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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Why adopt buses? |
1.3. | Why buy a pure electric bus? |
1.4. | Challenges |
1.5. | Types of bus currently on sale |
1.6. | Primary conclusions: bus statistics and markets by region |
1.6.1. | Global and regional sales trends: overview |
1.6.2. | Bus population worldwide by types 2020 |
1.7. | Drivers and timing of bus electrification |
1.8. | Primary conclusions: manufacturers |
1.9. | Primary conclusions: vested interests |
1.10. | Primary conclusions: technology |
1.11. | Electric bus leadership: focus on pure electric now but some delay and difficulty |
1.11.1. | Recent action and experiences |
1.11.2. | C40 Green and Healthy Streets Declaration tested against orders |
1.12. | China buses go global: cost advantages |
1.13. | Timelines |
1.13.1. | Bus technology timeline 2020-2040 |
1.13.2. | What do latest electric bus orders tell us? |
1.13.3. | Predicting the electric bus killer blow of lower up-front price 2020-2040 |
1.14. | Bus as a train |
1.15. | Electric bus market forecasts worldwide |
1.15.1. | Electric bus market forecast 2019-2030 number (thousand) |
1.15.2. | Electric bus market forecast 2019-2030 unit price $k |
1.15.3. | Electric bus market forecast 2019-2030 $ billion market value |
1.15.4. | Pure electric bus number by region 2030 |
1.16. | Background statistics |
1.16.1. | Global automotive production 2000-2018 |
1.17. | The German bus industry is being destroyed |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Electric buses today |
2.1.1. | Background statistics and initiatives |
2.1.2. | Example of excellence: Hess TOSA BRT |
2.1.3. | MAN, Bolloré, CRRC, HIGER, Rosero contrasted |
2.1.4. | Mellor, eCrafter, APTIS |
2.1.5. | Large choice of regular sized electric buses |
2.1.6. | CRRC of China makes its own state-of-the-art electric bus components |
2.1.7. | Robot buses from China |
2.2. | Bus technology and component suppliers |
2.2.1. | Overview |
2.2.2. | Powertrain choices |
2.2.3. | Voltage trends |
2.2.4. | In-wheel motors |
2.2.5. | Batteries, axial flux and external rotor motors |
2.2.6. | Fuel cell and other hybrids |
2.2.7. | Range extenders - solar |
2.2.8. | Gantry charging |
2.3. | Cummins reinvented |
2.4. | Allison Transmission reinvented |
2.5. | How nine key enabling technologies are improving to serve the primary needs |
3. | CHINA ELECTRIC TRANSIT BUS, COACH, SHUTTLE |
3.1. | History of buses in China |
3.2. | Yutong fights BYD for global leadership |
3.2.1. | Yutong |
3.2.2. | BYD |
3.2.3. | BYD financials |
4. | INDIA TRANSIT BUS, COACH, SHUTTLE |
4.1. | Overview |
4.1.1. | Background: commercial vehicles |
4.1.2. | Electric bus overview |
4.2. | FAME India, Olectra-BYD, Ashok Leyland, Kinetic, TVS |
5. | LATIN AMERICA TRANSIT BUS, COACH, SHUTTLE |
5.1. | Latin America - large numbers |
6. | NORTH AMERICA TRANSIT BUS, COACH, SHUTTLE |
6.1. | USA: Unique mix |
6.2. | BYD, New Flyer, IndyGo, Alexander Dennis, BYD |
6.3. | Example of pure electric bus leadership: Proterra |
7. | EUROPE TRANSIT BUS, COACH, SHUTTLE |
7.1. | Overview |
7.2. | France |
7.3. | Germany compared to Poland |
7.4. | Netherlands |
7.5. | Nordics |
7.6. | United Kingdom |
7.7. | Spain and Luxembourg |
8. | AUTONOMOUS SHUTTLE COMPANY PROFILES |
8.1. | Navya |
8.2. | EasyMile |
8.3. | Autonomous shuttles' public service in Australia |
8.4. | 2getthere |
8.5. | Baidu Apolong |
8.6. | May Mobility |
8.7. | Local Motors |
8.8. | Sensible 4 |
8.9. | GACHA |
8.10. | Ohmio Automation |
8.11. | Yutong |
9. | SCHOOL BUSES |
9.1. | North America |
9.1.1. | Overview |
9.1.2. | School buses choking children to death, unnecessary fires |
9.1.3. | US school bus statistics 2018 |
9.1.4. | Commentary |
9.1.5. | Autonomy needed: driver shortages and cost escalation |
9.1.6. | Pure electric powertrains needed: longer life, much less maintenance compared to current diesel shown below |
9.1.7. | US leading school bus manufacturers |
9.2. | China: big potential, not much happening yet |
9.3. | School buses: USA and China compared |
9.4. | School buses: V2G trials, launches and initiatives |
10. | FUTURE ELECTRIC BUS TECHNOLOGY |
10.1. | Toyota REE chassis: huge advances |
10.2. | Robot buses changing radically: all sizes, smart materials |
10.2.1. | NTU Singapore and Volvo: first full size, autonomous electric bus |
10.2.2. | Future robot shuttle |
10.2.3. | Protean 360 degree wheel: sideways parking for robot vehicles |
10.2.4. | Multifunctional smart windows coming for robot vehicles |
10.2.5. | Triple action window by NREL |
10.2.6. | Airport shuttle bus thin-film PV roof system |
10.2.7. | IBM Olli robot bus: 3D printed multifunctional |
10.3. | Self-healing supercapacitor bodywork, supercapacitor buses, future battery |
10.3.1. | Self healing supercapacitor body |
10.3.2. | Traction supercapacitors in buses |
10.3.3. | Battery type, performance, future |
10.4. | Autonomy technology and hardware trends |
10.4.1. | Hardware |
10.4.2. | Hardware replaced by software & content |
10.5. | Charger standardisation: bus/truck commonality |
10.6. | Energy Independent Electric Vehicles EIEV |
10.6.1. | Disruptive |
10.6.2. | Towards energy independence: increasing bus range |
10.6.3. | Energy independent electric bus: NFH-H microbus China |
10.6.4. | Energy positive buses will come |
11. | 90 HYBRID BUS MANUFACTURERS |
12. | 120 PURE ELECTRIC BUS MANUFACTURERS, RETROFITTERS, DESIGNERS |
スライド | 207 |
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フォーキャスト | 2030 |