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Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors: Supercapacitors 2013-2023
Ultracapacitors, EDLC, electrochemical capacitors, supercabatteries, AEDLC for electronics and electrical engineering
Updated in January 2014
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This broad-ranging report on supercapacitors and supercabatteries has up to date ten year forecasts and analysis of market, applications, technology, patent and profit trends and the manufacturers and researchers involved.
55% of the manufacturers and intending manufacturers of supercapacitors/supercabatteries (EDLC, AEDLC) are in East Asia, 28% are in North America but Europe is fast asleep at only 7%. Yet, being used for an increasing number of purposes in electric vehicles, mobile phones, energy harvesting, renewable energy and other products of the future, this market is roaring up to over $11 billion in ten years with considerable upside potential.
This report concerns Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs). For brevity, we mainly use the second most popular word for them - supercapacitors. The third most popular term for them - ultracapacitors - is often used in heavy electrical applications. Included in the discussion and forecasts are so-called Asymmetric Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (AEDLCs) better known as supercabatteries.
The report also features patent trends of supercapacitor technologies. This data is taken from a report covering more details about the patent landscape for batteries; for full details of that report please go to www.IDTechEx.com/patent.
Supercapacitors are a curiously neglected aspect of electronics and electrical engineering with a multi-billion dollar market rapidly emerging. For example, for land, water and airborne electric vehicles, there are about 200 serious traction motor manufacturers and 110 serious traction battery suppliers compared to just a few supercapacitor manufacturers. In all, there are no more than 66 significant supercapacitor manufacturers with most concentrating on the easier small ones for consumer electronics such as power backup. However, in a repetition of the situation with rechargeable batteries, the largest part of the market has just become the heavy end, notably for electric and conventional vehicles.
Supercapacitors and supercabatteries mainly have properties intermediate between those of batteries and traditional capacitors but they are being improved more rapidly than either. That includes improvement in cost and results in them not just being used to enhance batteries but even replacing batteries and capacitors in an increasing number of applications from renewable energy down to microscopic electronics. For example, your mobile phone may have better sound and flash that works at ten times the distance because a supercapacitor has taken over these functions from conventional capacitors.
Global supercapacitor market $US billion % when used for electronics vs electrical engineering
Source: IDTechEx
Supercapacitors are replacing batteries where such properties as excellent low temperature performance, calendar and cycle life, fast charge-discharge and reliability are more dominant issues than size and weight. Examples of this include power backup opening bus doors in an emergency, working hybrid car brakes when power goes down and keeping electronic circuits running. Conventional trucks are having one to three of their lead acid batteries replaced with drop-in supercapacitor alternatives that guarantee starting in very cold weather, when lead acid batteries are very poor performers. The difference is dramatic- about 5% energy loss occurs at minus 25 degrees centigrade, compared to a battery's energy loss of more than 50%. Some pure electric buses even run on supercapacitors alone recharging through the road every five kilometres or so. Use of supercapacitors to protect batteries against fast charge and discharge and from deep discharge means smaller batteries are needed and they last longer, depressing battery demand and increasing supercapacitor demand.
The bottom line is that almost everywhere you see next generation electronic and power technology you see supercapacitors and supercabatteries being fitted or planned because of superior performance, cost-over-life and fit-and-forget.
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| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| 1.1. | A huge opportunity but a relatively neglected sector |
| 1.1. | 66 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of supercapacitors/ supercabatteries % by continent |
| 1.1. | Supercapacitor advantages and disadvantages over rechargeable batteries |
| 1.1.1. | Relative pace of improvement |
| 1.2. | Objectives of further development |
| 1.2. | 66 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of supercapacitors/ supercabatteries by country |
| 1.2. | Supercapacitors and supercabatteries invade the battery space. Comparison of actual and planned parameters |
| 1.2.1. | Most promising routes |
| 1.2.2. | Geographical and product emphasis. |
| 1.3. | Forecasting assumptions |
| 1.3. | Primary focus % of 66 manufacturers and putative manufacturers of supercapacitors and/or supercabatteries |
| 1.3. | Global combined supercapacitor/ supercabattery market actual and forecast 2010-2023 $ billion ex-factory, with % and value when used for electronics vs electrical engineering |
| 1.4. | Trend in battery type by application of vehicle 2012-2022 |
| 1.4. | Global supercapacitor market actual and forecast 2010-2023 $ billion ex-factory, with % and value when used for electronics vs electrical engineering |
| 1.4. | Reality checks |
| 1.5. | Upside potential |
| 1.5. | Numbers of EVs, in thousands, sold globally, 2012-2022, by applicational sector |
| 1.5. | Examples of supercapacitor and supercabattery applications envisaged by suppliers |
| 1.5.1. | Applications |
| 1.5.2. | Replacing some batteries |
| 1.6. | AEDLC/supercabatteries |
| 1.6. | Maxwell Technologies supercapacitor pack for electric vehicles |
| 1.6. | Comparison of EDLC, AEDLC and rechargeable battery properties |
| 1.6.1. | Supercapacitor technology roadmap including lithium-ion capacitors (AEDLC) 2013-2023 |
| 1.7. | The technology and its future |
| 1.7. | Hybrid bus with supercapacitors on roof |
| 1.7. | Examples of energy density figures for batteries, supercapacitors lithium-ion batteries and gasoline |
| 1.7.1. | Comparison with capacitors and batteries |
| 1.7.2. | Replacing lead-acid and NiCd batteries |
| 1.7.3. | Most promising improvements ahead |
| 1.7.4. | Aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes |
| 1.7.5. | Prospect of radically different battery and capacitor shapes |
| 1.7.6. | Fixing the limitations |
| 1.8. | Supercapacitor sales have a new driver: safety |
| 1.8. | US Department of Energy roadmap for lithium-ion batteries and their possible battery successor technologies |
| 1.8. | Supercapacitor technology roadmap including lithium-ion capacitors (AEDLC) 2013-2023 |
| 1.9. | Aqueous vs non aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitors |
| 1.9. | Schematic of EDLC ie supercapacitor |
| 1.9. | Change of leadership of the global value market? |
| 1.10. | Comparison of an EDLC with an EADLC ie supercabattery |
| 1.10. | Properties conferred by aqueous vs non-aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitors and supercabatteries |
| 1.11. | Specific energy vs specific power for storage devices now and in the near future. Some developers even expect supercabatteries to match the energy density of lithium-ion batteries |
| 1.12. | Ragone plot showing charging time and the place of fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, supercabatteries and aluminium electrolytic capacitors and a simplified view of the main future potential given that supercabatteries and s |
| 1.13. | Simplest equivalent circuit for an electrolytic capacitor |
| 1.14. | Transmission line equivalent circuit for a supercapacitor. |
| 1.15. | Nippon Chemi-Con pollution-free Supercapacitor used for fast charge-discharge in a Mazda car exhibited May 2012 |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Nomenclature |
| 2.1. | Construction of a battery cell |
| 2.1. | The confusing EDLC/ supercapacitor terminology |
| 2.2. | Five ways in which a capacitor acts as the electrical equivalent of the spring |
| 2.2. | MEMS compared with a dust mite less than one millimetre long |
| 2.2. | Batteries and capacitors converge |
| 2.2.1. | What is a battery? |
| 2.2.2. | Battery history |
| 2.2.3. | Analogy to a container of liquid |
| 2.2.4. | Construction of a battery |
| 2.2.5. | Many shapes of battery |
| 2.2.6. | Single use vs rechargeable batteries |
| 2.2.7. | What is a capacitor? |
| 2.2.8. | Capacitor history |
| 2.2.9. | Analogy to a spring |
| 2.2.10. | Capacitor construction |
| 2.2.11. | Supercapacitor construction |
| 2.2.12. | Limitations of energy storage devices |
| 2.2.13. | Battery safety |
| 2.2.14. | A glimpse at the new magic |
| 2.3. | Improvement in performance taking place with components |
| 2.3. | Power in use vs duty cycle for portable and mobile devices showing zones of use of single use vs rechargeable batteries but the single use territory is rapidly becoming rechargeable |
| 2.3. | Comparison of the three types of capacitor when storing one kilojoule of energy. |
| 2.4. | Advantages and disadvantages of some options for supplying electricity from a device |
| 2.4. | Principle of the creation and healing of the oxide film of an aluminium electrolytic capacitor in use |
| 2.4. | History |
| 2.5. | What does a supercapacitor for small devices look like? |
| 2.5. | Construction of wound electrolytic capacitor |
| 2.6. | TPL Enerpak |
| 2.6. | Supercapacitors and supercabattery basics |
| 2.6.1. | Basic geometry |
| 2.6.2. | Charging |
| 2.6.3. | Discharging and cycling |
| 2.6.4. | Energy density |
| 2.6.5. | Battery-like variants: Pseudocapacitors, supercabatteries |
| 2.6.6. | New shapes |
| 2.6.7. | Achieving higher voltages |
| 2.6.8. | Laminar biodegradable option |
| 2.7. | Can type of supercapacitor |
| 2.8. | Bikudo supercapacitor |
| 2.9. | Flat supercapacitors made by prismatic or pouch construction or banking of cylinders |
| 2.10. | Banked supercapacitor modules on the roof of a bus |
| 2.11. | Comparison of construction diagrams of three basic types of capacitor |
| 2.12. | Types of ancillary electrical equipment being improved to serve small devices |
| 2.13. | Rapid progress in the capabilities of small electronic devices and their photovoltaic energy harvesting |
| 2.14. | Where supercapacitors fit in |
| 2.15. | Current vs time for a battery with and without a supercapacitor across it at minus 40oC |
| 2.16. | Symmetric supercapacitor construction |
| 2.17. | Symmetric compared to asymmetric supercapacitor construction |
| 3. | LATEST RESEARCH |
| 3.1. | Objectives |
| 3.1. | Energy density vs power density |
| 3.1.1. | Cost reduction |
| 3.1.2. | Most promising routes |
| 3.2. | Better electrolytes and electrodes |
| 3.2. | Carbon aerogel supercapacitors |
| 3.2.1. | Oshkosh Nanotechnology |
| 3.2.2. | Better carbon technologies |
| 3.3. | Carbon nanotubes |
| 3.3. | The new principle for a lithium supercabattery |
| 3.3.1. | Carbon aerogel |
| 3.3.2. | Solid activated carbon |
| 3.3.3. | Y-Carbon USA |
| 3.3.4. | Carbide derived carbon |
| 3.4. | Graphene |
| 3.4. | Scanning electron microscopy image of curved graphene sheets (scale bar 10 µm). |
| 3.4.1. | Fast charging is achieved |
| 3.4.2. | Graphene Energy |
| 3.4.3. | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute |
| 3.4.4. | Lomiko Metals Inc and Graphene Laboratories |
| 3.5. | Prevention of capacity fading |
| 3.5. | Single sheets of graphene material |
| 3.6. | Graphene supercapacitor cross section |
| 3.6. | Microscopic supercapacitors become possible |
| 3.7. | Flexible, paper and transparent supercapacitors |
| 3.7. | Nano onions |
| 3.7.1. | University of Minnesota |
| 3.7.2. | University of Southern California |
| 3.7.3. | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute USA |
| 3.8. | Woven wearable supercapacitors |
| 3.8. | SEM image of the cross section of photo-thermally reduced graphene shows an expanded structure. The graphene sheets are spaced apart with an inter-connected network allowing for greater electrolyte wetting and lithium ion access f |
| 3.9. | Hydrogen-insertion asymmetric supercapacitor |
| 3.9. | Skeleton and skin strategy improves supercapacitor |
| 3.10. | National University of Singapore: a competitor for supercapacitors? |
| 3.10. | Flexible supercapacitor |
| 3.11. | Flexible, transparent supercapacitors - bend and twist them like a poker card |
| 3.11. | Supercabattery developments |
| 3.12. | Synthesizing enhanced materials for supercapacitors |
| 3.12. | The UCLA printed supercapacitor technologies on a ragone plot |
| 3.13. | Illustration of a core-shell supercapacitor electrode design for storing electrochemical energy |
| 3.13. | Boost for energy storage of super capacitors |
| 3.14. | Supercapacitor yarn: small fibres are powerful batteries |
| 3.14. | MnO2-CNT-sponge electrodes |
| 3.15. | SWCNT/PANI hybrid film |
| 3.16. | The energy storage membrane |
| 3.17. | Schematic diagram showing the configuration of UltraBattery™ |
| 3.18. | Appearance and dimensions of prototype UltraBattery™ |
| 3.19. | Mesoporous graphene |
| 3.20. | Dr Javad Foroughi and Professor Gordon Wallace inspect nanostructured fibres produced at UOW's labs using knitting and braiding machines |
| 4. | APPLICATIONS IN VEHICLES |
| 4.1. | Buses and trucks |
| 4.1. | "Don't leave starting to batteries. The Engine Start Module from Maxwell Technologies will provide the power to start your truck all the time, every time." |
| 4.1. | Number of hybrid and pure electric cars sold and those that plug in thousands 2012-2022 |
| 4.1.1. | Fast charge-discharge made possible |
| 4.1.2. | Much better cold start and battery use in trucks |
| 4.1.3. | Stop-start of cars |
| 4.1.4. | Capabus: electric buses without batteries |
| 4.1.5. | Oshkosh military truck without batteries |
| 4.1.6. | Why supercapacitors instead of batteries? |
| 4.1.7. | Regenerative Braking Systems for industrial and commercial vehicles |
| 4.1.8. | Fork lifts, cranes regen, peak power, battery life improvement |
| 4.2. | Range extender support |
| 4.2. | CapXX stop start supercapacitor |
| 4.2. | Some primary hybrid market drivers |
| 4.3. | Three generations of range extender with examples of construction, manufacturer and power output |
| 4.3. | A bus that runs entirely on ultracapacitors charges up at a bus stop in Shanghai |
| 4.3. | Ten year forecast for electric cars, hybrids and their range extenders |
| 4.4. | Hybrid and pure electric vehicles compared |
| 4.4. | Oshkosh Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) with no traction battery |
| 4.5. | See through of HEMTT |
| 4.5. | Hybrid market drivers |
| 4.6. | What will be required of a range extender 2012-2022 |
| 4.6. | Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vs pure electric vehicles |
| 4.7. | Indicative trend of charging and electrical storage for large hybrid vehicles over the next decade. |
| 4.7. | Three generations of range extender |
| 4.8. | Energy harvesting - mostly ally not alternative |
| 4.8. | Evolution of construction of range extenders over the coming decade |
| 4.9. | Examples of range extender technology in the shaft vs no shaft categories |
| 4.9. | Key trends for range extended vehicles |
| 4.10. | Electric vehicle demonstrations and adoption |
| 4.10. | Illustrations of range extender technologies over the coming decade with "gen" in red for those that have inherent ability to generate electricity |
| 4.11. | The most powerful energy harvesting in vehicles |
| 4.11. | Hybrid electric vehicles |
| 4.12. | USCAR USA |
| 4.12. | Kinetic Photovoltaic Vehicle folding e-bike |
| 4.13. | Racing cars |
| 4.14. | Folding e-bike |
| 4.15. | Railway engine power recuperation |
| 4.16. | Siemens Germany |
| 4.17. | Supercapacitors for fuel cell vehicles - HyHEELS & ILHYPOS |
| 5. | IMPROVING MOBILE PHONES AND OTHER ELECTRONICS |
| 5.1. | Cellphone battery improvement and replacement |
| 5.1. | Mobile phone modified to give much brighter flash thanks to supercapacitor outlined in red |
| 5.1. | Comparison of Light Energy between Xenon, BriteFlash and Low-Power LED Flash |
| 5.2. | Comparison of a small xenon flash in a current camera phone and the supercapacitor-powered LED BriteFlash™ solution |
| 5.2. | Long distance camera flash |
| 5.3. | Handling surge power in electronics |
| 5.3. | Comparison of a standard LED flash to a BriteFlash |
| 5.4. | The Linear Technology surge power solution. LTC4425 charger IC manages a series pair of supercapacitors, charges them from Li-ion/polymer cells, USB port, or DC source |
| 5.4. | Wireless systems and Burst-Mode Communications |
| 5.5. | Energy harvesting |
| 5.5. | Perpetuum energy harvester with its supercapacitors |
| 5.5.1. | Bicycles and wristwatches |
| 5.5.2. | Industrial electronics: vibration harvesters |
| 5.5.3. | Extending mobile phone use |
| 5.5.4. | Human power to recharge portable electronics |
| 5.6. | University of Cambridge harvester for phones. A thin-film system harvests energy from wasted light in an OLED display. |
| 6. | RENEWABLE ENERGY AND OTHER APPLICATIONS |
| 6.1. | Renewable energy |
| 6.1. | Wind power electricity storage Palmdale California |
| 6.2. | Quantum Wired vision of supercapacitors managing wind turbine power surges. |
| 6.2. | The Challenges and Solutions |
| 6.3. | NREL USA |
| 6.3. | Schematic diagram showing the electricity flow between wind turbine, UltraBattery™ pack and power grid in a grid-connected wind energy system |
| 6.4. | UltraBattery™ pack providing energy storage to the wind turbine at CSIRO Energy Technology, Newcastle, Australia. |
| 6.4. | Quick Charge Hand Tools |
| 6.5. | Schematic diagram showing the connection of batteries to each phase of the wind turbine. |
| 7. | PATENT TRENDS BY DR. VICTOR ZHITOMIRSKY |
| 7.1. | The PatAnalyse/ IDTechEx patent search strategy |
| 7.1. | Top 50 Assignees vs Technical categories |
| 7.1.1. | Revealing many underlying business and scientific trends |
| 7.1.2. | Absolute and normalised patent maps |
| 7.2. | Generic Supercapacitor technologies |
| 7.2. | Top 50 Assignees vs Priority Years |
| 7.2.1. | Top 50 Assignees vs Technical categories |
| 7.2.2. | Top 50 Assignees vs Priority Years |
| 7.2.3. | Technical categories vs Priority Years |
| 7.2.4. | Countries of origin vs Priority Years |
| 7.2.5. | Technical categories vs Countries of origin |
| 7.3. | Technical categories vs National Patent Office Country |
| 7.3. | Technical categories vs Priority Years |
| 7.4. | Countries of origin vs Priority Years |
| 7.4. | About PatAnalyse |
| 7.5. | Technical categories vs Countries of origin |
| 7.6. | Technical categories vs National Patent Office Country |
| 8. | PROFILES OF 72 MANUFACTURERS |
| 8.1. | ABSL EnerSys |
| 8.1. | ACT Premlis lithium-ion capacitors (Supercabatteries AEDLC) |
| 8.1. | Primary focus of manufacturers and putative manufacturers |
| 8.2. | Targeted applications for ACT lithium-ion supercapacitor |
| 8.2. | Comparison of ACT Premlis lithium-ion capacitors with early symmetric supercapacitors |
| 8.2. | Ada Technologies USA |
| 8.3. | Advanced Capacitor Technologies Japan |
| 8.3. | Comparison of Premlis discharge energy with early activated carbon EDLCs |
| 8.3. | Cap XX single cells organic flat supercapacitors vs alternatives |
| 8.4. | Representative customers for commercial use |
| 8.4. | AVX high power pulse supercapacitors. |
| 8.4. | Asahi Kasei-FDK Japan |
| 8.5. | AVX Mexico |
| 8.5. | Bainacap supercapacitors |
| 8.6. | Beijing HCC Energy Tech supercapacitor |
| 8.6. | Bainacap China |
| 8.7. | Bolloré France |
| 8.7. | CapXX product range |
| 8.8. | The Cap-XX supercapacitor structure |
| 8.8. | Baoding Yepu New Energy China |
| 8.9. | Beijing HCC Energy Tech China |
| 8.9. | Front and back close-up of components of energy harvester with supercapacitor and full module below |
| 8.10. | CDE Cornell Dubilier supercapacitors |
| 8.10. | Cap-XX Australia |
| 8.11. | CDE Cornell Dubilier USA |
| 8.11. | Chaoyang Liyuan large 3000F supercapacitor |
| 8.12. | Daying Juneng Technology and Development supercapacitors |
| 8.12. | Cellergy Israel |
| 8.13. | Chaoyang Liyuan New Energy China |
| 8.13. | Dongguan WIN WIN Supercap Electronic 1F supercapacitor |
| 8.14. | ELBIT timeline as presented at the IDTechEx "Electric Vehicles Land Sea Air" event in San Jose California 2012 |
| 8.14. | Cooper Bussmann USA |
| 8.15. | Daying Juneng Technology and Development China |
| 8.15. | Electric Urban Public Transportation (EUPT) concept for using supercabatteries with a relatively small traction battery in a bus |
| 8.16. | Applications envisaged |
| 8.16. | Dongguan Amazing Electronic China |
| 8.17. | Dongguan Fuhui Electronics Sales China |
| 8.17. | Civil market - additional energy solutions |
| 8.18. | ELBIT Systems combined energy storage system concept |
| 8.18. | Dongguan Gonghe Electronics China |
| 8.19. | Dongguan WIN WIN Supercap Electronic China |
| 8.19. | Evans Capacitors supercapacitors |
| 8.20. | Evans Capacitor Capattery. RES 160504 Shock hardened Capattery 16V 0.5F for high Shock / Impact |
| 8.20. | East Penn Manufacturing Co. USA |
| 8.21. | Ecoult Australia |
| 8.21. | The FDK EneCapTen large lithium-ion supercabattery |
| 8.22. | The regular EneCapTen lithium-ion supercabattery |
| 8.22. | Elbit Energy Israel |
| 8.23. | ELIT Russia |
| 8.23. | GHC supercapacitors |
| 8.24. | Handong Heter Battery supercapacitor |
| 8.24. | ESMA Russia |
| 8.25. | Evans Capacitor Company USA |
| 8.25. | Heter Electronics supercapacitors on display at The battery Show Novi Michigan September 2013 |
| 8.26. | Hitachi lithium-ion capacitors |
| 8.26. | FastCAP Systems USA |
| 8.27. | FDK Corp Japan |
| 8.27. | Illinois Capacitor supercapacitor range |
| 8.28. | Ioxus supercapacitors |
| 8.28. | Furukawa Battery Co Japan |
| 8.29. | GHC Electronic Co China |
| 8.29. | Ioxus supercapacitors |
| 8.30. | KAMCAP supercapacitor |
| 8.30. | Graphene Energy Inc USA |
| 8.31. | Handong Heter Battery China |
| 8.31. | Korchip supercapacitor range |
| 8.32. | Benefits cited by Korchip |
| 8.32. | Harbin Jurong Newpower China |
| 8.33. | Hitachi Japan |
| 8.33. | LS Mtron Korea Ultracapacitor |
| 8.34. | Maxwell Technologies ultracapacitor engine start module |
| 8.34. | Honda Japan |
| 8.35. | Illinois Capacitor USA |
| 8.35. | Maxwell Technologies supercapacitors |
| 8.36. | Supercapacitor made using Aluminium Celmet. |
| 8.36. | Ionova USA |
| 8.37. | Ioxus USA |
| 8.37. | Murata supercapacitors |
| 8.38. | Nanotecture nanoporous supercabattery electrode material |
| 8.38. | JM Energy Corp Japan |
| 8.39. | KAM China |
| 8.39. | NEC Tokin supercapacitor |
| 8.40. | Nesscap supercapacitors |
| 8.40. | Kankyo Japan |
| 8.41. | Korchip Korea |
| 8.41. | Nichicon supercapacitors |
| 8.42. | Nippon Chemi-Con ELDCs - supercapacitors |
| 8.42. | LS Mtron Korea |
| 8.43. | Maxwell Technologies USA |
| 8.43. | Nippon Chemi-Con supercapacitors for material handling vehicles and cars |
| 8.44. | Nippon Chemi-Con poster from EVS26 in 2012 |
| 8.44. | Meidensha Corp. Japan |
| 8.45. | Murata Japan |
| 8.45. | First generation product: PowerPatch™ |
| 8.46. | Non-Hazardous materials |
| 8.46. | Nanotecture, UK (now only licensing) |
| 8.47. | Nanotune Technologies USA |
| 8.47. | Acceleration of drum warming-up |
| 8.48. | Peak power assistance & utilizing regenerative energy |
| 8.48. | NEC Tokin Japan |
| 8.49. | Nesscap Energy Inc Korea |
| 8.49. | Reduction of Exhaust Gas |
| 8.50. | Reduction of total cost |
| 8.50. | Nichicon Japan |
| 8.51. | Nippon Chemi-con Japan |
| 8.51. | Powerweave Project |
| 8.52. | Illustration of Powerweave concept |
| 8.52. | Panasonic Japan |
| 8.53. | Paper Battery Company USA |
| 8.53. | Integration of PV films into textile |
| 8.54. | Centexbel work with BTF and VdS to develop weaving, knitting or embroidery using the active fibres |
| 8.54. | PowerSystem Co Japan |
| 8.55. | Powerweave Project Europe |
| 8.55. | Powerweave demonstrations planned |
| 8.56. | Energy density vs power density showing the positioning of Quantum Wired's supercapacitor / micro fuel cell device |
| 8.56. | Quantum Wired USA |
| 8.57. | Ryan Technology Taiwan |
| 8.57. | SAFT view of the supercapacitor and supercabattery opportunity |
| 8.58. | Shandong Heter Lampson Electronic supercapacitors |
| 8.58. | SAFT France |
| 8.59. | Shandong Heter Lampson Electronic China |
| 8.59. | Shanghai Green Tech supercapacitors |
| 8.60. | Shenzhen Forecon supercapacitor |
| 8.60. | Shanghai Aowei Technology Development China |
| 8.61. | Shanghai Green Tech China |
| 8.61. | Sino Power Star supercapacitor |
| 8.62. | Skeleton Technologies supercapacitors |
| 8.62. | Shanghai Power Oriental International Trade China |
| 8.63. | Shenzhen Forecon Super Capacitor Technology China |
| 8.63. | SPL CP15 15 Farad supercabattery and 8 Farad supercabattery |
| 8.64. | Tavrima supercapacitors |
| 8.64. | Sino Power Star China |
| 8.65. | Skeleton Technologies Estonia |
| 8.65. | Vinatech supercapacitors |
| 8.66. | WIMA large supercapacitors |
| 8.66. | SPL USA |
| 8.67. | Taiyo Yuden Japan |
| 8.67. | Double Layer Capacitors developed by WIMA |
| 8.68. | Yo-Engineering energy storage |
| 8.68. | Tavrima Canada |
| 8.69. | Vina Technology Co Korea |
| 8.70. | WIMA Spezialvertrieb Elektronischer Bauelemente Germany |
| 8.71. | Yo-Engineering Russia |
| 8.72. | Yunasko Ukraine |
| 9. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 9.1. | Cap-XX |
| 9.2. | Cellergy |
| 9.3. | Ioxus |
| 9.4. | Maxwell Technologies Inc |
| 9.5. | Saft Batteries |
| 9.6. | Skeleton Technologies |
| 9.7. | Yunasko |
| 10. | GLOSSARY |
| APPENDIX 1: EUROPEAN UNION SUPERCAPACITOR PROJECTS | |
| APPENDIX 2: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY | |
| APPENDIX 3: ELECTRIC FUTURES FOR TRANSPORT CONFERENCE LONDON 7 MARCH 2013 - LESSONS LEARNED | |
| TABLES | |
| FIGURES |
This market will be worth over $11 billion in ten years
보고서 통계
| Pages | 334 |
|---|---|
| Tables | 22 |
| Figures | 149 |
| Companies | 70 |
| 전망 | 2023 |
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