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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Batteries currently dominate stationary energy storage |
1.2. | Primary conclusions for stationary storage without batteries 2021-2041: big picture |
1.3. | New options tackle extremes where batteries fail and also start to tackle mainstream battery applications |
1.4. | Primary conclusions for stationary storage without batteries 2021-2041: Technology choices |
1.5. | A Growing Energy Storage Market |
1.6. | High Potential ES Technologies: Overview |
1.7. | High Potential ES Technologies: Parameters |
1.8. | Addressing the issues |
1.9. | High Potential ES Technologies: Technology Segmentation |
1.10. | Emerging W/kg & Wh/kg |
1.11. | Which technology will dominate the market? |
1.12. | High Potential ES Technologies: Parameter comparison |
1.13. | High Potential ES Technologies analysis |
1.14. | Technology/Manufacturing Readiness Level: definitions |
1.15. | Technology/Manufacturing Readiness Level |
1.16. | Why not Li-ion or Redox Flow batteries? |
1.17. | Comparison of energy storage devices |
1.18. | Forecast Methodology |
1.19. | Forecast Assumptions |
1.20. | Market Forecasts - Gravity, liquid air and compressed air stationary energy storage |
1.21. | Stationary energy storage without batteries: technology shares 2041 |
1.22. | Forecast technology breakdown for leading technologies |
1.23. | Supercapacitor technology roadmap 2021-2041 |
1.24. | Global supercapacitor value market by territory 2021-2041 |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Overview |
2.2. | Battery limitations |
2.3. | Renewable Energies: Energy generated and cost trend |
2.4. | The increasingly important role of stationary storage |
2.5. | Stationary energy storage is not new |
2.6. | Why We Need Energy Storage |
2.7. | Energy Storage Devices |
2.8. | Energy Storage Classification |
2.9. | Technology choices: no single winner for everything |
2.10. | Example: Trackside SESS |
2.11. | Example: Stationary energy storage for tramlines |
2.12. | ESS, BESS, BTM, FTM |
2.13. | Stationary Energy Storage Markets |
2.14. | New avenues for stationary storage |
2.15. | Example: Gravitational energy storage for grid |
2.16. | Incentives for energy storage |
2.17. | Overview of ES drivers |
2.18. | Renewable energy self-consumption |
2.19. | ToU Arbitrage |
2.20. | Feed-in-Tariff phase-outs |
2.21. | Net metering phase-outs |
2.22. | Demand Charge Reduction |
2.23. | Other Drivers |
2.24. | Values provided at the customer side |
2.25. | Values provided at the utility side |
2.26. | Values provided in ancillary services |
2.27. | Example: World's largest liquid air energy storage April 2021 |
2.28. | Modernising pumped hydro |
2.29. | Storage over 4 hours is not a done deal |
3. | SUPERCAPACITORS AND DERIVATIVES |
3.1. | Basics |
3.2. | Typical stationary power applications of supercapacitors so far |
3.3. | Primary conclusions: regional differences and typical values by application |
3.4. | US railgun |
3.5. | Some supercapacitor applications targeted by manufacturers by sector |
3.6. | Examples of the large emerging market for 0.1 kWh to 1MWh supercapacitors |
3.7. | Trackside train and tram regeneration - Bombardier, Siemens, Cegelec, Greentech light rail and tram |
3.8. | Light rail: regen supercapacitors on train or trackside |
3.9. | Wayside Rail HESS: Frequency regulation, energy efficiency |
3.10. | Supercapacitors in the energy sector - Overview |
3.11. | New generation wave power and wave heave compensation |
3.12. | New generation tidal power |
3.13. | Wind power - Wind turbine protection and output smoothing |
3.14. | Airborne Wind Energy AWE |
3.15. | Utility energy storage and large UPS |
3.16. | The role of supercapacitors in the grid - Maxwell insight |
3.17. | Hybrid electric energy storage HEES: benefits |
3.18. | Purdue and Wisconsin Universities insight |
3.19. | Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell SOEC fuel cell HEES with supercapacitor storage in grid |
3.20. | Example: Duke Energy Rankin PV intermittency smoothing + load shifting |
3.21. | Example: smoothing wind farm power output |
3.22. | Freqcon - utility-scale supercapacitors |
3.23. | Microgrids |
3.24. | Example: Ireland microgrid test bed |
3.25. | Borkum Municipality with a flagship project for stationary energy storage |
4. | GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY STORAGE (GES) |
4.1.1. | Gravitational Energy Storage (GES) |
4.1.2. | Calculation from Gravitricity technology |
4.1.3. | Piston Based GES - Energy Stored example |
4.1.4. | GES Technology Classification |
4.1.5. | Can the GES reach the market? |
4.1.6. | Structure of the remainder of this chapter |
4.2. | ARES |
4.2.1. | ARES LLC Technology Overview |
4.2.2. | ARES Technologies: Traction Drive, Ridgeline |
4.2.3. | Technical Comparison: Traction Drive, Ridgeline |
4.2.4. | A considerable Landscape footprint |
4.2.5. | ARES Market, and Technology analysis |
4.3. | Piston Based Gravitational Energy Storage (PB-GES) |
4.3.1. | Energy Vault - Technology working principle |
4.3.2. | Energy Vault - Brick Material |
4.3.3. | Energy Vault Technology and market analysis |
4.3.4. | Gravitricity - Piston-based Energy storage |
4.3.5. | Gravitricity technology analysis |
4.3.6. | Mountain Gravity Energy Storage (MGES): Overview |
4.3.7. | Mountain Gravity Energy Storage (MGES): Analysis |
4.4. | Underground - Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (U-PHES) |
4.4.1. | Underground - PHES: |
4.4.2. | U-PHES - Gravity Power |
4.4.3. | U-PHES - Heindl Energy |
4.4.4. | Detailed description of Heindl Energy technology |
4.4.5. | U-PHES - Heindl Energy |
4.4.6. | Underground - PHES: Analysis |
4.5. | Under Water Energy Storage (UWES) |
4.5.1. | Under Water Energy Storage (UWES) - Analysis |
5. | COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE (CAES) |
5.1. | CAES Historical Development |
5.2. | CAES Technologies overview |
5.3. | Drawbacks of CAES |
5.4. | Diabatic Compressed Energy Storage (D-CAES) |
5.5. | Huntorf D-CAES - North of Germany |
5.6. | McIntosh D-CAES - US Alabama |
5.7. | Adiabatic - Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) |
5.8. | A - CAES analysis |
5.9. | Isothermal - Compressed Air Energy Storage (I - CAES) |
5.10. | Main players in CAES technologies |
5.11. | CAES Players and Project |
6. | LIQUID AIR ENERGY STORAGE (LAES) |
6.1. | Liquid Air Energy Storage |
6.2. | The Dawn of Liquid Air in the Energy Storage Market |
6.3. | Sumitomo Industries invests in Highview Energy |
6.4. | Hot and Cold Storage Materials: |
6.5. | Industrial Processes to Liquify Air |
6.6. | LAES Historical Evolution |
6.7. | LAES Companies and Projects |
6.8. | LAES Players |
6.9. | LAES Analyst analysis |
6.10. | Liquid carbon dioxide |
7. | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (TES) |
7.1. | TES Technology Overview and Classification |
7.2. | Electric Thermal Energy Storage ETES |
7.2.1. | Operating principle |
7.2.2. | Potential applications |
7.2.3. | Benefits |
7.2.4. | IDTechEx appraisal |
7.2.5. | ETES in context in 2031 |
7.2.6. | ETES costing |
7.3. | Diurnal TES Systems - Solar Thermal Power Plants (CSP) |
8. | COMPANY PROFILES |
8.1. | Company Profiles |
8.2. | Manufacturers of supercapacitors and derivatives for stationary energy storage - Explanation of our 10 assessment columns |
8.3. | Number of supercapacitor manufacturers by territory 2020 and trend to 2041 |
スライド | 213 |
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ISBN | 9781913899455 |