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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Misnomers |
1.3. | Wishful thinking |
1.4. | Background |
1.5. | Primary conclusions: context |
1.6. | Primary conclusions: research and development effort |
1.7. | Primary conclusions: performance available matched to potential applications |
1.7.1. | Six key points |
1.7.2. | Change of focus in 2021 |
1.7.3. | Infrasound opportunity and 2021 example |
1.8. | Healthcare sensors: learn from piezoelectrics |
1.9. | Energy harvesting of motion: transducer options compared |
1.10. | The vibration harvesting mirage |
1.11. | Primary conclusions: technical challenges and progress to market |
1.12. | Primary conclusions: matching TENG to market needs |
1.12.1. | Energy harvesting technology choice by intermittent power generated |
1.12.2. | Some appropriate markets |
1.12.3. | Market priorities for improvement |
1.12.4. | Hype curve for triboelectric devices |
1.12.5. | Timeline: triboelectric air filters & HV power, triboelectric sensors & actuators, TENG harvesters 2012-2040 |
1.13. | Primary conclusions: theory still needed |
1.14. | Primary conclusions: materials opportunities |
1.15. | Market forecasts |
1.15.1. | TENG transducer and sensor low vs high power 2020-2040 $ million |
1.15.2. | Addressable high power market |
1.15.3. | Total zero-emission power market <100MW systems 2030 and 2040 |
1.15.4. | Wearable technology market forecast |
1.15.5. | Forecast: cardiac monitoring skin patches |
1.15.6. | Forecast: skin patches for continuous diabetes management |
1.15.7. | Forecast: medical motion sensing patches |
1.15.8. | Haptics forecast |
1.15.9. | Forecast: battery assisted and active RFID |
1.15.10. | Potential for triboelectric air filters TAF in cars 2020-2030 |
1.15.11. | Triboelectric Air Filter TAF forecast |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Basics of energy harvesting (EH) |
2.2. | Features of energy harvesting |
2.3. | Low power vs high power off-grid |
2.4. | Types of EH energy source |
2.5. | Some of the candidates for EH by power |
2.6. | Low power vs high power EH features |
2.7. | EH transducer principles and materials |
2.8. | Energy harvesting transducer market success by technology |
2.9. | Fantasy |
2.10. | Energy harvesting systems |
2.10.1. | Architecture |
2.11. | Triboelectric effect |
2.11.1. | Overview |
2.11.2. | Commercialisation of EH of motion showing some TENG opportunities |
2.12. | How TENG fits in: EH transducer options compared |
2.12.1. | Production status by technology |
2.12.2. | Comparison of desirable features of EH technologies |
2.12.3. | Basics for harvesting and sensing: triboelectric dielectric series |
2.12.4. | Triboelectric dielectric series examples showing wide choice of properties |
2.12.5. | Commentary on dielectric series |
2.12.6. | Four ways to make a TENG |
2.12.7. | TENG modes with advantages, potential uses |
2.12.8. | Parametric advantages and challenges of triboelectric EH |
2.12.9. | TENG relative benefits |
2.12.10. | TENG relative benefits matched to potentially large markets |
2.13. | TENG operating principle and device optimisation in detail |
2.13.1. | Contact and sliding modes compared |
2.13.2. | Single electrode and contactless modes compared |
2.13.3. | Basic devices eliminating batteries: Clemson University |
2.13.4. | Electrostatics in energy harvesting |
2.14. | Lessons for the future |
3. | EARLY COMMERCIALISATION: FILTERS, TOYS AND NOVELTIES |
3.1. | First commercialisation |
3.1.1. | Self-powered electrostatic filters |
3.1.2. | Washable face masks |
3.1.3. | Battery free electronic toys |
3.1.4. | Electronic game with no battery from recycled plastic |
4. | MATERIALS VIRTUOSITY: SELF HEALING, TRANSPARENT, STRETCHABLE, HYDROPHOBIC, BIOCOMPATIBLE AND MORE |
4.1. | Self Healing |
4.2. | Transparent, stretchable |
4.3. | Biocompatible |
4.4. | Dendrite-free lithium metal batteries |
4.5. | Materials opportunities |
4.5.1. | Overview |
4.5.2. | Functionalisation and other options |
4.5.3. | Materials for 24 laminar TENG |
4.5.4. | Materials for 12 vertical arch TENG |
4.5.5. | Materials for 4 textile and fibre TENG |
4.5.6. | Materials for 8 rotating TENG |
4.5.7. | Materials for 13 other TENG variants |
5. | WEARABLE AND SURGICAL |
5.1. | Overview |
5.2. | Wearables hype curve |
5.3. | Examples of TENG for wearable and surgical |
5.4. | Trends in wearable technology that TENGs must address |
5.5. | Basic wearable device by component type |
5.6. | Categorisation of wearable sensors |
5.7. | Examples of experimental TENG designs |
5.8. | Other examples of experimental TENG designs for the human body |
5.9. | Textiles harvesting solar and movement |
5.10. | Three fibre-shaped components |
5.11. | Ultrastretchable, transparent triboelectric nanogenerator as electronic skin |
5.12. | Flexible self-powered tactile sensing skin patches |
6. | INTERNET OF THINGS AND UBIQUITOUS SENSING |
6.1. | Overview |
6.2. | Many challenges of IoT have been solved |
6.3. | Ambient energy available for energy harvesting by wireless sensors |
6.4. | Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerators in the Era of the Internet of Things |
6.5. | Self-powered triboelectric active sensors for IOT etc |
6.6. | Induction coils with self-powered IoT wireless sensors |
7. | SELF-POWERED SENSORS |
7.1. | Self-powered sensors overview |
7.2. | Examples of sensors with printing and film |
7.3. | Flexible touch pad detecting contact location |
7.4. | Proximity and contact detection using soft planar spiral electrodes |
7.5. | Sensor for wide-range pressure detection in wearables |
7.6. | Microfluidic system for liquid sensing |
7.7. | Pressure mapping, touch |
7.8. | Self-powered implantable heart monitor |
8. | HIGH POWER AND COMBINED WITH OTHER EH |
8.1. | Charging high power energy storage |
8.2. | TENG as part of structural electronics changing the world |
8.3. | Some organisations attempting significant SE advances |
8.3.1. | Structural electronics patents |
8.3.2. | SE product and technology roadmaps 2019-2040 |
8.4. | Smart roads |
8.5. | Solar road Pavenergy China |
8.6. | Structural electronics manufacturing and technology readiness by applicational sector |
8.7. | Structural electronics as protective coating or wrap: applications compared |
8.8. | Structural electronics as load bearing structure: applications compared |
8.9. | Structural electronics technologies compared |
8.10. | Formats of technology |
8.11. | TENG capabilities by configuration |
8.12. | Electricity from river and sea motion |
8.12.1. | Hype curve for water power |
8.12.2. | Global potential for strong ocean power near population |
8.12.3. | Open water wave power options compared |
8.12.4. | Likely blue energy successes 2020-2030 |
8.12.5. | Favoured configurations so far |
8.12.6. | TENG for wind and ocean wave |
8.12.7. | Long-lived rotational TENG for water power |
8.12.8. | Capillary approach to water power |
8.12.9. | Spherical wave power generator |
8.12.10. | Wave power using self-cleaning surface |
8.13. | TENG using leaves and TENG tree for wind power |
8.14. | Evolution of integrated multi-mode energy harvesting |
8.14.1. | Four TENG modes as multi-mode harvesters |
8.14.2. | Much can be done with metal patterning |
8.14.3. | TENG multi-mode energy harvesting cases |
スライド | 185 |
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フォーキャスト | 2040 |