PET films |
| 2.41. | Changes in sheet resistance as a function of radius of curvature for ITO/PET and PEDOT:PSS/PET films |
| 2.42. | Sheet resistance as a function distance from fixed point in PDOT:PSS films |
| 2.43. | Silver nanowires, metal mesh ad PDOT |
| 2.44. | Change in sheet resistance as a function of exposure time to effective sunlight |
| 2.45. | Trade-offs involved in choosing a graphene production technique |
| 2.46. | Companies having moved or moving up the value chain to offer graphene intermediary products such as inks |
| 2.47. | Examples of RFID and smart packing prototypes and applications by Vorbeck |
| 2.48. | Categorising graphene companies on the basis of their manufacturing technology |
| 3. | CONDUCTIVE INKS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS |
| 3.1. | The Big Picture |
| 3.1. | Average selling price for PV modules |
| 3.1. | Bankruptcies, closures, acquisitions, sales and/or restructuring |
| 3.2. | Key characteristics of different PV technologies |
| 3.2. | IDTechEx forecast of the a-Si and c-Si PV market between 2014 and 2024 |
| 3.2. | Many Different Photovoltaic Technologies |
| 3.3. | Big Numbers are involved |
| 3.3. | Number of 6 inch c-Si PV wafers installed per year 2014-2024 |
| 3.3. | A range of different materials can be used as conductors |
| 3.4. | Typical crystalline silicon PV structure |
| 3.4. | Crystalline Silicon |
| 3.5. | Printed Conductive Tracks |
| 3.5. | Crystalline silicon 'bus bars' grid pattern |
| 3.6. | The ink is spread over the squeegee and pushed through the screen printing mesh |
| 3.6. | Material Set |
| 3.7. | Market Shares for Conductive Inks |
| 3.7. | The schematic process flow for printing conductive tracks on PVs |
| 3.8. | Predicted trend for minimum as-cut wafer thickness in mass production of solar cells and minimum cell thickness in module |
| 3.8. | Market Value |
| 3.9. | Green, yellow and red represent known, developing and unknown technologies, respectively |
| 3.10. | Technology share in PV metallisation sector |
| 3.11. | Market value for different silver ink and paste types used in the PV sector. The market for silver flake/powder paste shrinks thanks to lower consumption per wafer and also loss of market share to plating and other methods |
| 3.12. | The metric volume amount of different inks/pastes used in c-Si and a-Si technologies in tonnes 2014-2024 |
| 4. | TOUCH SCREEN |
| 4.1. | The Big Picture |
| 4.1. | A typical configuration for touch screens. Here, the edge electrodes are clearly visible. |
| 4.2. | Ten year forecast for mobile phone and smart phone sales |
| 4.2. | The Market Value |
| 4.3. | Sales of standard and touch notebooks as a function of year between 2015 and 2025* |
| 4.4. | Tablets sales as a function of year between 2015 and 2025 |
| 4.5. | Sales of standard and touch monitors as a function of year between 2015 and 2025* |
| 4.6. | Market share by technology type 2014-2024 |
| 4.7. | Conductive paste market share by technology in the touch sector between 2014 and 2024 |
| 4.8. | Ten-year market forecast for conductive pastes into the touch sector (bezel) segmented by application |
| 4.9. | Ten-year market forecast for conductive pastes into the touch sector (bezel) segmented by technology |
| 5. | ITO REPLACEMENT |
| 5.1. | Market Value |
| 5.1. | Benchmarking different ITO alternative solutions on the basis of sheet resistance, colour, transmission, flexibility, ease of customisation, stability, cost, etc. |
| 5.2. | Ten-year market forecast for use of silver nanowires and silver nanoparticles, at material level, as an ITO alternative |
| 6. | CONDUCTIVE INKS IN RFID |
| 6.1. | The Big Picture |
| 6.1. | Inductive and electric antenna |
| 6.1. | Key characteristics of RFID devices |
| 6.2. | Key attributes of various materials |
| 6.2. | Examples of HF antennas |
| 6.2. | Material Options and Market Shares |
| 6.3. | Market Value |
| 6.3. | Examples of UHF antennas |
| 6.4. | The approximate cost breakdown of different components in a typical UHF RFID tag |
| 6.5. | IDTechEx projections of the growth in the number of RFID tags |
| 6.6. | The market for RFID tags (passive and active) in unit numbers from 2014 to 2020 |
| 6.7. | Material costs for making the antenna (excludes processing and substrate costs) |
| 6.8. | Market share in the RFID antenna sector by ink/paste technology |
| 6.9. | Demand for conductive inks and pastes in tonnes in the RFID antenna market |
| 6.10. | Ten year market forecast for supplying ink/paste into the RFID antenna market segmented by technology |
| 7. | CONDUCTIVE INKS IN VEHICLES |
| 7.1. | The Big Picture |
| 7.1. | Application of conductive inks in vehicles |
| 7.1. | Application of conductive inks in vehicles |
| 7.2. | Market uptake in the medium term |
| 7.2. | Volume demand in tonnes as a function of year for internal and external automotive applications |
| 7.2. | Material Set and Market Share |
| 7.3. | Market |
| 7.3. | Market share between different conductive ink/paste technologies in the automotive sector |
| 7.4. | Volume demand in tonnes as a function of year for internal and external automotive applications segmented by technology |
| 7.5. | Ten year market forecast for conductive inks/paste in the automotive sector segmented by technology |
| 8. | CONDUCTIVE INKS IN SMART PACKAGING AND BRAND ENHANCEMENT |
| 8.1. | The Big Picture |
| 8.1. | Conductive inks in smart and electronic packaging |
| 8.1. | Attributes of the available technologies |
| 8.2. | Market share forecasts |
| 8.2. | Market Value |
| 9. | SENSORS |
| 9.1. | Electrochemical blood glucose strips |
| 9.2. | Ten year forecasts for printed and non-printed glucose test strips |
| 9.3. | Ten year forecasts for volume demand and market value for conductive inks/pastes in glucose sensors |
| 10. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 10.1. | Advanced Nano Products |
| 10.1. | Properties of the low-melting-point alloy before and after melting (structure and conductivity) |
| 10.1. | Screen Printable Silver Paste |
| 10.2. | Other Silver Pastes |
| 10.2. | Electron microscope images of the Napra-developed copper paste (left) and of commercially available resin silver paste (right) |
| 10.2. | AIST and NAPRA |
| 10.3. | Amogreentech |
| 10.3. | Resistivity of silver and copper pastes (Commercially available copper pastes: A, B, and C; Napra-developed copper paste: D; and commercially available silver paste: E) |
| 10.3. | Inkjet Printable Inks |
| 10.4. | Applied Nanotech products |
| 10.4. | Resistivity vs. cure temperature for glass-coated silver nanoparticles |
| 10.4. | Applied Nanotech Inc. |
| 10.5. | Asahi Glass Corporation |
| 10.5. | The annealing process and equipment used for Hitachi Chemical's inks and pastes |
| 10.5. | Ferro's metal products |
| 10.6. | Outline of Noritake product list |
| 10.6. | Performance of Hitachi Chemical's inks compared to printed circuit board solutions |
| 10.6. | Asahi Kasei |
| 10.7. | Cabot |
| 10.7. | The Pulse Forge principle |
| 10.7. | Silver and carbon pastes offered by Toyobo |
| 10.8. | Performance of Hitachi Chemical's inks compared to printed circuit board solutions |
| 10.8. | Copper pastes developed by Toyobo |
| 10.8. | Chang Sung Corporation |
| 10.9. | Cima Nanotech |
| 10.9. | Flexographic formulation of Vor-Ink from Vorbeck |
| 10.10. | Packaging Natralock® with Siren™ Technology |
| 10.10. | Ferro |
| 10.11. | Giga Solar Materials Corp |
| 10.12. | Harima |
| 10.13. | Hitachi Chemical |
| 10.14. | Kishu Giken Kogyo Co.,Ltd. |
| 10.15. | Liquid X Printed Metals, Inc. |
| 10.16. | Indium Corporation |
| 10.17. | NanoMas Technologies |
| 10.18. | Noritake |
| 10.19. | Novacentrix |
| 10.20. | Novacentrix PulseForge |
| 10.21. | Samsung (former Cheil Industries) |
| 10.22. | Taiyo |
| 10.23. | Toyobo |
| 10.24. | Vorbeck |
| 11. | COMPANY INTERVIEWS |
| 11.1. | Agfa Materials |
| 11.2. | AgIC |
| 11.3. | Anderlab Technologies |
| 11.4. | Angstron Materials |
| 11.5. | Applied Graphene Materials |
| 11.6. | Applied Materials Baccini |
| 11.7. | Arkema |
| 11.8. | Bando Chemical |
| 11.9. | Bayer Material Science AG |
| 11.10. | Blue Nano |
| 11.11. | Cambrios Technology |
| 11.12. | Cartesian Co |
| 11.13. | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH |
| 11.14. | Colloidal Ink |
| 11.15. | Conductive Compounds |
| 11.16. | Creative Materials |
| 11.17. | Daicel Corporation |
| 11.18. | DuPont Microcircuit Materials |
| 11.19. | DZP Technologies |
| 11.20. | ElectronInks Writeables |
| 11.21. | Fujikura Kasei |
| 11.22. | Genes' Ink |
| 11.23. | Grafen Chemical Industries |
| 11.24. | Graphenano |
| 11.25. | Graphene Technologies |
| 11.26. | GSI Technologies |
| 11.27. | Henkel |
| 11.28. | Heraeus |
| 11.29. | Hicel Co Ltd |
| 11.30. | Incubation Alliance |
| 11.31. | Inkron |
| 11.32. | InkTec |
| 11.33. | Intrinsiq Materials |
| 11.34. | KunShan Hisense Electronics |
| 11.35. | Methode Electronics |
| 11.36. | nanoComposix |
| 11.37. | Nanocyl |
| 11.38. | Nano Dimension |
| 11.39. | Nanogap |
| 11.40. | NanoIntegris |
| 11.41. | Nascent Objects, Inc |
| 11.42. | PChem Associates |
| 11.43. | Perpetuus Carbon Technologies Limited |
| 11.44. | Poly-Ink |
| 11.45. | Promethean Particles |
| 11.46. | Pulse Electronics |
| 11.47. | PV Nano Cell |
| 11.48. | Showa Denko |
| 11.49. | SouthWest NanoTechnologies |
| 11.50. | Sun Chemical |
| 11.51. | Thomas Swan |
| 11.52. | T-Ink |
| 11.53. | Toda Kogyo Corp |
| 11.54. | Tokusen USA Inc |
| 11.55. | Ulvac |
| 11.56. | UT Dots |
| 11.57. | Vorbeck Materials |
| 11.58. | Xerox Research Centre of Canada |
| 11.59. | XG Sciences |
| 11.60. | Xiamen Knano Graphene Technology Co.,Ltd |
| 11.61. | Xolve |
| 11.62. | Xymox |
| 12. | GLOSSARY |
| IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
| Pages | 299 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 38 |
| Figures | 214 |
| 전망 | 2025 |